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Astroparticle Physics as Probes of the Symmetries and Asymmetries in the Fundamental Physics

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A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 2704

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Dr. Humberto Martínez Huerta

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Guest Editor

Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 4500, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
Interests: astroparticle physics; elementary particle physics; beyond the standard model physics

Dr. J. Patrick Harding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
Interests: dark matter; particle physics; astroparticle physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We like to think that nature is symmetrically exact, although it has experimentally proven to us that it is usually just approximately symmetrical or even asymmetric. The study of these symmetries and anti-symmetries belongs to the field of fundamental physics, whose objective is to reveal the properties of matter and the nature of space–time at its most fundamental level. The very origin of the universe, its content of matter and antimatter, the true nature of space–time, and clues to theories beyond the Standard Model of particles can lie in the search for a deep understanding of the symmetries and anti-symmetries of nature.

In this scope, astroparticle physics has proven to be an unmatchable laboratory for this task, with limitations relying on our ability and cost to observe clearly and patiently. On the other hand, their remarkable strengths are the artificially unmatchable energy range, the long distances they propagate, and multiparticle messengers. Today, astroparticle laboratories are evolving to the next generation, leading to unprecedented opportunities to test fundamental physics; every step of each experiment shows a new path for fundamental studies. In this Special Issue, we call for a thorough overview of the role of astroparticle physics in fundamental physics, probes of fundamental symmetries with astroparticles, and scientific proposals for current and next astroparticle physics experiments in the years to come in the field.

Dr. Humberto Martínez Huerta
Dr. J. Patrick Harding
Guest Editors

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Keywords

astroparticle physics
gamma rays
cosmic rays
neutrino physics
fundamental physics
space–time symmetries
Lorentz violation
LIV
quantum gravity tests
double special relativity tests

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Research

22 pages, 4134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

BAU Production in the S_N-Breaking Standard Model

by Chilong Lin

Symmetry 2023, 15(5), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051051 - 09 May 2023

Viewed by 986

Abstract

The violation of charge-parity symmetry and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are two of the most significant unresolved problems in physics. This article presents further research on the CP violation problem in the Standard Model with 32 candidate sets of the 10 “natural” parameters that exhibit the same Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa performance. These parameters are considered “natural” because they consist solely of the Yukawa couplings and the vacuum expectation value of the unique Higgs doublet in the Standard Model. Then, the problems of CP violation and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are investigated by using the Jarlskog measure of CP violation,

Δ_{C P} = J (m_{t}^{2} - m_{c}^{2}) (m_{t}^{2} - m_{u}^{2}) (m_{c}^{2} - m_{u}^{2}) (m_{b}^{2} - m_{s}^{2}) (m_{b}^{2} - m_{d}^{2}) (m_{s}^{2} - m_{d}^{2}) / T^{12}

, given that CP symmetry is violated following the breakdown of

S_{N}

symmetries. Subsequently, numerical tests are performed in a simplified scenario where eight of the ten parameters are assumed to be fixed by two assumptions, and the remaining two parameters are allowed to vary from the

S_{2}

-symmetric point

(x, y) = (- 1, 1)

to their current values in all 32 parameter sets. To estimate the enhancement of CP violation in such processes, a ratio

R_{Δ} \equiv Δ_{C P} / Δ_{C P}^{(0)}

is proposed between the running

Δ_{C P}

and its current value, denoted by

Δ_{C P}^{(0)}

, which is approximately

10^{- 20}

. In all 32 cases, the three-dimensional plots of

R_{Δ}

exhibit many regions that stick out of the

R_{Δ} = 10^{10}

plane, especially in regions very close to

(x, y) = (- 1, 1)

. These results demonstrate that the

S_{N}

-breaking Standard Model is already sufficient to violate CP symmetry explicitly and generate a significant amount of baryon asymmetry of the universe. Furthermore, it solves existing problems without creating new ones, at least in the scenario presented in this article. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Astroparticle Physics as Probes of the Symmetries and Asymmetries in the Fundamental Physics)

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12 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Halo Orbits under Some Perturbations in cr3bp

by Abdulrahman B. Albidah and Abdullah

Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020481 - 11 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1072

Abstract

The general idea of this paper is to study the effect of mass variation of a test particle on periodic orbits in the restricted three-body model. In the circular restricted three-body problem (cr3bp), two bigger bodies (known as primary and secondary or sometime only primaries) are placed at either side of the origin on abscissa while moving in circular orbits around their common center of mass (here origin), while the third body (known as smallest body or infinitesimal body or test particle) is moving in space and varies its mass according to Jeans law. Using the Lindstedt–Poincaré method, we determine equations of motion and their solutions under various perturbations. The time-series and halo orbits around one of the collinear critical points of this model are drawn under the effects of the solar radiation pressure of the primary and the oblateness of the secondary. In general, these two dynamical properties are symmetrical. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Astroparticle Physics as Probes of the Symmetries and Asymmetries in the Fundamental Physics)

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