Advances in Metallic Material and Symmetry/Asymmetry

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 4823

Special Issue Editors

Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 Karl Marx st., 450097 Ufa, Russia
Interests: aluminum alloys; electrical conductivity; mechanical properties; structural characterization; electron microscopy; atom probe tomography; metals; alloys; nanostructured materials
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: quantum materials; single crystal and thin film synthesis; structure/magnetic/electronic properties characterization and modulation; fundamental behaviors of solidification and crystallization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Symmetry is a basic feature of metallic materials. The properties and behavior of materials used in engineering systems daily correlate with the symmetry concept, being determined by the symmetry features on many levels of microstructure, from point defects to texture. The intentional use of symmetrical and/or asymmetrical structures in mechanical engineering, materials science, solid materials, as well as in many other fields of application allows progress in the use of functional materials today.

This Special Issue invites researchers to submit original research papers related to materials science, mechanical engineering, and various applications of metallic materials in a crystalline and also noncrystalline state where theoretical or practical issues of symmetry are considered.

Dr. Andrey E. Medvedev
Dr. Lunyong Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crystal symmetry
  • crystallographic symmetry
  • texture symmetry
  • deformation twins
  • symmetry breaking
  • quasicrystals
  • crystallography
  • noncrystalline

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 9327 KiB  
Article
Symmetry Analysis in Wire Arc Direct Energy Deposition for Overlapping and Oscillatory Strategies in Mild Steel
by Virginia Uralde, Fernando Veiga, Alfredo Suarez, Eider Aldalur and Tomas Ballesteros
Symmetry 2023, 15(6), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061231 - 09 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 868
Abstract
The field of additive manufacturing has experienced a surge in popularity over recent decades, particularly as a viable alternative to traditional metal part production. Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most promising additive technologies, characterized by its high deposition rate, with [...] Read more.
The field of additive manufacturing has experienced a surge in popularity over recent decades, particularly as a viable alternative to traditional metal part production. Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most promising additive technologies, characterized by its high deposition rate, with wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) being a prominent example. Despite its advantages, DED is known to produce parts with suboptimal surface quality and geometric accuracy, which has been a major obstacle to its widespread adoption. This is due, in part, to a lack of understanding of the complex geometries produced by the additive layer. To address this challenge, researchers have focused on characterizing the geometry of the additive layer, particularly the outer part of the bead. This paper specifically investigates the geometrical characteristics and symmetry of walls produced by comparing two different techniques: an oscillated strategy and overlapping beads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metallic Material and Symmetry/Asymmetry)
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15 pages, 18701 KiB  
Article
Modelling of Phase Diagrams and Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams of Medium Manganese Steels
by Jakub Dykas, Ludovic Samek, Adam Grajcar and Aleksandra Kozłowska
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020381 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
The aim of this manuscript was to study the influence of alloying elements on the phase transformation behavior in advanced high-strength multiphase steels. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) and time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams were calculated to analyze the stability of phases at variable time–temperature processing [...] Read more.
The aim of this manuscript was to study the influence of alloying elements on the phase transformation behavior in advanced high-strength multiphase steels. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) and time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams were calculated to analyze the stability of phases at variable time–temperature processing parameters. The analyzed materials were lean-alloyed transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) medium manganese steels. The simulations of the phase diagrams, the stability of the phases during simulated heat treatments, and the chemical composition evolution diagrams were made using Thermo-Calc and JMatPro material simulation softwares. The influence of alloying elements, i.e., Mn and C, were studied in detail. The computational and modelling results allowed the influence of alloying elements on equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase diagrams and microstructural and chemical composition evolutions to be studied. Good symmetry and correlation between computational softwares were achieved. The study allows for future optimization of the heat-treatment temperature and time conditions of modern medium-Mn automotive sheet steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metallic Material and Symmetry/Asymmetry)
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13 pages, 11706 KiB  
Article
Design, Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of Hot-Stamped 22MnB5 Steel Autobody Part
by Adam Skowronek, Ireneusz Wróbel and Adam Grajcar
Symmetry 2022, 14(12), 2625; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122625 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1333
Abstract
The combination of complex geometry and martensitic microstructure, characterized by ultrahigh strength and hardness, can be obtained in a single hot stamping process. However, this technology requires a multifaceted approach, allowing for an effective and efficient design process that will ensure the elements [...] Read more.
The combination of complex geometry and martensitic microstructure, characterized by ultrahigh strength and hardness, can be obtained in a single hot stamping process. However, this technology requires a multifaceted approach, allowing for an effective and efficient design process that will ensure the elements with the desired properties and shape are produced because of the high tool cost. This paper presents a comprehensive case study of the design process, simulation and experimental evaluation of the hot forming of an automotive door beam. The U-shaped beam designed with CAD was analyzed using the finite element method in the Autoform v.10 software. The modeling process included: a shape definition of the flat blank; a FEM analysis and design of the die, punches, and clamps; and a forming and quenching simulation. The results covered visualization of the forming and quenching stages for different variables including a forming limit diagram; a distribution of the drawpiece thinning; and a diagram showing the hardness of the drawpiece and its microstructure. Based on the results, a full-size tool for hot stamping was first modeled in the CAD and next manufactured. The tool was used to produce an initial sample series that was used to investigate the conditions for continuous use of the tool. One of the produced hot-stamped products was investigated for its hardness and microstructure, which exhibited a beneficial and fully martensitic microstructure with high hardness of above 400 HV1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metallic Material and Symmetry/Asymmetry)
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15 pages, 6074 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Thermal Cycles and Phase Transformation Behavior of Laser-Welded Advanced Multiphase Steel
by Mateusz Morawiec, Tomasz Kik, Sebastian Stano, Maciej Różański and Adam Grajcar
Symmetry 2022, 14(3), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14030477 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3602
Abstract
This work presents the results of the comparison between simulations and experiments of the laser welding of advanced multiphase steel. The numerical simulations of welding with different parameters were carried out using the Sysweld software. The geometry of the weld and structural constituents [...] Read more.
This work presents the results of the comparison between simulations and experiments of the laser welding of advanced multiphase steel. The numerical simulations of welding with different parameters were carried out using the Sysweld software. The geometry of the weld and structural constituents as well as stress distributions were analyzed. The simulated thermal cycles were incorporated in the JMatPro software to determine the phase transformation kinetics during cooling. The experimental tests were performed to compare the simulations with the real results. According to them, the shape of the weld and its width were symmetrical according to the weld axis. The simulated values were higher compared to the real one at heat inputs higher than 0.048 kJ/mm. The microstructure investigations conducted with scanning electron microscopy showed a good agreement in the fusion zone. Some differences in the microstructure of heat-affected zone and transition zone were identified. According to the phase transformation simulations, the weld should be composed of only martensite. The real microstructure was composed of martensite and some fraction of bainite in the heat affected zone. The more complex microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite was present in the transition zone. The results of measured and simulated hardness indicated the good agreement with the difference of 17 HV0.1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metallic Material and Symmetry/Asymmetry)
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