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Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-Carbon Powertrains

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Transportation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 5930

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hongliang Luo

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Guest Editor

Associate Professor, College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: turbulent atomization and spray; microfluid–wall interactions; development and utilization of zero-carbon fuel

Dr. Yanzhao An

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: turbulent jet ignition; super-lean combustion; hybrid engine efficiency; fast mixing of zero carbon fuels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, decreasing carbon-emission has become the global theme. Therefore, in order to achieve the carbon neutrality in the middle of this century, many efforts should be done for the low- and zero- combustion applied in vehicles, marines, gas turbines and even aircraft engines. As we known, fuel spray and combustion have significant effects on the efficiency and emission. And much more investigations should be done to develop new models and strategies for low-carbon engines. Besides, in the recent decades, e-fuel become popular and could be obtained successfully by the help of solar and wind energies. In such a case, the sustainable fuels could continue to survive in the future. Therefore, the special issue from Sustainability is organized and named as “Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-carbon Powertrains”. Now, we are encouraging all the scholars to contribute to it and report your good ideas and achievements. We believe it would be a great issue and provide excellent coverage of the current technology.

Potential topics include but are not limited to: Liquid spray and impingement; E-fuel characteristics; Fuel film formation; Low-carbon combustion; Development of zero and low carbon fuels; Model development in spray and combustion.

Dr. Hongliang Luo
Dr. Yanzhao An
Guest Editors

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Keywords

sustainable fuels
spray and atomization
heat and mass transfer
fuel film formation
low-carbon combustion
thermodynamics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations on the Diesel Spray Characteristic and Tip Penetration Model of Multi-Hole Injector with Micro-Hole under Ultra-High Injection Pressure

by Chang Zhai, Feixiang Chang, Yu Jin and Hongliang Luo

Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11114; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411114 - 17 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 829

Abstract

Increasing the injection pressure has a significant impact on atomization and combustion characteristics. Spray tip penetration serves as a vital parameter for fuel injection control and engine structure design. However, a reliable spray tip penetration model for ultra-high-pressure injection is currently lacking. To address this gap, this study establishes a theoretical 0-dimensional model for spray tip penetration under ultra-high pressure (300 MPa) conditions. The model is based on the conservation of momentum and phenomenological models. The new model divides spray tip penetration into two stages: Pre-breakup and post-breakup, with fuel injection rate and spray cone angle used as model inputs. To validate the model, high-speed camera observations and constant-volume chamber experiments are conducted to investigate the spray characteristics. The results indicate that the new spray tip penetration model demonstrates improved predictive accuracy across all experimental conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-Carbon Powertrains)

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19 pages, 8916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Droplet Behaviors during Spray Breakup Process

by Feixiang Chang, Hongliang Luo, Panpan Dong, Keiya Nishida, Yoichi Ogata, Ryosuke Hara, Kenji Uchida and Wu Zhang

Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9356; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129356 - 09 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1138

Abstract

The variation of droplet parameters during the spray breakup process affects the droplet deposition behavior and accurate application. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate droplet behaviors along the penetration direction with respect to spray propagation. Particle image analysis (PIA) was applied to obtain the characteristics of droplets at three representative stages (namely, initial, quasi-steady, and end stages) after the start of injection (ASOI). The effects of timing and location on the spray characteristics were thoroughly investigated. First, different morphological changes of spray (droplets, ligaments, and bags) during spray breakup were observed. The experimental results show that droplet size and velocity distinctly increase from upstream to downstream at the initial stage. However, at the quasi-steady and end stages, droplet velocities are similar, and the effects of location are not evident. This indicates that location has a significant effect on droplet behaviors at the initial stage. The mean minimum distance (MD) of droplets first increases considerably and then decreases from upstream to downstream, suggesting that the droplets disperse better at midstream. Moreover, the mean MD at the initial stage exceeds that at the quasi-steady and end stages, denoting that the droplets disperse better with time. Finally, the geometric parameter of droplets and the key stage selection are important for predicting the interaction between the droplets and surfaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-Carbon Powertrains)

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16 pages, 6416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Adhesive Fuel Features of Inclined Wall-Impinging Spray at Various Injection Pressure Levels in a Cross-Flow Field

by Gengxin Zhang, Penghua Shi, Panpan Dong, Fangyu Zhang, Yifei Zhang and Hongliang Luo

Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 6312; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076312 - 06 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1345

Abstract

The wall-impingement phenomenon significantly impacts mixture formation, combustible performance, and pollutant release in DISI engines. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the behavior of fuel adhesion. Thus, here, we examine adhesive fuel features at various injection pressure levels (5 and 10 MPa) in a cross-flow field (0 to 50 m/s). The RIM optical method was employed to track the expansion and distribution of fuel adhesion. As a result, adhesive fuel features such as area, mass, thickness, and lifetime were assessed. Postprocessing image analysis reveals that fuel adhesion was consistently thinner at the edge region. With increased injection pressure, the cross flow led to a rise in the fuel-adhesion area and mass; however, small changes in pressure did not affect adhesive thickness. Adhesive thickness significantly decreased in the cross flow, indicating enhanced evaporation potential. Furthermore, lifetime prediction was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the impact of cross flow and injection pressure upon fuel adhesion, which could be calculated by examining the decreasing trend in adhesive area. Results show that the lifetime was dramatically reduced with higher cross-flow velocity, and slightly decreased with lower injection pressure. Under injection pressure of 10 MPa, the adhesive lifetime in the cross-flow field of 50 m/s was reduced by 77.5% compared with the static flow field (0 m/s). The experimental results provide corresponding guidance for low-carbon fuel utilization and emission reduction in DISI engines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-Carbon Powertrains)

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16 pages, 2715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Engine Load and Ternary Mixture on Combustion and Emissions from a Diesel Engine Using Later Injection Timing

by Jun Cong Ge, Jung Young Kim, Byeong O Yoo and Jun Hee Song

Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021391 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1911

Abstract

As a high oxygenated fuel, bioethanol has already obtained more and more widespread attention in diesel engines. The present work aims to study and compare effects of various diesel-bioethanol-biodiesel ternary mixture fuels on combustion and emissions from a four-cylinder diesel engine. A series of engine experiments are conducted on neat diesel fuel (D100), 95% D100 blended with 5% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D95E5B1), 90% D100 blended with 10% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D90E10B1), and 85% D100 blended with 15% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D85E15B1) according to various engine loads (40, 80 and 120 Nm). The experimental results show that the peak value of pressure and heat release rate (HRR) in the cylinder, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke emissions increase with the increase in engine load, but the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases. There is no significant variation in cylinder pressure with the addition of ethanol, but HRR is improved and NOx and smoke emissions are effectively controlled. It is exciting that the addition of ethanol can simultaneously reduce NOx and smoke emissions under medium and high load conditions. Specifically, at 120 Nm, ethanol addition simultaneously reduces NOx emissions by 2.08% and smoke opacity by 36.08% on average. Through the results of this study, it is found that the ethanol can improve the combustion of the four-cylinder diesel engine and also effectively control the emissions of NOx and smoke. Therefore, ethanol will play an important role in the future research field of energy saving and emission reduction for diesel engines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Fuel Spray, Fuel Film Formation and Combustion Applied in Low-Carbon Powertrains)

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