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Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches
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Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 31841

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joanna A. Kamińska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Interests: air pollution; sustainable urban air quality solutions; particulate matters; nitrogen oxides; pollution concentration modeling; traffic modeling; exhaust gasses
Dr. Guido Sciavicco

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Interests: pure logic to artificial intelligence and machine learning; applications of artificial intelligence to environmental; social; chemical-physical; and food and water fingerprint extraction problems
Dr. Jan K. Kazak

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Institute of Spatial Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 55, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: sustainable cities and regions; adaptation to climate change; environmental impact assessment; natural resource management; resilience; urban design and planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The dynamic urbanization leaves a significant mark on the broadly understood quality of life, regardless of the size of the city and the country or continent in which it is located. On the one hand, economic development favors the development of new technologies and availability of many kinds of resources accessible almost without any limits to make life easier. On the other hand, the development of urbanized areas, new transport networks and higher demand for natural resources causes their depletion, pollution of different components of environment, waste production, deforestation, landscape fragmentation, biodiversity losses leading finally to deterioration of living conditions in a longer perspective. Some of these driving forces and pressures as well as responses of the natural environment can be described by characterizing their regularities and patterns. Knowing the quantitative features of many components of socio-environmental systems make it easier to undertake proper actions to mitigate undesirable phenomena. Therefore, various statistical and mathematical techniques (machine learning, regression, classification, spatial analysis and others) can be widely used to solve crucial problems of the current development of cities and regions worldwide to face the challenge of sustainable development at different scales. Mathematical modeling of socio-environmental dependencies allows to draw far-reaching conclusions supporting decision-making process for a more sustainable future. Testing broadly understood statistical hypotheses leads to draw conclusions about the significance of relationships.

This special issue will explore different aspects of ​​urban and regional development with the support of various mathematical and statistical methods. We invite you to publish research carried out all over the world in order to highlight broad perspectives of the domain discussed in this issue.

Relevant topics include but are not limited to the following areas:

  • Urban design and city management,
  • Regional planning and development,
  • Public and private transport,
  • Quality of life and living conditions,
  • Food systems,
  • Pollution of the environment (e.g. air, water, soil),
  • Quality of natural resources,
  • Climate and its changes,
  • Ecological indicators,

with an application of statistical approaches describing these elements.

Dr. Joanna A. Kamińska
Dr. Guido Sciavicco
Dr. Jan K. Kazak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable city
  • sustainable region
  • indicator-based evaluation
  • quantitative assessment
  • mathematical modeling
  • statistical analysis

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 201 KiB  
Editorial
Sustainable Cities and Regions—Statistical Approaches
by Joanna A. Kamińska, Guido Sciavicco and Jan K. Kazak
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7607; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097607 - 06 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Dynamic urbanisation leaves a significant mark on the broadly understood quality of life, regardless of the size of the city and the country or continent in which it is located [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

13 pages, 732 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Urban Sustainability in Uzbekistan: A Novel Formula for Empirical Analysis
by Regina Veckalne and Tatjana Tambovceva
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7035; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097035 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1323
Abstract
Urban sustainability has become a critical issue in the past few decades due to rising urbanisation and mounting environmental problems. This article aims to develop a novel formula for assessing urban sustainability in Uzbekistan, a country with very little recent research in the [...] Read more.
Urban sustainability has become a critical issue in the past few decades due to rising urbanisation and mounting environmental problems. This article aims to develop a novel formula for assessing urban sustainability in Uzbekistan, a country with very little recent research in the field of sustainable development. The formula was created specifically for the setting of Uzbekistan to evaluate urban sustainability by taking into account a variety of socioeconomic and environmental aspects specific to the discussed region. The article provides a thorough review of the research on urban sustainability, with an emphasis on evaluation techniques and their use in the Uzbek context, which not only contributes to the development of the theoretical framework for the research but also identifies the knowledge gaps in the assessment of urban sustainability in Uzbekistan. Utilising this newly developed formula, an empirical analysis of urban sustainability in Uzbekistan urban settings was conducted, offering comprehensive insights and suggestions for urban planning and policymaking. The results of this research are expected to advance the discussion about urban sustainability on a global scale as well as act as a catalyst for additional research in the area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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19 pages, 1373 KiB  
Article
Potential Efficiency of Wild Plant Species (Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC.) for Phytoremediation of Trace Elements on Contaminated Locations
by Naglaa Youssef and Jean Diatta
Sustainability 2023, 15(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010119 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1139
Abstract
The current study outlines the potential of wild plant species (Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC.) for the phytoremediation of trace elements (TEs) such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Cu at various contaminated locations: an industrial area (S1); a residential area with a [...] Read more.
The current study outlines the potential of wild plant species (Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC.) for the phytoremediation of trace elements (TEs) such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Cu at various contaminated locations: an industrial area (S1); a residential area with a high traffic load (S2); and a rural area (S3). Data showed that the photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids decreased significantly at S1, at which TEs accumulated with high concentrations. This drop in chlorophyll concentration reflects foliar damage caused by TE contamination. The carotenoids/chlorophyll index (Car/Chl) ratio showed non-significant variations for all studied spheres. High values of chlorophyll ratio (a/b) were also recorded in plant leaves which faced TE stress. The translocation factors (TF); enrichment coefficient for root (ECR); and shoot (ECS) varied clearly among the TEs as well as the studied sites, proving the ability of the plant to carry out phytoremediation of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The highest values of the metal accumulation index (MAI) were recorded at S1. Significant positive correlations for the pairs Cd and Pb in soil versus P. dioscoridis tissues indicated its usefulness as a phytoextraction strategy for these elements. The management of residential and rural areas should be exploiting the natural wild phytoremediation potential of this plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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11 pages, 3079 KiB  
Article
Construction of Control Charts to Help in the Stability and Reliability of Results in an Accredited Water Quality Control Laboratory
by Flávia Matias Oliveira da Silva, Karina Santos Silvério, Maria Ivone Castanheira, Mariana Raposo, Maria José Imaginário, Isabel Simões and Maria Adelaide Almeida
Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 15392; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215392 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1837
Abstract
Overall, laboratory water quality analysis must have stability in their results, especially in laboratories accredited by ISO 17025. Accredited parameters should be strictly reliable. Using control charts to ascertain divergences between results is thus very useful. The present work applied a methodology of [...] Read more.
Overall, laboratory water quality analysis must have stability in their results, especially in laboratories accredited by ISO 17025. Accredited parameters should be strictly reliable. Using control charts to ascertain divergences between results is thus very useful. The present work applied a methodology of analysis of results through control charts to accurately monitor the results for a wastewater treatment plant. The parameters analyzed were pH, BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus. The stability of the results was analyzed from the control charts and 30 analyses performed in the last 12 months. From the results, it was possible to observe whether the results are stable, according to the rehabilitation factor that cannot exceed WN = 1.00 and the efficiency of removal of pollutants that remained above 70% for all parameters. The method of determining the technological reliability and stability of the treatment station using control charts is an efficient tool for detecting any instability in the results. These results help to monitor the results of the analyses more clearly and thus enable a rapid response to possible disturbances and maintain the quality of the analysis control, as well as determining the accreditation entities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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17 pages, 1006 KiB  
Article
The Role of Energy Affordability in the Relationship between Poor Housing and Health Status
by Fátima Lima, Paula Ferreira and Vítor Leal
Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14435; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114435 - 03 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Housing quality is a well-established determinant for health and its relevance has been increasing in the context of sustainable development. Prior research has emphasized the importance of adequate housing for the health and comfort of householders. However, this link is still poorly characterized [...] Read more.
Housing quality is a well-established determinant for health and its relevance has been increasing in the context of sustainable development. Prior research has emphasized the importance of adequate housing for the health and comfort of householders. However, this link is still poorly characterized and understood regarding the vulnerable segments of the population. In this study, a mediation analysis is proposed to test and identify the role of energy affordability in the relationship between poor housing and health status. It resorts to microdata from the European Union—Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database, focusing on the analysis of Portugal as the case study. Research findings confirm the role of energy affordability as a mediator. The research findings supported the energy efficiency as a direct pathway with protective and preventive effect for poor health, followed by energy affordability as a mediated or indirect pathway. A complementary approach that addresses energy efficiency and energy poverty should be pursued to maximize health risk reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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34 pages, 25631 KiB  
Article
The Environment in the Lead: A Scorecard System to Assess Adaptation Measures and Score Ecosystem Services at the Street Level
by Rick Heikoop, Aniss Idahmanen, Pascal de Ruiter, Elma Oosthoek, Angela van der Heijden and Floris Boogaard
Sustainability 2022, 14(19), 12425; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912425 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4151
Abstract
Currently, there is no method available that can systematically score the available ecosystem services in streets or street segments in suburban districts. In this study, different climate adaptation measures and their ecosystem services were categorized into green, blue, and grey categories and weight [...] Read more.
Currently, there is no method available that can systematically score the available ecosystem services in streets or street segments in suburban districts. In this study, different climate adaptation measures and their ecosystem services were categorized into green, blue, and grey categories and weight was given to each category based on their impact on the microclimate. This study took place in the Hillesluis district in the city of Rotterdam and the Paddepoel district in the city of Groningen. In Rotterdam, 21 streets, composed of 42 street segments, were assessed. In Groningen, 17 streets, composed of 45 street segments, were assessed. The available ecosystem services of each street segment were scored from 0–100. The scorecard method that was developed and tested during this study provided insight in the variation of available ecosystem services of streets and street segments. Individual street scores were very low in the city of Rotterdam and ranged between 3 and 50, with the average score for the street segments of 29. In Groningen, the scores were considerably higher with a range between 23 and 70, with an average score of 47 per street segment. The presence of larger green trees, front yards, and façade gardens in the green category are the most distinctive variable, while adaptation measures in the blue category were absent in both cities. The scorecard proved to be very useful in the adaptation labeling of street segments and entire streets. After assessing a neighborhood, the least adaptive streets can be identified relatively easy. Based on the score a label can be given between A+++ and G. The scorecard informs residents and decision makers about which streets are most adaptive and which streets have an adaptation potential. The method can easily be duplicated and used by local governments and community groups to have better insight in the level of climate adaptation of their street. Labels for entire streets can be used to create awareness and encourage residents to take action and expand the number of climate adaptation measures in their street. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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34 pages, 6029 KiB  
Article
The Convergence in the Sustainability of the Economies of the European Union Countries between 2006 and 2016
by Ciprian Ionel Turturean, Ciprian Chirilă and Viorica Chirilă
Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10115; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610115 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1286
Abstract
On the background of the exponential growth of the world’s population, doubled by the decrease of natural resources and the continuous, accentuated degradation of the quality of the environment, with global warming as its main effect, ensuring the sustainability of economic and social [...] Read more.
On the background of the exponential growth of the world’s population, doubled by the decrease of natural resources and the continuous, accentuated degradation of the quality of the environment, with global warming as its main effect, ensuring the sustainability of economic and social processes is becoming a growing concern. At the European Union level, it is important that all member countries adhere to and implement common measures on sustainable development, which involve, inter alia, ensuring the convergence of policies and their effects at EU level. The EU through detailed SDGs presents the structure of a system of indicators structured on 17 objectives, indicators taken over, implemented, and calculated by EUROSTAT. The study proposes, based on a Composite Index of Sustainable Development of EU Countries’ Economies (ISDE-EU), the analysis of the convergence of the sustainability of EU states’ economies, not so much at individual level, but at cluster level, each cluster containing EU countries with similar/close ISDE-EU levels and dynamics. The results of the analysis confirm the partial existence of the beta and sigma convergence of the sustainability of EU countries’ economies. Please note that, at the time when we processed data, the UK was an EU state, which is why it was included in the analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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17 pages, 5903 KiB  
Article
Changes of Bioclimatic Conditions in the Kłodzko Region (SW Poland)
by Arkadiusz Głogowski, Paolo Perona, Tadeusz Bryś and Krystyna Bryś
Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6770; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116770 - 01 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1211
Abstract
Despite continuous technological development, lack of data or discontinuity in meteorological measurements is still an issue affecting many stations. This study was devoted to determining the bioclimatic conditions in the Kłodzko region (SW Poland), where meteorological measurements have been discontinuous since 2006. Four [...] Read more.
Despite continuous technological development, lack of data or discontinuity in meteorological measurements is still an issue affecting many stations. This study was devoted to determining the bioclimatic conditions in the Kłodzko region (SW Poland), where meteorological measurements have been discontinuous since 2006. Four stations with continuous measurements were analyzed. These localities are situated at Kłodzko and its health resorts. Bioclimatic conditions were determined using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The study of variability in UTCI was performed in different circulation epochs. Additionally, a non-linear model for SW Poland was used to reconstruct the long-term trend of air temperature in the Kłodzko region. Verification of this model was performed on the basis of own air temperature measurements in the period from April 2017 to March 2022. Analysis of thermal conditions in circulation phases showed higher air temperatures and UTCI values in epoch W (1989–present) compared to epoch E (1966–1988) at all analyzed stations. The non-linear model of meteorological data showed its applicability for data reconstruction in the region with an accuracy of about 67%. Further modification of the model may serve to increase its applicability to other locations in Europe or North America. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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14 pages, 1023 KiB  
Article
Does Google Trends Show the Strength of Social Interest as a Predictor of Housing Price Dynamics?
by Mirosław Bełej
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095601 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1758
Abstract
A recently emerged sustainable information society has ceased to be only a consumer and has become a web-based information source. Society’s online behaviour is tracked, recorded, processed, aggregated, and monetised. As a society, we are becoming a subject of research, and our web [...] Read more.
A recently emerged sustainable information society has ceased to be only a consumer and has become a web-based information source. Society’s online behaviour is tracked, recorded, processed, aggregated, and monetised. As a society, we are becoming a subject of research, and our web behaviour is a source of information for decision-makers (currently mainly business). The research aims to measure the strength of social interest in the housing market (Google Trends), which will then be correlated with the dynamics of housing prices in Poland in the years 2010–2021. The vector autoregressive model was used to diagnose the interrelationships (including Granger causality) and to forecast housing prices. The research showed that web searching for the keyword “dwelling” causes the dynamics of dwelling prices and is an attractive alternative to the classical variables used in forecasting housing market prices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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17 pages, 31166 KiB  
Article
Real Estate Values and Urban Quality: A Multiple Linear Regression Model for Defining an Urban Quality Index
by Sebastiano Carbonara, Marco Faustoferri and Davide Stefano
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13635; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413635 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3218
Abstract
Urban quality, real estate values and property taxation are different factors that participate in defining how a city is governed. Real estate values are largely determined by the characteristics of urban environments in which properties are located and, thus, by quality of the [...] Read more.
Urban quality, real estate values and property taxation are different factors that participate in defining how a city is governed. Real estate values are largely determined by the characteristics of urban environments in which properties are located and, thus, by quality of the location. Beginning with these considerations, this paper explores the theme of urban quality through a study of property values that seeks to define all physical (and thus measurable) characteristics that participate in defining urban quality. For this purpose, a multiple linear regression model was developed for reading the residential real estate market in the city of Pescara (Italy). In addition to the intrinsic characteristics of a property (floor area, period of construction/renovation, level, building typology and presence of a garage), input also included extrinsic data represented by the Urban Quality Index. Scientific literature on this theme tells us that many independent variables influence real estate prices, although all are linked to a set of intrinsic characteristics (property-specific) and to a set of extrinsic characteristics (specific to the urban context in which the property is located) and, thus, to the quality of urban environments. The index developed was produced by the analytical and simultaneous reading of four macrosystems with the greatest impact on urban quality: environment, infrastructure, settlement and services (each with its own subsystems). The results obtained made it possible to redefine proportional ratios between various parts of the city of Pescara, based on a specific Urban Quality Index, and to recalculate market property values used to calculate taxes in an attempt to resolve the inequality that persists in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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15 pages, 2179 KiB  
Article
Economic Dependence Relationship and the Coordinated & Sustainable Development among the Provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt of China
by Xianbo Wu and Xiaofeng Hui
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5448; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105448 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
This study uses the mutual information method to study economic dependence among the provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt, constructs the core dependence structure through the maximum spanning tree method, and uses the rolling window method to observe the changes in the [...] Read more.
This study uses the mutual information method to study economic dependence among the provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt, constructs the core dependence structure through the maximum spanning tree method, and uses the rolling window method to observe the changes in the dependence structure from a dynamic point of view. It has been found that there are extensive economic links among the nine provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt, but that the degree of economic dependence varies greatly in different time periods. When economic development and the capital market are overheated, the interregional dependence is stronger, while the dependence decreases when economic development is in a state of contraction or when the total demand is relatively reduced. In addition, the phenomenon of geographical clustering of economic dependence is not obvious among provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt. Most of the provinces maintain strong economic dependence with the economically developed provinces, and the economically developed provinces also maintain strong economic ties with one another. Finally, the implementation of the Yellow River Economic Belt strategy strengthens the economic links between the less developed provinces and the other provinces in the region, and promotes coordinated and sustainable development in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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17 pages, 13822 KiB  
Article
Spatial and Temporal Measurement of the Interaction between the County Economy and Rural Transformation in Xinjiang, China
by Bo Tan, Hongwei Wang, Chen Ma, Xiaoqin Wang and Jing Zhou
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5318; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095318 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
Given the background of urbanization and rural revitalization in the new era, it is important to explore the synergy between regional macroeconomics and rural transformation, as a balanced and coordinated urban–rural relationship must be built to promote regional sustainable development and rural revitalization. [...] Read more.
Given the background of urbanization and rural revitalization in the new era, it is important to explore the synergy between regional macroeconomics and rural transformation, as a balanced and coordinated urban–rural relationship must be built to promote regional sustainable development and rural revitalization. This paper used the spatial econometric model to study the spatiotemporal synergy and interaction between Xinjiang’s county economy and rural transformation from 2007 to 2017. The conclusions were as follows. A clear spatial difference exists between the county economy and the rural transformation level, and regional bulk agricultural products lack competitiveness. The synergy between the county economy and rural transformation is weak, as the county economy is lagging while rural transformation progresses without collaboration, indicating different types of non-equivalence. The county economy has a stronger spatial dependence on rural transformation and insufficient spillover, a stagnating effect, mainly negative driving effects, and unstable interaction effects; while the unstable changes in rural transformation affect the county economy. The urbanization rate, urban wage level, rural employment structure, and planting area per capita were the main influencing factors. It is necessary to deepen rural transformation, consolidate and enhance its stability, cultivate regional growth poles, promote overall development, and promote regional coordination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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18 pages, 2592 KiB  
Article
Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Urban Poverty for Sustainable City Development
by Wojciech Kisiała and Izabela Rącka
Sustainability 2021, 13(2), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020858 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4393
Abstract
One of the main pillars of sustainable urban development at the local scale is to control the social aspect of urban equality of socio-economic systems. A number of studies confirm that poverty in urban space is accompanied by negative phenomena, such as high [...] Read more.
One of the main pillars of sustainable urban development at the local scale is to control the social aspect of urban equality of socio-economic systems. A number of studies confirm that poverty in urban space is accompanied by negative phenomena, such as high unemployment, social pathologies, increased crime rate, or the high level of the decapitalization of space, including the poor condition of housing and municipal infrastructure. However, there is a gap in defining the relation between urban poverty and city structure to control and preferably minimize social inequalities. The aim of the study was to empirically verify the impact of the location of residential properties in relation to poverty-stricken areas in the city. The research covered the housing market in one Polish city (Kalisz) in the years 2006–2018. By applying GIS technologies, we identified the location of each property in relation to poverty areas. The data was subjected to regression analysis, with the use of the hedonic approach based on exponential models. The analysis of data allowed us to conclude that location in a poorer area does affect the prices of new flats, which is not only a contribution to the development of science, but is also information that could be used by developers or property valuers to establish the prices of flats, as well as city managers to avoid pauperization of urban districts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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Review

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16 pages, 25928 KiB  
Review
Research on Green and Low-Carbon Rural Development in China: A Scientometric Analysis Using CiteSpace (1979–2021)
by Bin Liu, Chan Lu and Chun Yi
Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 1907; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031907 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
Green and low-carbon rural development (GLRD) is becoming an important way to explore sustainable development in rural areas of China. It is significant for the sustainable development of the rural economy and of society to build a rural carbon sink system, advocate low-carbon [...] Read more.
Green and low-carbon rural development (GLRD) is becoming an important way to explore sustainable development in rural areas of China. It is significant for the sustainable development of the rural economy and of society to build a rural carbon sink system, advocate low-carbon emissions in rural areas, and promote the development of rural green industries and rural transformation. In this study, the existing knowledge system of GLRD was analyzed using CiteSpace. Keywords related to GLRD and their occurrence frequency were identified using keyword co-occurrence analysis. The knowledge evolution stages of GLRD were explored using citation burst analysis. Thus, the evolution of the research related to GLRD was revealed. The summary of Chinese GLRD-related research literature shows that: (1) according to the CiteSpace analysis, the GLRD research can be divided into three stages: starting, rising, and expanding and deepening; (2) GLRD research has focused on low-carbon development, green development, and then green and low-carbon integrated development, thus forming three major research content systems; (3) GLRD’s research content gradually became rich, as over time, the research focus became increasingly prominent and research integration was gradually strengthened; (4) the GLRD literature still has some limitations, e.g., nonunified measurement standards, insufficient research depth and practical significance, and relatively weak innovative policy research; (5) future research should strengthen the scientific evaluation and prediction of rural green and low-carbon functions. The industrial development pathways and regional characteristic modes of GLRD should be further studied. Innovative GLRD policies should be proposed to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for GLRD and construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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Other

9 pages, 6767 KiB  
Technical Note
Monitoring and Prediction of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) around the Ipbeja Campus
by Flavia Matias Oliveira Silva, Eduardo Carlos Alexandrina, Ana Cristina Pardal, Maria Teresa Carvalhos and Elaine Schornobay Lui
Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16892; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416892 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in urban centres, where air quality levels are not strictly checked; citizens are exposed to air quality levels over the limits of the World Health Organization. The interaction between the issuing and atmospheric sources influences the [...] Read more.
Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in urban centres, where air quality levels are not strictly checked; citizens are exposed to air quality levels over the limits of the World Health Organization. The interaction between the issuing and atmospheric sources influences the air quality or level. The local climate conditions (temperature, humidity, winds, rainfall) determine a greater or less dispersion of the pollutants present in the atmosphere. In this sense, this work aimed to build a math modelling prediction to control the air quality around the campus of IPBeja, which is in the vicinity of a car traffic zone. The researchers have been analysing the data from the last months, particle matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and meteorological parameters for prediction using NARX. The results show a considerable increase in particles in occasional periods, reaching average values of 135 μg/m3 for PM10 and 52 μg/m3 for PM2.5. Thus, the monitoring and prediction serve as a warning to perceive these changes and be able to relate them to natural phenomena or issuing sources in specific cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities and Regions – Statistical Approaches)
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