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Symmetry
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Symmetry and Asymmetry in Communications Engineering Ⅱ
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Symmetry and Asymmetry in Communications Engineering Ⅱ

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 6497

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Octavian Fratu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: internet of things; mobile communications; wireless networks; communications security; radio propagation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Simona Halunga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: signal processing; internet of things; mobile communications; wireless systems; communications security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last couple of decades, communications engineering, both wired and wireless, as well as specialized applications developed for different purposes and facilities, have changed our daily lives. As the market requests are becoming more and more demanding, it is likely that this technological growth will continue for the next decade, and beyond. 5G and beyond communication systems and networks will enable a high capacity, increased rate, reduced delay, and low energy consumption, and provide better connection to multiple devices. The Internet of Things has become the Internet of Everything, with sensors that may be included in a large number of applications, from retail to healthcare, from finances to smart agriculture, and from vehicular electronics to space surveillance applications. The artificial intelligence and big data applications that are under development or are already offered to the market boost productivity and refine business processes, but one critical challenge is, still, the security and privacy of the devices that are interconnected or manipulated. New algorithms are developed for video and voice processing to advance augmented reality (AR) to mixed reality (MR) applications. All these applications have either symmetrical or asymmetrical approaches, and they have to be taken into consideration as a whole in order to choose the best combination both from a user and provider point of view.

This Special Issue invites researchers to submit original papers and review articles related, but not limited, to the following topics:

  • Communication systems, and wired and wireless networks;
  • Automation, artificial intelligence, and autonomous things;
  • Internet of Things and Internet of Everything;
  • Security and privacy in communication systems and networks;
  • Quantum cryptography;
  • Communication theory, modulation and coding;
  • Signal processing;
  • Video and image processing;
  • Multimedia communications;
  • Satellite and space communications;
  • Antenna, propagation, and high frequency systems;
  • Computer networks and applications;
  • Electromagnetic compatibility;
  • Simulation and measurement techniques in electronics and telecommunications;
  • Vehicular electronics and applications;
  • Natural language and speech processing;
  • Electronic systems development and design;
  • Agriculture, aquaculture, and Industry 4.0 applications;
  • Optical communications and applications.

Prof. Dr. Octavian Fratu
Prof. Dr. Simona Halunga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2041 KiB  
Article
Quality of Service Based Radio Resources Scheduling for 5G eMBB Use Case
by Ahmed M. Nor, Octavian Fratu and Simona Halunga
Symmetry 2022, 14(10), 2193; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102193 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1398
Abstract
Several use cases appear with 5G and beyond networks such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), where ultra-high data rates and low-latency connections become essential demands for asymmetric services, e.g., 8K video streaming and virtual reality (VR). The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band can be a [...] Read more.
Several use cases appear with 5G and beyond networks such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), where ultra-high data rates and low-latency connections become essential demands for asymmetric services, e.g., 8K video streaming and virtual reality (VR). The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band can be a promising player to handle these applications under the condition of efficient implementation of radio resource management (RRM) schemes, which distribute resources among user equipment (UEs) in the network. Firstly, mmWave UE channels are highly affected by the distance between the access point (AP) and UEs. Secondly, static and dynamic obstacles can easily block the AP-UE line-of-sight (LOS) link; hence, it highly attenuates mmWave signals. Moreover, eMBB applications lack symmetry in their data rate requirements, from 75 Mbps up to 300 Mbps; consequently, UE quality of service (QoS) should be considered in designing RRM schemes. In this paper, we study possible scheduling schemes that can be implemented for the 5G eMBB use case. Moreover, we propose a new demand-based proportional fairness (DPF) scheduling algorithm that first depends on both UE channel conditions and quality-of-service demands, then, if certain UEs reach the requirement, the algorithm prioritizes it only based on their channel quality. Furthermore, in this work, we consider a real model to simulate the effect of blockage occurrence on the performance of scheduling schemes. Results prove that the proposed DPF scheduling scheme outperforms conventional algorithms in terms of UE satisfaction while maintaining high total system throughput and fairness among UEs. For example, assuming blockage occurrence with 16 and 32 UEs, it guarantees satisfaction for more than 99% and 60% of UEs and, at the same time, obtains 3.29 and 4.24 Gbps system throughput and maintains fairness between UEs at 0.99 and 0.82, respectively. In contrast, conventional proportional fairness highly degrades satisfaction to only 74% and 30% to achieve total throughput equal to 3.1 and 4.3 Gbps, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Communications Engineering Ⅱ)
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17 pages, 2432 KiB  
Article
A Method for the Design of Bicomplex Orthogonal DSP Algorithms for Applications in Intelligent Radio Access Networks
by Zlatka Valkova-Jarvis, Vladimir Poulkov, Viktor Stoynov, Dimitriya Mihaylova and Georgi Iliev
Symmetry 2022, 14(3), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14030613 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
In this paper, a new method for designing orthogonal bicomplex digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms is developed. In contrast to those previously reported on, the method proposed is universal, since it is not affected by the order or the type of the real [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new method for designing orthogonal bicomplex digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms is developed. In contrast to those previously reported on, the method proposed is universal, since it is not affected by the order or the type of the real digital processing algorithm employed as a prototype. The method is based on a transformation starting with either real or complex orthogonal DSP algorithms represented in the z-domain, and transforming them into orthogonal bicomplex algorithms. The proposed new method is applied in the design of bilinear orthogonal bicomplex DSP systems with a canonical number of elements, the main advantage of which is that the order of the digital system is reduced by a factor of four. As well as being canonical, the orthogonal bicomplex digital systems are also symmetrical structures, as a result of which they offer parallelism and subsequent unification. It is experimentally shown that bicomplex orthogonal DSP algorithms acquire the properties of the initial algorithm prototype, irrespective of whether it is real or complex. Since the new design method is universally applicable, it can be used to develop bicomplex orthogonal digital algorithms of any order and type. Being simple, canonical, and symmetrical—and, thus, leading to lower equipment cost, reduced complexity, and higher energy efficiency—these structures may well be appropriate for the enhancement of the implementation of intelligent algorithms in next-generation radio access networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Communications Engineering Ⅱ)
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Review

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24 pages, 1727 KiB  
Review
Ultra-Dense Networks: Taxonomy and Key Performance Indicators
by Viktor Stoynov, Vladimir Poulkov, Zlatka Valkova-Jarvis, Georgi Iliev and Pavlina Koleva
Symmetry 2023, 15(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010002 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2257
Abstract
One major influence on the future deployment of cellular networks will be a continuous increase in traffic inside mobile broadband systems. Moreover, traditional macrocell-based mobile communication networks will struggle to keep up with the enormous expansion in the demand for communications services in [...] Read more.
One major influence on the future deployment of cellular networks will be a continuous increase in traffic inside mobile broadband systems. Moreover, traditional macrocell-based mobile communication networks will struggle to keep up with the enormous expansion in the demand for communications services in the future. Densification of networks is required if we are to meet the comprehensive needs for end terminals for a wide range of applications. One of the leading concepts in this competitive environment is the Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) where the access nodes and/or the communication links per unit area are densified, with the aim of improving overall network performance. The location of the UDN nodes meets the criteria for symmetry with a high probability. Ultra-dense cell deployment aims to reduce the physical distance between the transmitter and receiver in order to boost system performance and generally optimize the values of a wide variety of key performance indicators (KPIs). This paper aims to provide a taxonomy of UDNs and specifically of UDN-related KPIs. Initially, we address the complex questions “What is the current understanding of what ultra-dense networks are and what they should be, and how can we measure their performance?” by shedding light on the fundamental characteristics of UDNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Communications Engineering Ⅱ)
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