Symmetry in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion—Dedicated to 100th Anniversary of Birth of N. G. Basov

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2403

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninskii Prospekt, 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: plasma physics; controlled fusion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician Nikolai G. Basov, the Nobel Prize winner for the development of fundamental principles of masers and lasers. He was also the ideologue and inspirer of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), based on a thermonuclear (TN) reaction in a mixture of deuterium and tritium (DT) in a spherical target irradiated by a high-power laser. He initiated ICF research in the Division of Quantum Radiophysics headed by him at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute and published pioneer results in this field 50 years ago.

The past year has been marked by an outstanding achievement: The NIF installation at the LLNL (USA) demonstrated thermonuclear burning and near breakeven microexplosion energy very close to the expended laser energy. The symmetry of a TN target itself, irradiation symmetry and a symmetric implosion with minimal hydrodynamic instabilities were the key topics of this success. In the next step, the most energetically efficient ICF layouts should be discovered, efficient and reliable rep-rate laser drivers operating at 5-10 Hz should be developed, smooth cryogenic DT targets should be mass produced, and material studies should be carried out for laser optics and TN reactor walls with high resistance to ionizing radiation, etc., to verify the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant for electricity production with an economically attractive cost. At present, a huge amount of scientific and technical resources of many countries are being collated to achieve this ambitious goal.

We are soliciting contributions in the form of research and review articles covering a broad range of topics on ICF (IFE) physics and technology, including (but not limited to) the following:

  • Advanced ICF concepts and architecture;
  • Short wavelength, efficient and rep-rate laser drivers, i.e., diode-pumped solid-state, KrF (ArF), etc.;
  • ICF target design and development;
  • The mass production of cryogenic ICF targets;
  • Diagnostic tools for laser–target interaction studies;
  • Laser–plasma interaction, plasma instabilities, and extra-thermal electron generation;
  • ICF target implosion hydrodynamics and turbulent mixing;
  • Numerical modeling of the ICF laser–target interaction and related plasma phenomena;
  • Material studies for ICF drivers and TN reactor chamber.

Dr. Vladimir D. Zvorykin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • inertial confinement fusion
  • laser drivers
  • targets design and mass production
  • laser–target diagnostics, experiments and numerical modeling
  • materials for drivers and reactor chamber

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5812 KiB  
Article
Explosion and Dynamic Transparency of Low-Density Structured Polymeric Targets Irradiated by a Long-Pulse KrF Laser
by Vladimir D. Zvorykin, Natalia G. Borisenko, Kirill S. Pervakov, Alexey V. Shutov and Nikolay N. Ustinovskii
Symmetry 2023, 15(9), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15091688 - 02 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 631
Abstract
The hydrodynamics of plasma formed in the interaction of 100 ns UV KrF laser pulses with foam targets with volume densities from 5 to 500 mg/cm3 was studied. Initial and dynamic transmittance at 248 nm wavelength were measured. At intensities of about [...] Read more.
The hydrodynamics of plasma formed in the interaction of 100 ns UV KrF laser pulses with foam targets with volume densities from 5 to 500 mg/cm3 was studied. Initial and dynamic transmittance at 248 nm wavelength were measured. At intensities of about 1012 W/cm2, the propagation rates of radiation through foam targets reached 80 km/s, while plasma stream velocities from both the front and rear sides of targets were approximately the same, ~ 75 km/s, which confirms a volumetric absorption of radiation within the target thickness and the explosive nature of the plasma formation and expansion. Full article
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9 pages, 1287 KiB  
Article
Estimation of the FST-Layering Time for Shock Ignition ICF Targets
by Irina Aleksandrova and Elena Koresheva
Symmetry 2022, 14(7), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071322 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1037
Abstract
The challenge in the field of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research is related to the study of alternative schemes for fuel ignition on laser systems of medium and megajoule scales. At the moment, it is considered promising to use the method of shock [...] Read more.
The challenge in the field of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research is related to the study of alternative schemes for fuel ignition on laser systems of medium and megajoule scales. At the moment, it is considered promising to use the method of shock ignition of fuel in a pre-compressed cryogenic target using a focused shock wave (shock- or self-ignition (SI) mode). To confirm the applicability of this scheme to ICF, it is necessary to develop technologies for mass-fabrication of the corresponding targets with a spherically symmetric cryogenic layer (hereinafter referred to as SI-targets). These targets have a low initial aspect ratio Acl (Acl = 3 and Acl = 5) because they are expected to be more hydrodynamically stable during implosion. The paper discusses the preparation of SI-targets for laser experiments using the free-standing target (FST) layering method developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI). It is shown that, based on FST, it is possible to build a prototype layering module for in-line production of free-standing SI-targets, and the layering time, τform, does not exceed 30 s both for deuterium and deuterium-tritium fuel. Very short values of τform make it possible to obtain layers with a stable isotropic fuel structure to meet the requirements of implosion physics. Full article
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