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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 26453

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Dr. Angeliki Brouzgou

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Energy Systems Department, Faculty of Technology, University of Thessaly, Geapolis, Regional Road Trikala-Larisa, 41500 Larisa, Greece
Interests: electrochemical sensors; fuel cells; electrocatalysis; nanomaterials
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Dr. Theodoros Damartzis

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Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering (IPESE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
Interests: modeling and optimization design of energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As electrochemical technology has evolved over the years, it has proven to be a considerably important tool in the fields of neuroscience and medical diagnosis. The nervous system is controlled by many compounds, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and others (known also as neuromodulators), which can be detected with the aid of electrochemical sensors. Accurate detection of such substances could lead to earlier diagnosis of diseases and to a better comprehension of the nervous system. Selectivity and stability of the studied materials involved in such sensors are the main challenges, mainly for in vivo electrochemical recordings. Enzymeless-based electrochemical sensors are considered promising candidates for such compounds’ detection.

Prof. Dr. Brouzgou Angeliki
Dr. Theodoros Damartzis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

enzymeless-based electrochemical sensors
electrochemical detection
electrode materials
medical diagnosis.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

2D Quantitative Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles by an AC Biosusceptometry Based Scanning Approach and Inverse Problem

by Gabriel Gustavo de Albuquerque Biasotti, Andre Gonçalves Próspero, Marcelo Dante Tacconi Alvarez, Maik Liebl, Leonardo Antonio Pinto, Guilherme Augusto Soares, Andris Figueiroa Bakuzis, Oswaldo Baffa, Frank Wiekhorst and José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda

Sensors 2021, 21(21), 7063; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217063 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2045

Abstract

The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in biomedical applications requires the quantitative knowledge of their quantitative distribution within the body. AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) is a biomagnetic technique recently employed to detect MNPs in vivo by measuring the MNPs response when exposed to an alternate magnetic field. The ACB technique presents some interesting characteristics: non-invasiveness, low operational cost, high portability, and no need for magnetic shielding. ACB conventional methods until now provided only qualitative information about the MNPs’ mapping in small animals. We present a theoretical model and experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of ACB reconstructing 2D quantitative images of MNPs’ distributions. We employed an ACB single-channel scanning approach, measuring at 361 sensor positions, to reconstruct MNPs’ spatial distributions. For this, we established a discrete forward problem and solved the ACB system’s inverse problem. Thus, we were able to determine the positions and quantities of MNPs in a field of view of

5 \times 5 \times 1 {cm}^{3}

with good precision and accuracy. The results show the ACB system’s capabilities to reconstruct the quantitative spatial distribution of MNPs with a spatial resolution better than

1 cm

, and a sensitivity of

1.17 mg

of MNPs fixed in gypsum. These results show the system’s potential for biomedical application of MNPs in several studies, for example, electrochemical-functionalized MNPs for cancer cell targeting, quantitative sensing, and possibly in vivo imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for Biomedical Applications)

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16 pages, 6414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensor Based on a Poly[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate-Co-Styrene], Gold Nanoparticles, and Methylene Blue-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Melamine Detection

by Fairouz Aberkane, Imene Abdou, Nadia Zine, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault, Abdelhamid Elaissari and Abdelhamid Errachid

Sensors 2021, 21(8), 2850; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082850 - 18 Apr 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2631

Abstract

Melamine has been used as a non-protein nitrogenous additive in food products to artificially increase the apparent “false” protein content. Melamine is known as a dangerous and poisonous substance for human health and it causes diverse diseases. An electrochemical sensor for melamine detection has been developed by modification of a glassy carbon electrode using copolymer poly[DMAEMA-co-styrene], gold nanoparticles, and methylene blue. The characterization of the modified electrode was conducted using several analysis techniques including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical detection of melamine was performed by impedance spectroscopy. Obtained results revealed that the developed sensor has a large detection range from 5.0 × 10⁻¹³ to 3.8 × 10⁻⁸ M with a low detection limit of 1.8 × 10⁻¹² M (at S/N = 3). Various interfering species such as phenol, hydroquinone, and bisphenol A have been used and their behavior on modified electrode has been studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for Biomedical Applications)

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Review

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24 pages, 2193 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cost Effective Synthesis of Graphene Nanomaterials for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose: A Comprehensive Review

by Georgia Balkourani, Theodoros Damartzis, Angeliki Brouzgou and Panagiotis Tsiakaras

Sensors 2022, 22(1), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010355 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4525

Abstract

The high conductivity of graphene material (or its derivatives) and its very large surface area enhance the direct electron transfer, improving non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors sensitivity and its other characteristics. The offered large pores facilitate analyte transport enabling glucose detection even at very low concentration values. In the current review paper we classified the enzymeless graphene-based glucose electrocatalysts’ synthesis methods that have been followed into the last few years into four main categories: (i) direct growth of graphene (or oxides) on metallic substrates, (ii) in-situ growth of metallic nanoparticles into graphene (or oxides) matrix, (iii) laser-induced graphene electrodes and (iv) polymer functionalized graphene (or oxides) electrodes. The increment of the specific surface area and the high degree reduction of the electrode internal resistance were recognized as their common targets. Analyzing glucose electrooxidation mechanism over Cu- Co- and Ni-(oxide)/graphene (or derivative) electrocatalysts, we deduced that glucose electrochemical sensing properties, such as sensitivity, detection limit and linear detection limit, totally depend on the route of the mass and charge transport between metal(II)/metal(III); and so both (specific area and internal resistance) should have the optimum values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for Biomedical Applications)

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24 pages, 3639 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Surfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing

by Linda Bertel, David A. Miranda and José Miguel García-Martín

Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6167; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186167 - 14 Sep 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5108

Abstract

TiO₂ electrochemical biosensors represent an option for biomolecules recognition associated with diseases, food or environmental contaminants, drug interactions and related topics. The relevance of TiO₂ biosensors is due to the high selectivity and sensitivity that can be achieved. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO₂ surfaces requires knowing the signal extracted from them and its relationship with the properties of the transducer, such as the crystalline phase, the roughness and the morphology of the TiO₂ nanostructures. Using relevant literature published in the last decade, an overview of TiO₂ based biosensors is here provided. First, the principal fabrication methods of nanostructured TiO₂ surfaces are presented and their properties are briefly described. Secondly, the different detection techniques and representative examples of their applications are provided. Finally, the functionalization strategies with biomolecules are discussed. This work could contribute as a reference for the design of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO₂ surfaces, considering the detection technique and the experimental electrochemical conditions needed for a specific analyte. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for Biomedical Applications)

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26 pages, 2381 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

by Mohamed H. Hassan, Cian Vyas, Bruce Grieve and Paulo Bartolo

Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4672; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144672 - 08 Jul 2021

Cited by 145 | Viewed by 11017

Abstract

The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for Biomedical Applications)

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