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Symmetry
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Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference...
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Special Issue "Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry"

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12013

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Guendelman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
Interests: gravity; cosmology; particle physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Thomas Curtright
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Miami
Interests: particle physics; super symmetry; gravity; wormholes; massive gravity; string theory, membrane theory
Prof. Dr. Raz Zarivach

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
Interests: structural biology; chemistry; interactions and basic biological functions governed by the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules
Prof. Dr. Sergei D. Odintsov

grade E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
ICREA, P. Lluis Companyas 23, 08010 Barcelona and Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), C. Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: cosmology; dark energy and inflation; quantum gravity; modified gravity and beyond general relativity; quantum fields at external fields
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Participants of this conference are cordially invited to contribute a full manuscript to our Special Issue "Selected Papers: Symmetry 2020—The Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry" in the journal Symmetry.

We would like to select a number of lectures from the conference to contribute to this Special Issue in the journal symmetry. Among these, five papers will be seleted to be free of charge, while all other selected contributions will have a 20% discount on the on the publication fees. The Special Issue will have representation from all the disciplines participating in the conference where the notion of symmetry plays an important role. Special attention will be paid to interdiciplinary contributions.

This themed collection will be closely aligned with the scope of the event. The submission deadline for this Special Issue is 31 August 2022.

Symmetry is indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), MathSciNet (AMS), Scopus and other databases, and has an Impact Factor of 2.713 and a 5-Year Impact Factor of 2.612.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Guendelman
Prof. Dr. Thomas Curtright
Prof. Dr. Raz Zarivach
Prof. Dr. Sergei D. Odintsov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Symmetry
  • Cosmology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Mathematics
  • Groups
  • Macromolecules
  • Scale invariance.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Dependence Relations and Grade Fuzzy Set
by
Alessandro Linzi
and
Irina Cristea
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020311 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 839
Abstract
With the aim of developing the recent theory of dependence relations, we elaborate a procedure to measure the strength of the influence of an element on another with respect to a given dependence relation on a finite set. We call this measure the [...] Read more.
With the aim of developing the recent theory of dependence relations, we elaborate a procedure to measure the strength of the influence of an element on another with respect to a given dependence relation on a finite set. We call this measure the degree of influence. Its definition is based on a partial hyperoperation and a directed graph which we associate with any dependence relation. We compute the degree of influence in various examples and prove some general properties. Among these properties, we find symmetries that have the potential to be applied in the realization of effective algorithms for the computations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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18 pages, 2147 KiB  
Article
An Optimization Model of Integrated AGVs Scheduling and Container Storage Problems for Automated Container Terminal Considering Uncertainty
by
Wentao Jian
,
Jishuang Zhu
and
Qingcheng Zeng
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1904; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101904 - 09 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1660
Abstract
The running path of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the automated terminal is affected by the storage location of containers and the running time caused by congestion, deadlock and other problems during the driving process is uncertain. In this paper, considering the different [...] Read more.
The running path of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the automated terminal is affected by the storage location of containers and the running time caused by congestion, deadlock and other problems during the driving process is uncertain. In this paper, considering the different AGVs congestion conditions along the path, a symmetric triangular fuzzy number is used to describe the AGVs operation time distribution and a multi-objective scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the risk of quay cranes (QCs) delay and the shortest AGVs operation time. An improved genetic algorithm was designed to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm by comparing the results of the AGVs scheduling and container storage optimization model based on fixed congestion coefficient under different example sizes. The results show that considering the AGVs task allocation and container storage location allocation optimization scheme with uncertain running time can reduce the delay risk of QCs, reduce the maximum completion time and have important significance for improving the loading and unloading efficiency of the automated terminal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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9 pages, 894 KiB  
Article
On the Importance of Asymmetry in the Phenotypic Expression of the Genetic Code upon the Molecular Evolution of Proteins
by
Marco V. José
and
Gabriel S. Zamudio
Symmetry 2020, 12(6), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060997 - 11 Jun 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2406
Abstract
The standard genetic code (SGC) is a mapping between the 64 possible arrangements of the four RNA nucleotides (C, A, U, G) into triplets or codons, where 61 codons are assigned to a specific amino acid and the other three are stop codons [...] Read more.
The standard genetic code (SGC) is a mapping between the 64 possible arrangements of the four RNA nucleotides (C, A, U, G) into triplets or codons, where 61 codons are assigned to a specific amino acid and the other three are stop codons for terminating protein synthesis. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are responsible for implementing the SGC by specifically amino-acylating only its cognate transfer RNA (tRNA), thereby linking an amino acid with its corresponding anticodon triplets. tRNAs molecules bind each codon with its anticodon. To understand the meaning of symmetrical/asymmetrical properties of the SGC, we designed synthetic genetic codes with known symmetries and with the same degeneracy of the SGC. We determined their impact on the substitution rates for each amino acid under a neutral model of protein evolution. We prove that the phenotypic graphs of the SGC for codons and anticodons for all the possible arrangements of nucleotides are asymmetric and the amino acids do not form orbits. In the symmetrical synthetic codes, the amino acids are grouped according to their codonicity, this is the number of triplets encoding a given amino acid. Both the SGC and symmetrical synthetic codes exhibit a probability of occurrence of the amino acids proportional to their degeneracy. Unlike the SGC, the synthetic codes display a constant probability of occurrence of the amino acid according to their codonicity. The asymmetry of the phenotypic graphs of codons and anticodons of the SGC, has important implications on the evolutionary processes of proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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22 pages, 4540 KiB  
Article
Parametric Model for Kitchen Product Based on Cubic T-Bézier Curves with Symmetry
by
Xin Sun
and
Xiaomin Ji
Symmetry 2020, 12(4), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040505 - 01 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2407
Abstract
The parametric method of product design is a pivotal and practical technique in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and used in many manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we presented a novel parametric method to design a kitchen product in the residential environment, a [...] Read more.
The parametric method of product design is a pivotal and practical technique in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and used in many manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we presented a novel parametric method to design a kitchen product in the residential environment, a kitchen cabinet, by using cubic T-Bézier curves with constraints of geometric continuities. First, we introduced a class of cubic T-Bézier curves with two shape parameters and derived the G1 and G2 continuity conditions of the cubic T-Bézier curves. Then, we constructed shape-controlled complex contour curves of the kitchen cabinet by using closed composite cubic T-Bézier curves. The shapes of the contour curves can be adjusted intuitively and predictably by altering the values of the shape parameters. Finally, we studied shape optimization and representation of ellipses for the contour curves of the kitchen cabinet by finding optimal shape parameters and applicable control points respectively. The provided modeling examples showed that our method in this paper can improve the design and scheme adjustment effectively in the conceptual design stage of kitchen products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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Review

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40 pages, 928 KiB  
Review
Superconductors and Gravity
by
Antonio Gallerati
and
Giovanni Alberto Ummarino
Symmetry 2022, 14(3), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14030554 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2824
Abstract
We review and discuss some recent developments on the unconventional interaction between superconducting systems and the local gravitational field. While it is known that gravitational perturbations (such as gravitational waves) can affect supercondensates and supercurrents dynamics, we want to focus here on the [...] Read more.
We review and discuss some recent developments on the unconventional interaction between superconducting systems and the local gravitational field. While it is known that gravitational perturbations (such as gravitational waves) can affect supercondensates and supercurrents dynamics, we want to focus here on the more subtle superfluid back-reaction acting on the surrounding gravitational field, analysing some specific favourable situations. To this end, we will consider suitable quantum macrosystems in a coherent state, immersed in the static weak Earth’s gravitational field, investigating possible slight local alterations of the latter not explained in terms of classical physics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2021—the Third Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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