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Special Issue "Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches"

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A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 January 2024 | Viewed by 5359

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yu Xia

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Guest Editor

1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
2. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: control and detection studies on mycotoxins; food biotechnology

Prof. Dr. Guimin Zhang

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Guest Editor

College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: biodegradation and detection of mycotoxins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. You Zhou

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Guest Editor

Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
Interests: analytical toxicology; degradation and dietary intervention with mycotoxins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic substances that can contaminate food and feed stuffs, posing serious threats to global human health. Existing methods to reduce mycotoxins’ effects and studies on the toxicity of their degradation products are still limited. Fortunately, the development of microbiology, biotechnology and nutrition has led to novel strategies for exploring various types of mycotoxins, either microbially/enzymatically or by dietary and nutritional interventions. These developments are crucial, especially in the post-pandemic era.

This Special Issue of Toxins focuses on the novel and emerging biotechnologies/nutritional approaches that have been studied and developed for detoxification, degradation and control of multiple mycotoxins, both in food/feed stuffs and environmental materials. Papers presenting new toxicological/mechanical findings on mycotoxins and their degradation products based on biological research are especially encouraged. Original research articles, reviews and methodologies are welcome, while papers only including data analysis results, policy prediction and macroscopic analysis without detailed experiments are not within the scope of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yu Xia
Prof. Dr. Guimin Zhang
Dr. You Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

mycotoxins
mycotoxicosis
microbial detoxification
enzymatic detoxification
toxicology research
detection of mycotoxins
dietary intervention

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Screening Biocontrol Agents for Cash Crop Fusarium Wilt Based on Fusaric Acid Tolerance and Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium oxysporum

and

Toxins 2023, 15(6), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060381 - 05 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most notorious diseases of cash crops. The use of microbial fungicides is an effective measure for controlling Fusarium wilt, and the genus Bacillus is an important resource for the development of microbial fungicides. Fusaric acid (FA) produced by F. oxysporum can inhibit the growth of Bacillus, thus affecting the control efficacy of microbial fungicides. Therefore, screening FA-tolerant biocontrol Bacillus may help to improve the biocontrol effect on Fusarium wilt. In this study, a method for screening biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt was established based on tolerance to FA and antagonism against F. oxysporum. Three promising biocontrol bacteria, named B31, F68, and 30833, were obtained to successfully control tomato, watermelon, and cucumber Fusarium wilt. Strains B31, F68, and 30833 were identified as B. velezensis by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB, and rpoC gene sequences. Coculture assays revealed that strains B31, F68, and 30833 showed increased tolerance to F. oxysporum and its metabolites compared with B. velezensis strain FZB42. Further experiments confirmed that 10 µg/mL FA completely inhibited the growth of strain FZB42, while strains B31, F68, and 30833 maintained normal growth at 20 µg/mL FA and partial growth at 40 µg/mL FA. Compared with strain FZB42, strains B31, F68, and 30833 exhibited significantly greater tolerance to FA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches)

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Open AccessArticle

Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach

Ran Xu

Alexandros Yiannikouris

Umesh K. Shandilya

and

Niel A. Karrow

Toxins 2023, 15(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020104 - 24 Jan 2023

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Abstract

Frequently reported occurrences of deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed or feedstuff could represent a significant concern regarding feed safety, animal health, and productivity. Inclusion of yeast cell wall-based mycotoxin adsorbents in animal feeds has been a common strategy to mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins. In the present study, an in vitro approach combining adsorption isotherm models and bioassays was designed to assess the efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW), yeast cell wall extract (YCWE), and a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) products at the inclusion rate of 0.5% (w/v) (ratio of adsorbent mass to buffer solution volume). The Hill’s adsorption isotherm model was found to best describe the adsorption processes of DON, BEA, and CIT. Calculated binding potential for YCW and YCWE using the Hill’s model exhibited the same ranking for mycotoxin adsorption, indicating that BEA had the highest adsorption rate, followed by DON and CIT, which was the least adsorbed. PYCW had the highest binding potential for BEA compared with YCW and YCWE. In contrast, the Freundlich isotherm model presented a good fit for OTA adsorption by all adsorbents and CIT adsorption by PYCW. Results indicated that YCW was the most efficacious for sequestering OTA, whereas YCWE was the least efficacious. PYCW showed greater efficacy at adsorbing OTA than CIT. All adsorbents exhibited high adsorption efficacy for BEA, with an overall percentage average of bound mycotoxin exceeding 60%, whereas moderate efficacies for the other mycotoxins were observed (up to 37%). Differences in adsorbent efficacy of each adsorbent significantly varied according to experimental concentrations tested for each given mycotoxin (p < 0.05). The cell viability results from the bioassay using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) indicated that all tested adsorbents could potentially mitigate mycotoxin-related damage to bovine mammary epithelium. Results from our studies suggested that all tested adsorbents had the capacity to adsorb selected mycotoxins in vitro, which could support their use to mitigate their effects in vivo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches)

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Open AccessArticle

Volatiles from Pseudomonas palleroniana Strain B-BH16-1 Suppress Aflatoxin Production and Growth of Aspergillus flavus on Coix lacryma-jobi during Storage

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Toxins 2023, 15(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010077 - 14 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1314

Abstract

Semen coicis is not only a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but also a typical food in China, with significant medical and healthcare value. Because semen coicis is rich in starch and oil, it can be easily contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxins (AFs). Preventing and controlling the contamination of semen coicis with Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxins is vital to ensuring its safety as a drug and as a food. In this study, the endosphere bacteria Pseudomonas palleroniana strain B-BH16-1 produced volatiles that strongly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore formation activity of A. flavus. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiling revealed three volatiles emitted from B-BH16-1, of which 1-undecene was the most abundant. We obtained authentic reference standards for these three volatiles; these significantly reduced mycelial growth and sporulation in Aspergillus, with dimethyl disulfide showing the most robust inhibitory activity. Strain B-BH16-1 was able to completely inhibit the biosynthesis of aflatoxins in semen coicis samples during storage by emitting volatile bioactive components. The microscope revealed severely damaged mycelia and a complete lack of sporulation. This newly identified plant endophyte bacterium was able to strongly inhibit the sporulation and growth of Aspergillus and the synthesis of associated mycotoxins, thus not only providing valuable information regarding an efficient potential strategy for the prevention of A. flavus contamination in TCM and food, but potentially also serving as a reference in the control of toxic fungi. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches)

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Open AccessArticle

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Tenuazonic Acid

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Toxins 2023, 15(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010053 - 07 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1473

Abstract

Large amounts of processing tomato are grown in Xinjiang, China. Tomato black spot disease, caused by Alternaria spp., and the produced alternaria toxins in tomato products are posing risks to human health. In this study, we isolated a rhizospheric bacterium, XJ-BV2007, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields, which we identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. We found that this bacterium has a strong antagonistic effect against Alternaria alternata and reduces the accumulation of alternaria toxins in tomatoes. According to the antifungal activity of the bacteria-free filtrate, we revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 suppresses A. alternata by the production of antifungal metabolites. Combining semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we employed UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis and the Oxford cup experiment to find that fengycin plays an important role in inhibiting A. alternata. This paper firstly reported that B. amyloliquefaciens efficiently controls tomato black spot disease and mycotoxins caused by A. alternata. B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 may provide an alternative biocontrol strain for the prevention of tomato black spot disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches)

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