Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry—Volume II

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 2825

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Department of Systems Biology, Alcalá de Henares University, 28871 Madrid, Spain
Interests: medicine neuroscience biochemistry; genetics and molecular biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cerebral hemispheres were believed to be the same and, therefore, function in a very similar way. Paul Broca in the 19th century demonstrated that, for most of the population, the language area was in the left hemisphere. However, it was not until the middle of the 20th century, when the discovery that the size of the planum temporale differs between the cerebral hemispheres highlighted the anatomical differences between them and prompted the search for other anatomical and functional differences. Perhaps the most typical example is auditory language processing, though this is also observed in other sensory systems, such as the visual. The knowledge derived from this search improved our understanding of how the nervous system functions. In this way, in the previous Special Issue of Symmetry, "Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry", new evidence of asymmetry in the integration of sensory information was collected. The growing knowledge of this asymmetry is helping us to better understand the integration of neural processing. On the other hand, the development of technology is enabling the application of new tools to study this amazing world. We encourage authors to submit papers to this Special Issue, including works carried out in different systems and with different strategies and methodological techniques, to contribute to the construction of a complete and global image of neural processing.

The objective is to develop a foundation that allows for a better understanding of neural information processing, specifically about the ways in which anatomical and functional asymmetry significantly contribute to improve global functioning, either through the division of functions or their optimization.

Dr. Francisco José Germain Martínez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuronal asymmetry
  • sensory system
  • somatosensory system
  • motor systems
  • neuroscience
  • cognitive science

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1741 KiB  
Article
The Relation between Infants’ Manual Lateralization and Their Performance of Object Manipulation and Tool Use
by Iryna Babik, Kylie Llamas and George F. Michel
Symmetry 2024, 16(4), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040434 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Previous research yielded inconsistent findings regarding whether manual lateralization (e.g., a distinct and consistent hand preference) affects manual performance during infancy and early childhood. The aim of the current study was to determine whether manual lateralization, viewed as a marker of hemispheric lateralization, [...] Read more.
Previous research yielded inconsistent findings regarding whether manual lateralization (e.g., a distinct and consistent hand preference) affects manual performance during infancy and early childhood. The aim of the current study was to determine whether manual lateralization, viewed as a marker of hemispheric lateralization, is associated with infants’ performance in role-differentiated bimanual manipulation (RDBM) and tool use. This longitudinal study assessed 158 typically developing infants (91 males, aged 9.13 ± 0.15 months at baseline) monthly during the 9–14-month period. Developmental trajectories for manual lateralization in object acquisition were related to those for RDBM and tool use, even after accounting for potential sex differences. All statistical analyses were conducted using Hierarchical Linear Modeling software (version 6). Advanced RDBM performance was associated with a lower magnitude of manual lateralization and a higher tendency among infants to use both hands for object acquisition. No significant relation was found between the magnitude of manual lateralization and tool-use performance. Thus, the current results highlight the importance of hand coupling for enhanced RDBM performance. Moreover, across all ages, females outperformed males in sophisticated RDBMs, possibly due to their less pronounced manual lateralization and a greater inclination towards bimanual object acquisition—factors that appear to facilitate RDBM performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry—Volume II)
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18 pages, 1869 KiB  
Article
Vascular Underpinnings of Cerebral Lateralisation in the Neonate
by Anica Jansen van Vuuren, Michael Saling, Sheryle Rogerson, Peter Anderson, Jeanie Cheong and Mark Solms
Symmetry 2024, 16(2), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16020161 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 684
Abstract
Traditionally, adult and neonatal cerebral perfusion have been presumed to be symmetrical. Contrary to this, our adult work shows that supra-aortic cerebral supply is systematically biased towards the left, in terms of both vessel geometry and blood flow volumes. Although this asymmetry is [...] Read more.
Traditionally, adult and neonatal cerebral perfusion have been presumed to be symmetrical. Contrary to this, our adult work shows that supra-aortic cerebral supply is systematically biased towards the left, in terms of both vessel geometry and blood flow volumes. Although this asymmetry is meaningfully related to hand preference, the developmental origins of this association remain unknown. Our detailed investigations of the cerebral vasculature confirm analogous asymmetries in term neonates. Specifically, we demonstrate that the structure and flow of neonatal middle cerebral vessels are consistently asymmetric and predominantly left-dominant. Building on our work from the same cohort, we now report further analyses of these new-found asymmetries. Namely, exploring for the first time, the relationship between arterial lateral biases and the neonatal head-turning response—a reliable early behavioural precursor of handedness that shows a systematic rightward bias in the population. Here, we demonstrate a contralateral relationship between vessel morphology and primitive expressions of lateralisation that predate the establishment of definitive handedness in the course of postnatal development. This relationship mimics patterns observed in adults and suggests that lateralising trends in angiogenesis may ultimately influence the emergence of human lateral preferences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry—Volume II)
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17 pages, 29543 KiB  
Article
Gait Deviations of the Uninvolved Limb and Their Significance in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
by Stefanos Tsitlakidis, Sarah Campos, Paul Mick, Julian Doll, Sébastien Hagmann, Tobias Renkawitz, Marco Götze and Pit Hetto
Symmetry 2023, 15(10), 1922; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101922 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 712
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of the impaired limb on the uninvolved side, which might influence the overall functional outcome in individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of this work was to perform an assessment considering the kinematics/joint moments and [...] Read more.
Little is known about the impact of the impaired limb on the uninvolved side, which might influence the overall functional outcome in individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of this work was to perform an assessment considering the kinematics/joint moments and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Eighty-nine individuals with unilateral CP were included and classified according to their functional impairment. Level-specific differences according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), including pelvic and trunk movements, were analyzed using instrumented 3D gait analysis (IGA). Anterior trunk and pelvic tilt, trunk lean/pelvic obliquity, pelvic internal rotation, hip adduction, and external hip rotation, as well as pronounced flexion (ankle dorsiflexion), at all joint levels were significant kinematic alterations. Concerning joint moments, the most remarkable alterations were hip and ankle flexion, hip abduction, knee varus/valgus, and transversal joint moments at all levels (external rotation moments in particular). The most remarkable differences between GMFCS levels were at proximal segments. The kinematics and joint moments of the sound limb in patients with unilateral CP differ significantly from those of healthy individuals—partially concomitant to those of the involved side or as motor strategies to compensate for transversal malalignment and leg-length discrepancies (LLDs). GRF showed almost identical patterns between GMFCS levels I and II, indicating an unloading of the involved limb. Compensatory motor strategies of the sound limb do not influence functional outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Asymmetry—Volume II)
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