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Universe
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Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology
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Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8669

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniele Fargion

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mediterranean Institute of Fundamental Physics (MIFP), 00040 Marino (Rome), Italy
Interests: theoretical physics; high energy astrophysics; astroparticle
Prof. Dr. Maxim Y. Khlopov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. President and Full Professor, Center for Cosmopartilce Physics "Cosmion", National Research Nuclear University ”Moscow Engineering Physics Institute”, Moscow, Russia
2. Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics, 75018 Paris, France
3. Principal Researcher, Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia
Interests: cosmoparticle physics; cosmology and particle physics; physics of dark matter and the early universe; physics beyond the standard model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue “Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology” will collect contributions including, but not limited to:

  1. Introduction to Elementary particles, masses and interactions. Introduction to Relativistic Cosmology. A short review on known correlations among particles in astrophysics and cosmology.
  2. Big Bang evolution and elementary particle abundances: their decoupling in the early and late Universe.
  3. Radio, Infrared, Optical, X, and Gamma Rays in our Universe: a whole picture.
  4. Cosmic Rays, Magnetic Fields, and Bending: From Solar to Ultra-High-Energy ones.
  5. Source of Photons, Gravitons, and Neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics. From Stellar, Supernovae (SN), Neutron Stars, and Black holes up to Gamma-Ray Bursts and AGN jets.
  6. Neutrino:
    a) Left-handed and right-handed interactions;
    b) Bending relativistic neutrinos by gravity;
    c) Time delay from gravitons in SN explosions;
    d) Decoupling in cosmology—dark matter’s role;
    e) Dark neutrino clouds clustering in a multi-fluid Universe;
    f) Degenerated hot or warm halos;
    g) Flavors, masses, and mixing;
    h) Solar, SN, atmospheric, prompt, astrophysical, and solar flare;
    i) Neutrino telescopes: ICECUBE, HyperKamiokande, and Deep Core;
    l) Tau Air-shower from Earth, Moons and planets;
    m) Muon Airshower from Moon and Sun shadows.
  7. The photon GZK opacity on relic photons and ZeV neutrino scattering on relic ones with mass.
  8. Graviton-to-photon conversion in astrophysics and cosmology.
  9. Synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton scattering, and gamma-ray bursts.
  10. Astro particles: fourth neutrino generation, Susy detection in UHE resonance, and Tera lepton relic system.
  11. Summary of Dark matter and Dark energy: the roles of Tera particles and mini black holes.
  12. Beyond the standard model of physics; open questions.
  13. Key unsolved puzzles in cosmology and elementary particle physics.

Prof. Dr. Daniele Fargion
Prof. Dr. Maxim Y. Khlopov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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9 pages, 281 KiB  
Communication
Quantum Phenomena Inside a Black Hole: Quantization of the Scalar Field Iniside Horizon in Schwarzschild Spacetime
by Pawel Gusin, Andrzej Radosz, Andy T. Augousti, Janos Polonyi, Oleg B. Zaslavskii and Romuald J. Ściborski
Universe 2023, 9(7), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9070299 - 21 Jun 2023
Viewed by 690
Abstract
We discuss the problem of the quantization and dynamic evolution of a scalar free field in the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole. A unitary approach to the dynamics of the quantized field is proposed: a time-dependent Hamiltonian governing the Heisenberg equations is [...] Read more.
We discuss the problem of the quantization and dynamic evolution of a scalar free field in the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole. A unitary approach to the dynamics of the quantized field is proposed: a time-dependent Hamiltonian governing the Heisenberg equations is derived. It is found that the system is represented by a set of harmonic oscillators coupled via terms corresponding to the creation and annihilation of pairs of particles and that the symmetry properties of the spacetime, homogeneity and isotropy are obeyed by the coupling terms in the Hamiltonian. It is shown that Heisenberg equations for annihilation and creation operators are transformed into ordinary differential equations for appropriate Bogolyubov coefficients. Such a formulation leads to a general question concerning the possibility of gravitationally driven instability, that is however excluded in this case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
11 pages, 1711 KiB  
Article
Coulomb Problem for Classical Spinning Particles
by Dmitry S. Kaparulin and Nikita A. Sinelnikov
Universe 2023, 9(5), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9050219 - 04 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1101
Abstract
We consider the motion of a weakly relativistic charged particle with an arbitrary spin in central potential e/r in terms of classical mechanics. We show that the spin–orbital interaction causes the precession of the plane of orbit around the vector of [...] Read more.
We consider the motion of a weakly relativistic charged particle with an arbitrary spin in central potential e/r in terms of classical mechanics. We show that the spin–orbital interaction causes the precession of the plane of orbit around the vector of total angular momentum. The angular velocity of precession depends on the distance of the particle from the centre. The effective potential for in-plane motion is central, with the corrections to Coulomb terms coming from spin–orbital interaction. The possible orbits of a quantum particle are determined by the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rule. We give examples of orbits corresponding to small quantum numbers, which were obtained by numerical integration of equations of motion. The energies of stationary states are determined by spin–orbital interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
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14 pages, 4929 KiB  
Article
Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Supernova Remnants
by Vera G. Sinitsyna and Vera Y. Sinitsyna
Universe 2023, 9(2), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9020098 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are generally believed to produce the cosmic rays in our Galaxy due to the powerful supernova blast waves generated by expanding SNRs. In contrast to the leptonic cosmic-ray component that is clearly seen by the SNR emission in a wide [...] Read more.
Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are generally believed to produce the cosmic rays in our Galaxy due to the powerful supernova blast waves generated by expanding SNRs. In contrast to the leptonic cosmic-ray component that is clearly seen by the SNR emission in a wide wavelength range, from radio to high-energy γ-ray, the hadronic cosmic-ray component can be detected only by very high energy γ-ray emission. Galactic SNRs of various ages have been intensively studied at very high energies. Among them are the shell-type SNRs: Tycho’s SNR, Cas A, IC 443, γCygni SNR, G166.0+4.3. The results of investigations of listed SNRs obtained in observations at 800 GeV–100 TeV energies by SHALON telescope are presented with spectral energy distribution and emission maps compared with experimental data from the wide energy range, from radio to high-energy gamma-rays. The TeV emission maps of supernova remnants obtained by SHALON are overlaid with ones viewed in radio- frequencies and X-rays to reveal SNR’s essential features which can lead to the effective generation of cosmic rays. The presented experimental data from high and very high energies are considered together with theoretical predictions to test the cosmic ray origin in these objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
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13 pages, 483 KiB  
Article
Weak Deflection Angle by Kalb–Ramond Traversable Wormhole in Plasma and Dark Matter Mediums
by Wajiha Javed, Hafsa Irshad, Reggie C. Pantig and Ali Övgün
Universe 2022, 8(11), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8110599 - 13 Nov 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
This paper is devoted to computing the weak deflection angle for the Kalb–Ramond traversable wormhole solution in plasma and dark matter mediums by using the method of Gibbons and Werner. To acquire our results, we evaluate Gaussian optical curvature by utilizing the Gauss–Bonnet [...] Read more.
This paper is devoted to computing the weak deflection angle for the Kalb–Ramond traversable wormhole solution in plasma and dark matter mediums by using the method of Gibbons and Werner. To acquire our results, we evaluate Gaussian optical curvature by utilizing the Gauss–Bonnet theorem in the weak field limits. We also investigate the graphical influence of the deflection angle α˜ with respect to the impact parameter σ and the minimal radius r0 in the plasma medium. Moreover, we derive the deflection angle by using a different method known as the Keeton and Petters method. We also examine that if we remove the effects of plasma and dark matter, the results become identical to that of the non-plasma case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
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6 pages, 786 KiB  
Communication
Influence of Extragalactic Magnetic Fields on Extragalactic Cascade Gamma-Ray Emission
by Anna Uryson
Universe 2022, 8(11), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8110569 - 29 Oct 2022
Viewed by 843
Abstract
We discuss the influence of extragalactic magnetic fields on the intensity of gamma-ray emission produced in electromagnetic cascades from ultra-high energy cosmic rays propagating in extragalactic space. Both cosmic rays and cascade particles propagate mostly out of galaxies, galactic clusters, and large-scale structures, [...] Read more.
We discuss the influence of extragalactic magnetic fields on the intensity of gamma-ray emission produced in electromagnetic cascades from ultra-high energy cosmic rays propagating in extragalactic space. Both cosmic rays and cascade particles propagate mostly out of galaxies, galactic clusters, and large-scale structures, as their relative volume is small. Therefore, their magnetic fields weakly affect emission produced in cascades. Yet, estimates of this influence can be useful in searching for dark matter particles when components of extragalactic gamma-ray background should be known, including cascade gamma-ray emission. To study magnetic field influence on cascade emission, we calculated cosmic particle propagation in fields of ~10−6 and 10−12 G (the former is typical inside galaxies and clusters and the latter is common in voids and outside galaxies and clusters). The calculated spectra of cascade gamma-ray emissions are similar in the range of ~107–109 eV, so analyzing cascade emission in this range it is not necessary to specify models of an extragalactic magnetic field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
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19 pages, 2554 KiB  
Essay
Nearly Forgotten Cosmological Concept of E. B. Gliner
by Dmitry Yakovlev and Alexander Kaminker
Universe 2023, 9(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9010046 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
E. B. Gliner started his scientific career in 1963 at the age of 40. In 1965, when the existence of the cosmological constant λ seemed unnecessary to most cosmologists, he renewed interest in the problem by emphasizing a material interpretation of de Sitter [...] Read more.
E. B. Gliner started his scientific career in 1963 at the age of 40. In 1965, when the existence of the cosmological constant λ seemed unnecessary to most cosmologists, he renewed interest in the problem by emphasizing a material interpretation of de Sitter space (i.e., the space curved in the presence of λ). According to that interpretation, the curvature is produced by a cosmological vacuum (now identified as dark energy of the universe). In 1970, Gliner proposed a description of exponential expansion (or contraction) of the universe at the early (or late) evolution stage dominated by cosmological vacuum. In 1975, Gliner (with I. G. Dyminikova) suggested a model of the early universe free of Big Bang singularity, and developed a scenario of nonsingular Friedmann cosmology. Many of these findings were used in the modern inflation scenarios of the universe, first proposed by A. A. Starobinsky (1979) and A. Guth (1981) and greatly multiplied later. However, these inflation scenarios differ from the scenario of Gliner and Dymnikova, and Gliner’s contribution to cosmology is nearly forgotten. The history and the essence of this contribution are outlined, as well the difference from the inflation theories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elementary Particles in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
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