Advances in Materials for Separations: Energy and Environment

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials in Separation Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 6787

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
Interests: adsorption; catalysis; nanomaterials; metal–organic frameworks; environmental nanotechnology; chemical engineering; renewable energy; wastewater treatment; air purification and control technologies; kinetic and isotherm studies; advanced oxidation processes; thermodynamic studies; response surface modeling; bioremediation; bioenergy; waste-to-resource cycle

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Guest Editor
Production Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
Interests: catalysis; energy production; organoclay; polymer clay nanocomposite; rheology; oxidation reactions; natural polymers; fuel transportation; recycling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present recent trends in the controlled synthesis and modification strategies of advanced functional materials that play a vital role in the development of adsorption, catalytic, and membrane separation technologies for environmental pollution control and energy generation, conversion, and storage. Approaching this call from the materials science perspective, a remarkable interest in synthesis and modification strategies for functional materials has been observed in recent years, such as (but not limited to) metal oxides, metal nanoparticles, semiconductors, metal–organic frameworks, natural microstructured materials, (bio)polymers, kaolinite/clay, carbon nitrides, nanofluids, carbon-based nanocomposites, etc. Due to the unique properties of these materials, attention has been paid to understanding the relationship between the molecular design of these advanced materials and the structure activity in various catalytic and adsorption-mediated transformation reactions in environmental and energy fields. In particular, attention has been devoted to the design and development of advanced functional materials that synergistically combine the advantages of adsorption and catalytic activities to be effectively applied in the transformation of environmental pollutants into high-added value products, or their use in organic synthesis, clean energy production, and beyond, such as self-cleaning, climate change mitigation, solar energy conversion, water-splitting, and fuel cells. Moreover, the combination of materials science and chemical engineering has recently contributed to the development of modern membranes that are today one of the key separation technologies in chemical, energy, and environmental industries on a large scale, such as gas separation (e.g., CO2, CO, VOCs, SOx, and NOx), air purification, separation of hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry, chemical separation, and water desalination. As a fact, the recent progress in materials science has contributed to improving the adsorption, catalysis, and membrane separation technologies and their vital roles in the generation of clean fuels, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change, and the sustainable production of clean water.

To this end, the editors welcome original experimental and theoretical studies that address challenges in the designing of advanced functional materials with the latest insights and findings in this research area, such as optimizing synthesis methods, tuning the material features, investigating kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities, and understanding reaction mechanisms. Taking into account real field applications, the objectives of this issue are also focused on publishing applied research that provides an in-depth insight into understanding the relationship between properties (physical, chemical, and electronic) and the performance of tailored materials in environmental conservation and sustainable energy production. In addition, our scope extends to the field of the petroleum industry, especially in the use of nanofluid and natural biopolymers (such as cellulose and chitosan) in the transportation of petroleum fluids, drilling fluids additives, and antifouling/antimicrobial activities. With great pleasure, we invite you to submit full articles, short communication, and reviews to this Special Issue before 30 July 2023 (submission due date). Topics will include, but are not limited to:

  • Recent trends in the controlled synthesis and modification strategies of nano/micro-structured materials involved in catalysis and adsorption processes.
  • Modern trends in photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and/or electrocatalysis.
  • Advances in functionalized membranes for gas and liquid separation technologies.
  • Modern trends in membranes for fuel cell application.
  • Advances in H2/CO2 capture and storage materials.
  • Applied materials for environmental remediation and protection (air, water, and soil).
  • Energy generation (e.g., bioenergy; H2 production, water-splitting, CO/CO2 redox reactions, fuel cells, etc.).
  • Advanced materials for biological activity.
  • Adsorption separation and recovery of precious elements.
  • Thermodynamics of adsorption and catalysis processes.
  • Computational modeling of surface–solute interactions at the solid–liquid/ solid–gas interfaces.
  • Applied materials in the petroleum industry, gas separation technologies, and enhanced oil recovery.

Dr. Sherif A. Younis
Dr. Mohamed Betiha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • materials synthesis and modification methods
  • nanofluids
  • adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics
  • catalysis studies
  • functional membranes
  • energy production and storage
  • wastewater treatment and desalination technologies
  • gas separation
  • air pollution control
  • climate change mitigation
  • CO/CO2 redox reactions
  • antimicrobial/antifouling materials
  • transport mechanisms

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5058 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment
by Hanan H. Youssef, Sherif A. Younis, Esraa M. El-Fawal, Hager R. Ali, Yasser M. Moustafa and Gehad G. Mohamed
Separations 2023, 10(11), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110570 - 15 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1706
Abstract
This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles. Based on the Standard Practice [...] Read more.
This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles. Based on the Standard Practice for Coagulation–Flocculation Jar Test, the efficiency of PACl for DOC and NSS removal was evaluated in relation to the effects of the operational parameters. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared PACl has an amorphous morphology with a Keggin-type e-Al13 molecular structure {Na[AlO4(OH)24(H2O)]·xH2O and good thermal stability up to 278 °C. PACl coagulant also exhibited a higher efficiency for NSS removal than DOC by around 1.5- to 1.9-fold under broad pH (5–7), while a higher acidic/alkaline pH disrupts the sweep floc formation. An increased PACl dosage (over 25 mg/L) also caused a decrease in the coagulation efficiency by 11.7% due to Al species’ transformation and pH depression (from 6.8 to 4.9) via increased PACl hydrolysis. With a fast rotating speed of 280 rpm for 2 min, the minimum dose of PACl (10–25 mg/L) can maximize the removal efficiency of NSS (~98%) and DOC (~69%) at pH 6.5 ± 0.5 and 35 °C after 30 min of settling time. Treating actual saline PWW samples (salinity up to 187.7 g/L) also verified the high efficacy of PACl coagulation performance in reducing the turbidity and dissolved hydrocarbons by more than 75.5% and 67.7%, respectively. These findings verify the techno-economic feasibility of the as-prepared PACl coagulant in treating PWW treatment at different salinity levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Materials for Separations: Energy and Environment)
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15 pages, 5160 KiB  
Article
A Facile and Green Synthesis of Hydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane Foam for Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene Removal
by Lila Alatawi, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil and Robiah Yunus
Separations 2023, 10(7), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10070377 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
Due to its excellent properties, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam has recently attracted significant academic and industrial attention. In this study, a facile and green method was developed for PDMS foam synthesis. The PDMS foam was prepared by using the gas foaming method with eco-friendly [...] Read more.
Due to its excellent properties, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam has recently attracted significant academic and industrial attention. In this study, a facile and green method was developed for PDMS foam synthesis. The PDMS foam was prepared by using the gas foaming method with eco-friendly materials, namely NaHCO3 as a blowing agent and acetic acid as the catalyst. By changing the ratios of the reactants and the curing temperature, foams with varying properties were obtained. The water contact angle of the obtained PDMS foams ranged from 110° to 139°. We found that the PDMS foams can be compressed to a maximum strain of 95% and retain their original size, showing excellent mechanical properties. The synthesized PDMS foams were tested as an absorbent to remove benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) from the water. It exhibited good selectivity, outstanding reusability, and absorption capacity. Its capability to remove a large amount of organic solvent from the water surface suggests the great promise of PDMS foam in recovering spilled organic compounds from water, with excellent separation performance for continuous treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Materials for Separations: Energy and Environment)
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16 pages, 5693 KiB  
Article
Separation of Metal and Cathode Materials from Waste Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery by Electrostatic Process
by Huabing Zhu, Yuxuan Bai, Lei Zu, Haijun Bi and Jian Wen
Separations 2023, 10(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10030220 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
The improper disposal of retired lithium batteries will cause environmental pollution and a waste of resources. In this study, a waste lithium iron phosphate battery was used as a raw material, and cathode and metal materials in the battery were separated and recovered [...] Read more.
The improper disposal of retired lithium batteries will cause environmental pollution and a waste of resources. In this study, a waste lithium iron phosphate battery was used as a raw material, and cathode and metal materials in the battery were separated and recovered by mechanical crushing and electrostatic separation technology. The effects on material electrostatic separation of separation parameters such as the crushing particle size, the voltage of the static electrode, and the rotating speed of the grounding rotor were all studied combined with trajectory simulation and separation experiments. The results show that the crushing particle size of the material has the most significant impact on the separation effect, and the material separation effect primarily occurs in the range of 0.2–2.0 mm particle sizes. When the voltage of the static electrode is 30 kV, the rotating speed of the grounded rotor is 60 r/min, and the particle size is 0.4–0.8 mm, and the recovery rates for aluminum, copper, and lithium iron phosphate reach 93.2%, 91.1%, and 97.1%, respectively. In the recovery process for waste lithium batteries, using electrostatic separation technology instead of high-temperature roasting or chemical leaching can effectively improve the separation efficiency and reduce secondary pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Materials for Separations: Energy and Environment)
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19 pages, 3347 KiB  
Article
Phenomena of Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 Activity and Its Influence on Properties of Portland Cement Mortar Exposed to Different Curing Media
by Siti Baizura Mahat, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Norfaniza Mokhtar, Choong Kok Keong, Mohd Nazri Idris, Wan Zafira Ezza Wan Zakaria, Charles Ng WaiWai Chun and Husnul Azan Tajarudin
Separations 2023, 10(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10010019 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1200
Abstract
This study determined the influences of Bacillus sphaericus Laboratorium voor Microbiologie Gent (LMG) 22257 bacteria activity on mortar samples cured in various media regarding compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, and water permeability. Three types of curing media were utilized, namely distilled water (D.W.), deposition [...] Read more.
This study determined the influences of Bacillus sphaericus Laboratorium voor Microbiologie Gent (LMG) 22257 bacteria activity on mortar samples cured in various media regarding compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, and water permeability. Three types of curing media were utilized, namely distilled water (D.W.), deposition water (D.M.), and run-off water (R.W.). The compressive strength was measured using 100 mm mortar cubes. The water porosity, water absorption, and water permeability were analyzed using the Leeds permeability cell with dimensions of the mortar cylindrical specimens of 55 mm diameter and 40 mm thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were utilized, respectively, for microstructure analysis and quantifying the elements with atomic numbers. The results indicated the presence of calcium carbonate and more calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) depositions on bacterial mortars. The inclusion of Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 bacteria activity and curing media type affected mortar properties through compressive strength and durability improvements, as well as the reduction in water porosity, water absorption, and water permeability of mortar. The comparison of CaCO3 precipitation, such as a sufficient growth nutrient requirement and hostile bacteria environment, was observed. Curing in R.W. produced the most significant bio-based cement (BBC) mortar improvement, followed by D.M. BBC curing in runoff water had a 40% improvement in strength compared to normal curing. As a conclusion, runoff water is a highly promising sufficient nutrient to bacteria for the biomineralization process to produce CaCO3. This work also aims to apply this approach in the field, especially in sewerage and drainage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Materials for Separations: Energy and Environment)
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