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Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 30292

Special Issue Editors

Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Euripus Campus, 34400 Evia, Greece
Interests: measurement systems and technology; modeling and optimization; RES microgrids; magnetism and magnetic materials; non destructive testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
Interests: electric measurements; sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic sensors play an important role in several industrial, transportation, medical, and energy applications. Examples can be found in advanced manufacturing processes, in safety and security systems for transportation, in innovative medical instruments and procedures, and other areas of interest.

Such excellent works on magnetic sensors deserve high visibility, and their presentation in open access journals, such as Sensors, MDPI, offers the opportunity to address wider audiences and attract the interest of possible end users.

Therefore, we invite the academic community and relevant industrial partners to submit papers in this SI, in the fields of:

  • Magnetic materials and effects suitable for sensing applications;
  • Sensors based on magnetic materials and effects;
  • Applications of sensors based on magnetic materials;
  • Integration of magnetic sensors in arrays and IoT;
  • Modeling of magnetic materials and sensors;
  • Nanomagnetic sensors;
  • Miscellaneous topics on magnetic sensors.

Prof. Evangelos Hristoforou
Prof. Aphrodite Ktena
Prof. Panagiotis Tsarabaris
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic materials
  • magnetic effects
  • magnetic sensors
  • magnetic sensor applications
  • magnetic sensor integration
  • modeling of magnetic materials
  • modeling of magnetic sensors
  • nanomagnetic sensors
  • miscellaneous topics on magnetic sensors

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6662 KiB  
Article
Design of a Low-Cost Small-Size Fluxgate Sensor
by Xiaoyu Shen, Yuntian Teng and Xingxing Hu
Sensors 2021, 21(19), 6598; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196598 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4001
Abstract
Traditional fluxgate sensors used in geomagnetic field observations are large, costly, power-consuming and often limited in their use. Although the size of the micro-fluxgate sensors has been significantly reduced, their performance, including indicators such as accuracy and signal-to-noise, does not meet observational requirements. [...] Read more.
Traditional fluxgate sensors used in geomagnetic field observations are large, costly, power-consuming and often limited in their use. Although the size of the micro-fluxgate sensors has been significantly reduced, their performance, including indicators such as accuracy and signal-to-noise, does not meet observational requirements. To address these problems, a new race-track type probe is designed based on a magnetic core made of a Co-based amorphous ribbon. The size of this single-component probe is only Φ10 mm × 30 mm. The signal processing circuit is also optimized. The whole size of the sensor integrated with probes and data acquisition module is Φ70 mm × 100 mm. Compared with traditional fluxgate and micro-fluxgate sensors, the designed sensor is compact and provides excellent performance equal to traditional fluxgate sensors with good linearity and RMS noise of less than 0.1 nT. From operational tests, the results are in good agreement with those from a standard fluxgate magnetometer. Being more suitable for modern dense deployment of geomagnetic observations, this small-size fluxgate sensor offers promising research applications at lower costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors)
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15 pages, 3152 KiB  
Article
Novel Giant Magnetoimpedance Magnetic Field Sensor
by Piotr Gazda and Roman Szewczyk
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030691 - 27 Jan 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4012
Abstract
The idea, design, and tests of the novel GMI sensor are presented, based on the compensation measurement principle, where the local ‘zero-field’ minimum of the double-peak characteristic was utilized as a sensitive null detector. The compensation field was applied in real-time with the [...] Read more.
The idea, design, and tests of the novel GMI sensor are presented, based on the compensation measurement principle, where the local ‘zero-field’ minimum of the double-peak characteristic was utilized as a sensitive null detector. The compensation field was applied in real-time with the help of microprocessor-based, two-step, quasi-Newtonian optimization. The process of material parameters optimization through Joule-annealing of chosen amorphous alloys is described. The presented results of the prototype test unit show linear output characteristic, low measurement uncertainty, and resistance against time and temperature drift. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors)
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17 pages, 3284 KiB  
Article
High Sensitivity Differential Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Based Sensor for Non-Contacting DC/AC Current Measurement
by Cristian Mușuroi, Mihai Oproiu, Marius Volmer and Ioana Firastrau
Sensors 2020, 20(1), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010323 - 06 Jan 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 8323
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a high sensitivity giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based current sensor with a broad range of applications. The novelty of our approach consists in using a double differential measurement system, based on commercial GMR sensors, with an [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and implementation of a high sensitivity giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based current sensor with a broad range of applications. The novelty of our approach consists in using a double differential measurement system, based on commercial GMR sensors, with an adjustable biasing system used to linearize the field response of the system. The work aims to act as a fully-operational proof of concept application, with an emphasis on the mode of operation and methods to improve the sensitivity and linearity of the measurement system. The implemented system has a broad current measurement range from as low as 75 mA in DC and 150 mA in AC up to 4 A by using a single setup. The sensor system is also very low power, consuming only 6.4 mW. Due to the way the sensors are polarized and positioned above the U-shaped conductive band through which the current to be measured is flowing, the differential setup offers a sensitivity of about between 0.0272 to 0.0307 V/A (signal from sensors with no amplifications), a high immunity to external magnetic fields, low hysteresis effects of 40 mA, and a temperature drift of the offset of about −2.59×10−4 A/°C. The system provides a high flexibility in designing applications where local fields with very low amplitudes must be detected. This setup can be redesigned for a wide range of applications, thus allowing further specific optimizations, which would provide an even greater accuracy and a significantly extended operation range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors)
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Review

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27 pages, 6321 KiB  
Review
Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review
by James S. Bennett, Brian E. Vyhnalek, Hamish Greenall, Elizabeth M. Bridge, Fernando Gotardo, Stefan Forstner, Glen I. Harris, Félix A. Miranda and Warwick P. Bowen
Sensors 2021, 21(16), 5568; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165568 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 12512
Abstract
Aerospace technologies are crucial for modern civilization; space-based infrastructure underpins weather forecasting, communications, terrestrial navigation and logistics, planetary observations, solar monitoring, and other indispensable capabilities. Extraplanetary exploration—including orbital surveys and (more recently) roving, flying, or submersible unmanned vehicles—is also a key scientific and [...] Read more.
Aerospace technologies are crucial for modern civilization; space-based infrastructure underpins weather forecasting, communications, terrestrial navigation and logistics, planetary observations, solar monitoring, and other indispensable capabilities. Extraplanetary exploration—including orbital surveys and (more recently) roving, flying, or submersible unmanned vehicles—is also a key scientific and technological frontier, believed by many to be paramount to the long-term survival and prosperity of humanity. All of these aerospace applications require reliable control of the craft and the ability to record high-precision measurements of physical quantities. Magnetometers deliver on both of these aspects and have been vital to the success of numerous missions. In this review paper, we provide an introduction to the relevant instruments and their applications. We consider past and present magnetometers, their proven aerospace applications, and emerging uses. We then look to the future, reviewing recent progress in magnetometer technology. We particularly focus on magnetometers that use optical readout, including atomic magnetometers, magnetometers based on quantum defects in diamond, and optomechanical magnetometers. These optical magnetometers offer a combination of field sensitivity, size, weight, and power consumption that allows them to reach performance regimes that are inaccessible with existing techniques. This promises to enable new applications in areas ranging from unmanned vehicles to navigation and exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors)
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