Editorial

4 pages, 170 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspects of Engineering

by Rahmat Ellahi, Sadiq M. Sait and Huijin Xu

Symmetry 2021, 13(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050811 - 06 May 2021

Viewed by 1132

This special issue took this opportunity to invite researchers to contribute their latest original research findings, review articles, and short communications on advances in the state of the art of mathematical methods, theoretical studies, or experimental studies that extend the bounds of existing [...] Read more.

This special issue took this opportunity to invite researchers to contribute their latest original research findings, review articles, and short communications on advances in the state of the art of mathematical methods, theoretical studies, or experimental studies that extend the bounds of existing methodologies to new contributions addressing current challenges and engineering problems on “Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspects of Engineering” to be published in Symmetry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering)

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19 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Convective Heat/Mass Transfer Analysis on Johnson-Segalman Fluid in a Symmetric Curved Channel with Peristalsis: Engineering Applications

by Humaira Yasmin, Naveed Iqbal and Aiesha Hussain

Symmetry 2020, 12(9), 1475; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091475 - 08 Sep 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1974

Abstract

The peristaltic flow of Johnson–Segalman fluid in a symmetric curved channel with convective conditions and flexible walls is addressed in this article. The channel walls are considered to be compliant. The main objective of this article is to discuss the effects of curvilinear [...] Read more.

The peristaltic flow of Johnson–Segalman fluid in a symmetric curved channel with convective conditions and flexible walls is addressed in this article. The channel walls are considered to be compliant. The main objective of this article is to discuss the effects of curvilinear of the channel and heat/mass convection through boundary conditions. The constitutive equations for Johnson–Segalman fluid are modeled and analyzed under lubrication approach. The stream function, temperature, and concentration profiles are derived. The analytical solutions are obtained by using regular perturbation method for significant number, named as Weissenberg number. The influence of the parameter values on the physical level of interest is outlined and discussed. Comparison is made between Jhonson-Segalman and Newtonian fluid. It is concluded that the axial velocity of Jhonson-Segalman fluid is substantially higher than that of Newtonian fluid. Full article

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16 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hydrodynamics Interactions of Metachronal Waves on Particulate-Liquid Motion through a Ciliated Annulus: Application of Bio-Engineering in Blood Clotting and Endoscopy

by Muhammad Mubashir Bhatti, Asmaa F. Elelamy, Sadiq M. Sait and Rahmat Ellahi

Symmetry 2020, 12(4), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040532 - 03 Apr 2020

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 2640

Abstract

This study deals with the mass transport phenomena on the particle-fluid motion through an annulus. The non-Newtonian fluid propagates through a ciliated annulus in the presence of two phenomenon, namely (i) endoscopy, and (ii) blood clot. The outer tube is ciliated. To examine [...] Read more.

This study deals with the mass transport phenomena on the particle-fluid motion through an annulus. The non-Newtonian fluid propagates through a ciliated annulus in the presence of two phenomenon, namely (i) endoscopy, and (ii) blood clot. The outer tube is ciliated. To examine the flow behavior we consider the bi-viscosity fluid model. The mathematical modeling has been formulated for small Reynolds number to examine the inertia free flow. The purpose of this assumption is that wavelength-to-diameter is maximal, and the pressure could be considerably uniform throughout the entire cross-section. The resulting equations are analytically solved, and exact solutions are given for particle- and fluid-phase profiles. Computational software Mathematica has been used to evaluate both the closed-form and numerical results. The graphical behavior across each parameter has been discussed in detail and presented with graphs. The trapping mechanism is also shown across each parameter. It is noticed clearly that particle volume fraction and the blood clot reveal converse behavior on fluid velocity; however, the velocity of the fluid reduced significantly when the fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid. Schmidt and Soret numbers enhance the concentration mechanism. Furthermore, more pressure is required to pass the fluid when the blood clot appears. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering)

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18 pages, 821 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Finite-Time Control for Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying Delay and Exogenous Disturbance

by Yanli Ruan and Tianmin Huang

Symmetry 2020, 12(3), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030447 - 11 Mar 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2434

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time control for nonlinear systems with time-varying delay and exogenous disturbance, which can be represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. First, by constructing a novel augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional involving several symmetric positive definite matrices, [...] Read more.

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time control for nonlinear systems with time-varying delay and exogenous disturbance, which can be represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. First, by constructing a novel augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional involving several symmetric positive definite matrices, a new delay-dependent finite-time boundedness criterion is established for the considered T-S fuzzy time-delay system by employing an improved reciprocally convex combination inequality. Then, a memory state feedback controller is designed to guarantee the finite-time boundness of the closed-loop T-S fuzzy time-delay system, which is in the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness and merits of the proposed results are shown by a numerical example. Full article

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15 pages, 1767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis Exploring the Uniformity of Flow Distribution in Multi-Channels for the Application of Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers

by Hanbing Ke, Yuansheng Lin, Zhiwu Ke, Qi Xiao, Zhiguo Wei, Kai Chen and Huijin Xu

Symmetry 2020, 12(2), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020314 - 22 Feb 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3074

Abstract

The maldistribution of fluid flow through multi-channels is a critical issue encountered in many areas, such as multi-channel heat exchangers, electronic device cooling, refrigeration and cryogenic devices, air separation and the petrochemical industry. In this paper, the uniformity of flow distribution in a [...] Read more.

The maldistribution of fluid flow through multi-channels is a critical issue encountered in many areas, such as multi-channel heat exchangers, electronic device cooling, refrigeration and cryogenic devices, air separation and the petrochemical industry. In this paper, the uniformity of flow distribution in a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is investigated. The flow distribution and resistance characteristics of a PCHE plate are studied with numerical models under different flow distribution cases. The results show that the sudden change in the angle of the fluid at the inlet of the channel can be greatly reduced by using a spreader plate with an equal inner and outer radius. The flow separation of the fluid at the inlet of the channel can also be weakened and the imbalance of flow distribution in the channel can be reduced. Therefore, the flow uniformity can be improved and the pressure loss between the inlet and outlet of PCHEs can be reduced. The flow maldistribution in each PCHE channel can be reduced to ± 0.2%, and the average flow maldistribution in all PCHE channels can be reduced to less than 5% when the number of manifolds reaches nine. The numerical simulation of fluid flow distribution can provide guidance for the subsequent research and the design and development of multi-channel heat exchangers. In summary, the symmetry of the fluid flow in multi-channels for PCHE was analyzed in this work. This work presents the frequently encountered problem of maldistribution of fluid flow in engineering, and the performance promotion leads to symmetrical aspects in both the structure and the physical process. Full article

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15 pages, 962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mathematical Analysis on an Asymmetrical Wavy Motion of Blood under the Influence Entropy Generation with Convective Boundary Conditions

by Arshad Riaz, Muhammad Mubashir Bhatti, Rahmat Ellahi, Ahmed Zeeshan and Sadiq M. Sait

Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010102 - 06 Jan 2020

Cited by 50 | Viewed by 3332

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the entropy generation on the asymmetric peristaltic propulsion of non-Newtonian fluid with convective boundary conditions. The Williamson fluid model is considered for the analysis of flow properties. The current fluid model has the ability to reveal Newtonian and [...] Read more.

In this article, we discuss the entropy generation on the asymmetric peristaltic propulsion of non-Newtonian fluid with convective boundary conditions. The Williamson fluid model is considered for the analysis of flow properties. The current fluid model has the ability to reveal Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior. The present model is formulated via momentum, entropy, and energy equations, under the approximation of small Reynolds number and long wavelength of the peristaltic wave. A regular perturbation scheme is employed to obtain the series solutions up to third-order approximation. All the leading parameters are discussed with the help of graphs for entropy and temperature profiles. The irreversibility process is also discussed with the help of Bejan number. Streamlines are plotted to examine the trapping phenomena. Results obtained provide an excellent benchmark for further study on the entropy production with mass transfer and peristaltic pumping mechanism. Full article

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11 pages, 1335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serious Solutions for Unsteady Axisymmetric Flow over a Rotating Stretchable Disk with Deceleration

by Muhammad Adil Sadiq

Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010096 - 03 Jan 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

In this article, the author has examined the unsteady flow over a rotating stretchable disk with deceleration. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations of viscous fluid are simplified by existing similarity transformation. Reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by homotopy analysis method [...] Read more.

In this article, the author has examined the unsteady flow over a rotating stretchable disk with deceleration. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations of viscous fluid are simplified by existing similarity transformation. Reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of HAM solutions is also obtained. A comparison table between analytical solutions and numerical solutions is also presented. Finally, the results for useful parameters, i.e., disk stretching parameters and unsteadiness parameters, are found. Full article

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18 pages, 4645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Theoretical Analysis for Mixed Convection Flow of Maxwell Fluid between Two Infinite Isothermal Stretching Disks with Heat Source/Sink

by Nargis Khan, Hossam A. Nabwey, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi, Sami Ullah Khan and Iskander Tlili

Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010062 - 27 Dec 2019

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

The aim of this current contribution is to examine the rheological significance of Maxwell fluid configured between two isothermal stretching disks. The energy equation is also extended by evaluating the heat source and sink features. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted [...] Read more.

The aim of this current contribution is to examine the rheological significance of Maxwell fluid configured between two isothermal stretching disks. The energy equation is also extended by evaluating the heat source and sink features. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using appropriate variables. An analytically-based technique is adopted to compute the series solution of the dimensionless flow problem. The convergence of this series solution is carefully ensured. The physical interpretation of important physical parameters like the Hartmann number, Prandtl number, Archimedes number, Eckert number, heat source/sink parameter and the activation energy parameter are presented for velocity, pressure and temperature profiles. The numerical values of different involved parameters for skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are expressed in tabular and graphical forms. Moreover, the significance of an important parameter, namely Frank-Kamenetskii, is presented both in tabular and graphical form. This particular study reveals that both axial and radial velocity components decrease by increasing the Frank–Kamenetskii number and stretching the ratio parameter. The pressure distribution is enhanced with an increasing Frank–Kamenetskii number and stretching ratio parameter. It is also observed that thetemperature distribution increases with the increasing Hartmann number, Eckert number and Archimedes number. Full article

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18 pages, 4957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Keller-Box Analysis of Buongiorno Model with Brownian and Thermophoretic Diffusion for Casson Nanofluid over an Inclined Surface

by Khuram Rafique, Muhammad Imran Anwar, Masnita Misiran, Ilyas Khan, Sayer O. Alharbi, Phatiphat Thounthong and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

Symmetry 2019, 11(11), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11111370 - 05 Nov 2019

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2254

Abstract

The key objective of the study under concern is to probe the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion on Casson nanofluid boundary layer flow over a nonlinear inclined stretching sheet, with the effect of convective boundaries and thermal radiations. Nonlinear ordinary differential [...] Read more.

The key objective of the study under concern is to probe the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion on Casson nanofluid boundary layer flow over a nonlinear inclined stretching sheet, with the effect of convective boundaries and thermal radiations. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained from governing nonlinear partial differential equations by using compatible similarity transformations. The quantities associated with engineering aspects, such as skin friction, Sherwood number, and heat exchange along with various impacts of material factors on the momentum, temperature, and concentration, are elucidated and clarified with diagrams. The numerical solution of the present study is obtained via the Keller-box technique and in limiting sense are reduced to the published results for accuracy purpose. Full article

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15 pages, 3191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy

by Mir Asma, W.A.M. Othman, Taseer Muhammad, Fouad Mallawi and B.R. Wong

Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101282 - 14 Oct 2019

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 2923

Abstract

This article examines magnetohydrodynamic 3D nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk subject to Arrhenius activation energy and heat generation/absorption. Flow is created due to a rotating disk. Velocity, temperature and concentration slips at the surface of the rotating disk are considered. Effects [...] Read more.

This article examines magnetohydrodynamic 3D nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk subject to Arrhenius activation energy and heat generation/absorption. Flow is created due to a rotating disk. Velocity, temperature and concentration slips at the surface of the rotating disk are considered. Effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are also accounted. The nonlinear expressions have been deduced by transformation procedure. Shooting technique is used to construct the numerical solution of governing system. Plots are organized just to investigate how velocities, temperature and concentration are influenced by various emerging flow parameters. Skin-friction Local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also plotted and analyzed. In addition, a symmetry is noticed for both components of velocity when Hartman number enhances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering)

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