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A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3899

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonia Di Crescenzo

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Guest Editor

National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Napoli, 70 00186 Naples, Italy
Interests: dark sector searches; neutrinos

Prof. Dr. Giuliana Galati

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Guest Editor

Department of Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Puglia, Italy
Interests: nuclear physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neutrinos are the most elusive, abundant, and intriguing particles in the universe. Since their theoretical prediction in 1930, their study has represented an active research field. Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent decades, however, their nature remains to be fully understood, and challenging questions are still open, such as the symmetry of neutrino masses, neutrino mass scale with respect to other elementary particles, mass hierarchy, Dirac or Majorana particle nature, and violation of CP symmetry in the leptonic sector. The answer to those questions may open a window beyond the Standard Model, with a relevant impact on physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

The goal of this Special Issue is to share and discuss various aspects of neutrino physics, stimulating advances in knowledge, strategies, and prospects for the future. Special focus is given to the most recent achievements and possible future developments from both the theoretical and experimental fronts. Original research and review articles on neutrino physics are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Antonia Di Crescenzo
Prof. Dr. Giuliana Galati
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

neutrino mixing and oscillations
neutrino masses
majorana neutrinos
solar neutrinos
tmospheric neutrinos
reactor neutrinos
accelerator neutrinos
geoneutrinos
neutrinos in cosmology
astrophysical neutrinos
cosmic neutrino background

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SND@LHC: A New Experiment in Neutrino Physics at the LHC

by Antonia Di Crescenzo and Giuliana Galati

Symmetry 2023, 15(6), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061256 - 14 Jun 2023

Viewed by 858

Abstract

The SND@LHC detector experiment is located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), about 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point. The detector is designed to measure, for the first time ever, high-energy neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudorapidity region of [...] Read more.

7.2 < η < 8.4

, which is inaccessible to other LHC experiments. The detector comprises a hybrid system that incorporates multiple components. The detector includes a 830 kg target composed of tungsten plates arranged in alternating layers with nuclear emulsion and electronic trackers: this arrangement functions as an electromagnetic calorimeter. Following the electromagnetic calorimeter, there is a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector possesses the ability to differentiate interactions involving all three neutrino flavours, enabling investigations into the physics of heavy flavour production in the forward region. This research is particularly significant for future circular colliders and high-energy astrophysical neutrino experiments. Furthermore, the detector has the ability to search for the scattering of Feebly Interacting Particles. The detector started operating during the LHC Run 3, and it collected a total of ∼39 fb

^{- 1}

in 2022. The detector aims to collect approximately 250 fb

^{- 1}

in the whole of Run 3. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Neutrino Physics: Theory and Experiments)

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34 pages, 2147 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

MeV, GeV and TeV Neutrinos from Binary-Driven Hypernovae

by S. Campion, J. D. Uribe-Suárez, J. D. Melon Fuksman and J. A. Rueda

Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020412 - 03 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1368

Abstract

We analyze neutrino emission channels in energetic (

≳ 10^{52}

We analyze neutrino emission channels in energetic (

≳ 10^{52}

erg) long gamma-ray bursts within the binary-driven hypernova model. The binary-driven hypernova progenitor is a binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen star and a neutron star (NS) companion. The gravitational collapse leads to a type Ic supernova (SN) explosion and triggers an accretion process onto the NS. For orbital periods of a few minutes, the NS reaches the critical mass and forms a black hole (BH). Two physical situations produce MeV neutrinos. First, during the accretion, the NS surface emits neutrino–antineutrino pairs by thermal production. We calculate the properties of such a neutrino emission, including flavor evolution. Second, if the angular momentum of the SN ejecta is high enough, an accretion disk might form around the BH. The disk’s high density and temperature are ideal for MeV-neutrino production. We estimate the flavor evolution of electron and non-electron neutrinos and find that neutrino oscillation inside the disk leads to flavor equipartition. This effect reduces (compared to assuming frozen flavor content) the energy deposition rate of neutrino–antineutrino annihilation into electron–positron (

e^{+} e^{-}

) pairs in the BH vicinity. We then analyze the production of GeV-TeV neutrinos around the newborn black hole. The magnetic field surrounding the BH interacts with the BH gravitomagnetic field producing an electric field that leads to spontaneous

e^{+} e^{-}

pairs by vacuum breakdown. The

e^{+} e^{-}

plasma self-accelerates due to its internal pressure and engulfs protons during the expansion. The hadronic interaction of the protons in the expanding plasma with the ambient protons leads to neutrino emission via the decay chain of

π

-meson and

μ

-lepton, around and far from the black hole, along different directions. These neutrinos have energies in the GeV-TeV regime, and we calculate their spectrum and luminosity. We also outline the detection probability by some current and future neutrino detectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Neutrino Physics: Theory and Experiments)

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15 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Zero Textures Based on A₄ Symmetry and Unimodular Mixing Matrix

by Neda Razzaghi, Seyed Meraj Mousavi Rasouli, Paulo Parada and Paulo Moniz

Symmetry 2022, 14(11), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112410 - 14 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1050

Abstract

We propose a phenomenological model of two-zeros Majorana neutrino mass matrix based on the

A_{4}

symmetry, where the structure of mixing matrix is a unimodular second scheme of trimaximal

T M_{2}

, and the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. We [...] Read more.

We propose a phenomenological model of two-zeros Majorana neutrino mass matrix based on the

A_{4}

symmetry, where the structure of mixing matrix is a unimodular second scheme of trimaximal

T M_{2}

, and the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. We show that, among seven possible two-zero textures with

A_{4}

symmetry, only two textures, namely the texture with

M_{e e} = 0

and

M_{e μ} = 0

and its permutation, are acceptable in the non-perturbation method, since the results associated with these two textures are consistent with the experimental data. We obtain a unique relation between our phases, namely

ρ + σ = ϕ \pm π

, and an effective equation

{sin}^{2} θ_{13} = \frac{2}{3} R_{ν}

where

R_{ν} = \frac{δ m^{2}}{Δ m^{2}}

. Then, only by using the experimental ranges of

R_{ν}

, we obtain the allowable range of the unknown parameter

ϕ

as the phase of

T M_{2}

mixing matrix, which leads to obtaining not only the ranges of all neutrino oscillation parameters of the model (which agree well with experimental data) but also with the masses of neutrinos, the Dirac and Majorana phases and the Jarlskog parameter, and to predict the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. Finally, we show that all the predictions regarding our two specific textures agree with the corresponding data reported from neutrino oscillation, cosmic microwave background and neutrinoless double beta decay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Neutrino Physics: Theory and Experiments)

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