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Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors
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Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2024 | Viewed by 4728

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ziren Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment, National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: precise measurement and space technology
Prof. Dr. Gang Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
Interests: ellipsometry; bio-optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical measurement processes use light to make non-contact measurements of the properties of a test object. Optical measurement has the advantages of precision, speed and short response time. Optical measurements have a wide range of applications, such as microscopes, telescopes, sensors, etc. The combination of optical measurement and sensors undoubtedly opens up wider applications for optical measurement and plays an important role in science and engineering.

This Special Issue invites manuscripts that introduce “Recent Advance of Optical Measurement based on Sensors”. All theoretical, numerical, and experimental papers are welcome. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Optical measurement and instruments;
  • Fiber optic sensing;
  • Optical imaging;
  • Spectral measurement;
  • Photoelectric sensing and applications;
  • Interferometric measurement;
  • Optical navigation and equipment;
  • Microscopy.

Prof. Dr. Ziren Luo
Prof. Dr. Gang Jin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4630 KiB  
Article
Study on the Effect of Micro-Force Perturbations and Temperature Fluctuation on Interferometer for the Taiji Program
by Juan Wang, He-Shan Liu, Chao Yang, Ke-Qi Qi, Zi-Ren Luo and Ran Yang
Sensors 2024, 24(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010098 - 24 Dec 2023
Viewed by 542
Abstract
To increase the interferometric measurement resolution in the Taiji program, we present a noise suppression method in this paper. Taking the specific micro-force perturbation and temperature fluctuation in the Taiji-1 interferometer as an example, we set up and experimentally verified the corresponding transfer [...] Read more.
To increase the interferometric measurement resolution in the Taiji program, we present a noise suppression method in this paper. Taking the specific micro-force perturbation and temperature fluctuation in the Taiji-1 interferometer as an example, we set up and experimentally verified the corresponding transfer function to quantify the effect of both noise sources on the interferometric results. Consistent results were obtained between the numerical and experimental results for the transfer function. It is instructive to eliminate the micro-force perturbations and temperature fluctuations during on-orbit interferometric measurement for as long as the acquisition of the force or temperature distribution of related surfaces and the corresponding transfer functions. This indicates that the method can be used for noise sensing and more in the field of noise elimination and measurement resolution improvement for future Taiji program interferometers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors)
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14 pages, 2109 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Detection Precision of the Taiji Program by Frequency Setting Strategy Based on a Hierarchical Optimization Algorithm
by Jiafeng Zhang, Zhen Yang, Xiaoshan Ma, Xiaodong Peng, Chen Gao, Mengyuan Zhao and Wenlin Tang
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9431; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239431 - 27 Nov 2023
Viewed by 558
Abstract
For space-based gravitational wave detection, a laser interferometric measurement system composed of a three-spacecraft formation offers the most rewarding bandwidth of astrophysical sources. There are no oscillators available that are stable enough so that each spacecraft could use its own reference frequency. The [...] Read more.
For space-based gravitational wave detection, a laser interferometric measurement system composed of a three-spacecraft formation offers the most rewarding bandwidth of astrophysical sources. There are no oscillators available that are stable enough so that each spacecraft could use its own reference frequency. The conversion between reference frequencies and their distribution between all spacecrafts for the synchronization of the different metrology systems is the job of the inter-spacecraft frequency setting strategy, which is important for continuously acquiring scientific data and suppressing measurement noise. We propose a hierarchical optimization algorithm to solve the frequency setting strategy. The optimization objectives are minimum total readout displacement noise and maximum beat-note frequency feasible range. Multiple feasible parameter combinations were obtained for the Taiji program. These optimized parameters include lower and upper bounds of the beat note, sampling frequency, pilot tone signal frequency, ultrastable clock frequencies, and modulation depth. Among the 20 Pareto optimal solutions, the minimum total readout displacement noise was 4.12 pm/Hz, and the maximum feasible beat-note frequency range was 23 MHz. By adjusting the upper bound of beat-note frequency and laser power transmitted by the telescope, we explored the effects of these parameters on the minimum total readout displacement noise and optimal local laser power in greater depth. Our results may serve as a reference for the optimal design of laser interferometry system instrument parameters and may ultimately improve the detection performance and continuous detection time of the Taiji program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors)
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44 pages, 22070 KiB  
Article
Method Comparison for Simulating Non-Gaussian Beams and Diffraction for Precision Interferometry
by Mengyuan Zhao, Yazheng Tao, Kevin Weber, Tim Kaune, Sönke Schuster, Zhenxiang Hao and Gudrun Wanner
Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9024; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229024 - 07 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 948
Abstract
In the context of simulating precision laser interferometers, we use several examples to compare two wavefront decomposition methods—the Mode Expansion Method (MEM) and the Gaussian Beam Decomposition (GBD) method—for their precision and applicability. To assess the performance of these methods, we define different [...] Read more.
In the context of simulating precision laser interferometers, we use several examples to compare two wavefront decomposition methods—the Mode Expansion Method (MEM) and the Gaussian Beam Decomposition (GBD) method—for their precision and applicability. To assess the performance of these methods, we define different types of errors and study their properties. We specify how the two methods can be fairly compared and based on that, compare the quality of the MEM and GBD through several examples. Here, we test cases for which analytic results are available, i.e., non-clipped circular and general astigmatic Gaussian beams, as well as clipped circular Gaussian beams, in the near, far, and extremely far fields of millions of kilometers occurring in space-gravitational wave detectors. Additionally, we compare the methods for aberrated wavefronts and their interaction with optical components by testing reflections from differently curved mirrors. We find that both methods can generally be used for decomposing non-Gaussian beams. However, which method is more accurate depends on the optical system and simulation settings. In the given examples, the MEM more accurately describes non-clipped Gaussian beams, whereas for clipped Gaussian beams and the interaction with surfaces, the GBD is more precise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors)
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16 pages, 44511 KiB  
Article
Autonomous State Estimation and Observability Analysis for the Taiji Formation Using High-Precision Optical Sensors
by Bo Wen, Wenlin Tang, Xiaodong Peng and Zhen Yang
Sensors 2023, 23(21), 8672; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218672 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 826
Abstract
In certain observation periods of navigation missions for the Taiji formation, ground observation stations are unable to observe the spacecraft, while the state of the spacecraft can be estimated through the utilization of dynamic equations simulated on prior knowledge. However, this method cannot [...] Read more.
In certain observation periods of navigation missions for the Taiji formation, ground observation stations are unable to observe the spacecraft, while the state of the spacecraft can be estimated through the utilization of dynamic equations simulated on prior knowledge. However, this method cannot accurately track the spacecraft. In this paper, we focus on appropriately selecting the available onboard measurement to estimate the state of the spacecraft of the Taiji formation. We design two schemes to explore the performance of the state estimation based on the interspacecraft interferometry measurements and the measurements obtained from the Sun sensor and the radial velocity sensor. The observability of the system is numerically analyzed using the singular value decomposition method. Furthermore, we analyze error covariance propagation using the cubature Kalman filter. The results show that using high-precision interspacecraft angle measurement can improve significantly the observability of the system. The absolute position and velocity of the spacecraft can be estimated respectively with an accuracy of about 3.1 km and 0.14 m/s in the first scheme, where the prior information of the precision of the position and velocity is respectively 100 km and 1 m/s. When the measurement from the radial velocity sensor is used in the second scheme, the estimation accuracy of the velocity can be improved about 18 times better than that in the first scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors)
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16 pages, 6024 KiB  
Article
Using DWS Optical Readout to Improve the Sensitivity of Torsion Pendulum
by Shaoxin Wang, Heshan Liu, Lei Dai, Ziren Luo, Peng Xu, Pan Li, Ruihong Gao, Dayu Li and Keqi Qi
Sensors 2023, 23(19), 8087; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198087 - 26 Sep 2023
Viewed by 866
Abstract
In space gravitational wave detection missions, a drag-free system is used to keep the test mass (TM) free-falling in an ultralow-noise environment. Ground verification experiments should be carried out to clarify the shielding and compensating capabilities of the system for multiple stray force [...] Read more.
In space gravitational wave detection missions, a drag-free system is used to keep the test mass (TM) free-falling in an ultralow-noise environment. Ground verification experiments should be carried out to clarify the shielding and compensating capabilities of the system for multiple stray force noises. A hybrid apparatus was designed and analyzed based on the traditional torsion pendulum, and a technique for enhancing the sensitivity of the torsion pendulum system by employing the differential wavefront sensing (DWS) optical readout was proposed. The readout resolution experiment was then carried out on an optical bench that was designed and established. The results indicate that the angular resolution of the DWS signal in optical readout mode can reach the level of 10 nrad/Hz1/2 over the full measurement band. Compared with the autocollimator, the sensitivity of the torsional pendulum is noticeably improved, and the background noise is expected to reach 4.5 × 10−15 Nm/Hz1/2@10 mHz. This method could also be applied to future upgrades of similar systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance of Optical Measurement Based on Sensors)
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