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Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display
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Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 26133

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Byoungho Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul 08826, Korea
Interests: metasurface; plasmonics; holography; augmented reality; 3D display; light field display
Dr. Seung-Yeol Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering,Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Interests: digital hologram; plasmonics; metasurfaces; spatial light modulator; AR/VR optical device

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to incorporate various approaches to extracting image depth with the metasurface and identifying how the metasurfaces can contribute to the development of 3D display. With the development of fabrication technology, metasurfaces in the optical frequency band have been studied in various fields thanks to their unprecedented ability to control light. Obtaining the depth of an object from the actual image is possible either through hardware with an active light source or through engineering of camera elements and image processing algorithms. The 3D display can be realized by reproducing holography or a stereoscopic image. In addition to its powerful light-tuning ability, the metasurface can outperform existing optics while reducing the overall system size and weight. In addition, a new paradigm that was physically impossible with the existing elements can be proposed or can be designed to reduce the computational load, which is desirable in depth sensing. Considering the criteria of 3D display systems which need a small form factor, the full potential of a metasurface-integrated display has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, when it comes to image depth sensing or application to 3D display, designing them through metasurface will be a research branch of great importance.

In this Special Issue, you are encouraged to submit various developments by metasurfaces for depth sensing or 3D display system. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  1. Advanced metasurface/metalens design for depth extraction;
  2. Metasurface design for reducing the form factor of depth sensing/3D display systems;
  3. Efficient pupil spread function engineering and realization by metasurfaces for depth sensing;
  4. 3D object modeling achieved by metasurface-integrated optic systems;
  5. Advanced 3D display platform in which metasurfaces act as a crucial element;
  6. Multifunctional/multispectral metasurface design for substitution of existing depth sensing/3D display;
  7. Other approaches with metasurfaces that can contribute to the development of depth sensing/3D display.

Prof. Dr. Byoungho Lee

Dr. Seung-Yeol Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 5873 KiB  
Article
Digital Incoherent Compressive Holography Using a Geometric Phase Metalens
by Jonghyun Lee, Youngrok Kim, Kihong Choi, Joonku Hahn, Sung-Wook Min and Hwi Kim
Sensors 2021, 21(16), 5624; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165624 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
We propose a compressive self-interference incoherent digital holography (SIDH) with a geometric phase metalens for section-wise holographic object reconstruction. We specify the details of the SIDH with a geometric phase metalens design that covers the visible wavelength band, analyze a spatial distortion problem [...] Read more.
We propose a compressive self-interference incoherent digital holography (SIDH) with a geometric phase metalens for section-wise holographic object reconstruction. We specify the details of the SIDH with a geometric phase metalens design that covers the visible wavelength band, analyze a spatial distortion problem in the SIDH and address a process of a compressive holographic section-wise reconstruction with analytic spatial calibration. The metalens allows us to realize a compressive SIDH system in the visible wavelength band using an image sensor with relatively low bandwidth. The operation of the proposed compressive SIDH is verified through numerical simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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10 pages, 2783 KiB  
Communication
Multi-Beam Steering for 6G Communications Based on Graphene Metasurfaces
by Huifang Ai, Qianlong Kang, Wei Wang, Kai Guo and Zhongyi Guo
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4784; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144784 - 13 Jul 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3821
Abstract
As communication technology is entering the 6G era, a great demand for high-performance devices operating in the terahertz (THz) band has emerged. As an important part of 6G technology, indoor communication requires multi-beam steering and tracking to serve multi-users. In this paper, we [...] Read more.
As communication technology is entering the 6G era, a great demand for high-performance devices operating in the terahertz (THz) band has emerged. As an important part of 6G technology, indoor communication requires multi-beam steering and tracking to serve multi-users. In this paper, we have designed a graphene metasurface that can realize multi-beam steering for directional radiations. The designed metasurface consists of graphene ribbons, dielectric spacer, and metal substrate. By designing the graphene ribbons and controlling the applied voltage on them, we have obtained single-, double-, and triple-beam steering. In addition, we have also numerically calculated the far-field distributions of the steered multi-beam with a diffraction distance of 2 m. Our design has potential applications in future indoor directional 6G communications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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10 pages, 2591 KiB  
Communication
Numerical Analysis of Protection Method of Metallic Sub-Wavelength Concentric Arrays for Radially Polarized Light Selection and Its Applications
by Hyuntai Kim
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4480; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134480 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Radially polarized light has various advantages on sensing, thanks for its symmetric field distribution. To select radial component, metallic sub-wavelength concentric arrays are widely used. To increase the stability of the metallic nanostructure from mechanical or chemical hazards, a method to apply an [...] Read more.
Radially polarized light has various advantages on sensing, thanks for its symmetric field distribution. To select radial component, metallic sub-wavelength concentric arrays are widely used. To increase the stability of the metallic nanostructure from mechanical or chemical hazards, a method to apply an additional protective layer has been proposed. The structure was numerically calculated, and optimized structure showed ~97.4% of transmittance for radially polarized component with ~20 dB of polarization extinction ratio compared to the azimuthally polarized component. This result is a 22% increase compared to the case without the protective layer. In addition, the utility the protective layer applied to metallic sub-wavelength concentric arrays is also discussed. The structure has been applied to a binary, concentric optical plate, and showed the same function with radially polarized input, but prohibited azimuthally polarized input. The proposed structure is expected to be applied on numerous centrosymmetric flat optical components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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10 pages, 7263 KiB  
Communication
Asymmetric Diffraction in Plasmonic Meta-Gratings Using an IT-Shaped Nanoslit Array
by Hee-Dong Jeong, Seong-Won Moon and Seung-Yeol Lee
Sensors 2021, 21(12), 4097; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21124097 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
Diffraction is a fundamental phenomenon that reveals the wave nature of light. When a plane wave is transmitted or reflected from a grating or other periodic structures, diffracted light waves propagate at several angles that are specified by the period of the given [...] Read more.
Diffraction is a fundamental phenomenon that reveals the wave nature of light. When a plane wave is transmitted or reflected from a grating or other periodic structures, diffracted light waves propagate at several angles that are specified by the period of the given structure. When the optical period is shorter than the wavelength, constructive interference of diffracted light rays from the subwavelength-scale grating forms a uniform plane wave. Many studies have shown that through the appropriate design of meta-atom geometry, metasurfaces can be used to control light properties. However, most semitransparent metasurfaces are designed to perform symmetric operation with regard to diffraction, meaning that light diffraction occurs identically for front- and back-side illumination. We propose a simple single-layer plasmonic metasurface that achieves asymmetric diffraction by optimizing the transmission phase from two types of nanoslits with I- and T-shaped structures. As the proposed structure is designed to have a different effective period for each observation side, it is either diffractive or nondiffractive depending on the direction of observation. The designed structure exhibits a diffraction angle of 54°, which can be further tuned by applying different period conditions. We expect the proposed asymmetric diffraction meta-grating to have great potential for the miniaturized optical diffraction control systems in the infrared band and compact optical diffraction filters for integrated optics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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Review

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18 pages, 4028 KiB  
Review
Dielectric Metalens: Properties and Three-Dimensional Imaging Applications
by Sun-Je Kim, Changhyun Kim, Youngjin Kim, Jinsoo Jeong, Seokho Choi, Woojun Han, Jaisoon Kim and Byoungho Lee
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4584; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134584 - 04 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7445
Abstract
Recently, optical dielectric metasurfaces, ultrathin optical skins with densely arranged dielectric nanoantennas, have arisen as next-generation technologies with merits for miniaturization and functional improvement of conventional optical components. In particular, dielectric metalenses capable of optical focusing and imaging have attracted enormous attention from [...] Read more.
Recently, optical dielectric metasurfaces, ultrathin optical skins with densely arranged dielectric nanoantennas, have arisen as next-generation technologies with merits for miniaturization and functional improvement of conventional optical components. In particular, dielectric metalenses capable of optical focusing and imaging have attracted enormous attention from academic and industrial communities of optics. They can offer cutting-edge lensing functions owing to arbitrary wavefront encoding, polarization tunability, high efficiency, large diffraction angle, strong dispersion, and novel ultracompact integration methods. Based on the properties, dielectric metalenses have been applied to numerous three-dimensional imaging applications including wearable augmented or virtual reality displays with depth information, and optical sensing of three-dimensional position of object and various light properties. In this paper, we introduce the properties of optical dielectric metalenses, and review the working principles and recent advances in three-dimensional imaging applications based on them. The authors envision that the dielectric metalens and metasurface technologies could make breakthroughs for a wide range of compact optical systems for three-dimensional display and sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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22 pages, 44079 KiB  
Review
Chiroptical Metasurfaces: Principles, Classification, and Applications
by Joohoon Kim, Ahsan Sarwar Rana, Yeseul Kim, Inki Kim, Trevon Badloe, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood and Junsuk Rho
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4381; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134381 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6994
Abstract
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the [...] Read more.
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the chiroptical response is necessary. Metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of periodic subwavelength artificial structures, have recently attracted significant attention because of their ability to enhance the chiroptical response by manipulating amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Here, we reviewed the fundamentals of chiroptical metasurfaces as well as categorized types of chiroptical metasurfaces by their intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. Finally, we introduced applications of chiral metasurfaces such as multiplexing metaholograms, metalenses, and sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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