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Sensors for Road Vehicles of the Future-Edition 2

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Vehicular Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 5186

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Automóvil (INSIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: intelligent transport systems; advanced driver assistance systems; vehicle positioning; inertial sensors; digital maps; vehicle dynamics; driver monitoring; perception; autonomous vehicles; cooperative services; connected and autonomous driving
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

New vehicles include several systems that improve their safety, comfort, and performance. A key part of these systems is the use of several sensors around the vehicle, capturing information from the vehicle and its surroundings. For this reason, today, the development and implementation of new sensors is crucial, using new technologies, improving their measuring capabilities, and providing new information that, up to now, has not been necessary but has become essential.

This Special Issue deals with sensors that have been introduced or will be introduced in the near future in road vehicles. Several sensor families are included in this group, such as the following: propulsion system sensors, sensors for assistance systems, sensors for vehicle dynamics, sensors for capturing information from the vehicle’s surroundings, sensors for capturing data from the vehicle interior, sensors for driver supervision, etc. Positioning and digital maps could also be considered as secondary sensors that could provide information, and thus, their challenges will also be taken into account.

Furthermore, new technologies for sensors are now appearing in order to overcome current limitations, to provide new services that had not previously been considered, or to mitigate the high costs of the relevant technology.

Finally, new sensors involve new algorithms to be implemented for new systems. In this field, we could include perception algorithms (for example, road or obstacle detection) and control algorithms for assistance or autonomous applications. In many cases, algorithms involve sensor fusion, and current trends and solutions in this field are also a key issue in obtaining reliable and complete information.

Similarly, although the scope of this Special Issue is not specifically focused on the final systems, practical applications supported by the new sensors may also be included.

Issues related to the applicable requirements for sensors to meet the specifications of new systems are also included within the scope of this Special Issue. In this regard, it is relevant to indicate the specific requirements that must be taken into account in the automotive sector, given the strong accuracy, availability, and reliability of specifications. Moreover, the harsh environment in which they work (noise, vibration, dirt, etc.) must be considered.

Finally, studies of the state of the art in relation to the evolution of onboard sensors on vehicles and their impact on the evolution of the automobile are also welcome.

In conclusion, this Special Issue aims to bring together innovative developments in areas related to sensors and smart cities, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Sensors;
  • Engine sensors;
  • Perception sensors;
  • Vehicle dynamics sensors;
  • Sensors for driver supervision;
  • Positioning and digital maps;
  • New assistance systems based on new sensors;
  • Sensorial technologies;
  • Sensors for connected and autonomous driving;
  • Sensors requirements;
  • Review of the state of the art of sensors in road vehicles.

Authors are invited to contact the guest editor prior to submission if they are uncertain about whether their work falls within the general scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Felipe Jiménez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • road vehicles
  • sensors
  • engine
  • positioning
  • sensor fusion
  • perception sensors
  • vehicle dynamics sensors
  • driver assistance systems
  • connected and autonomous vehicles

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 10816 KiB  
Article
Vehicle State Estimation Combining Physics-Informed Neural Network and Unscented Kalman Filtering on Manifolds
by Chenkai Tan, Yingfeng Cai, Hai Wang, Xiaoqiang Sun and Long Chen
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6665; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156665 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1867
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel vehicle state estimation (VSE) method that combines a physics-informed neural network (PINN) and an unscented Kalman filter on manifolds (UKF-M). This VSE aimed to achieve inertial measurement unit (IMU) calibration and provide comprehensive information on the vehicle’s dynamic [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a novel vehicle state estimation (VSE) method that combines a physics-informed neural network (PINN) and an unscented Kalman filter on manifolds (UKF-M). This VSE aimed to achieve inertial measurement unit (IMU) calibration and provide comprehensive information on the vehicle’s dynamic state. The proposed method leverages a PINN to eliminate IMU drift by constraining the loss function with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the UKF-M is used to estimate the 3D attitude, velocity, and position of the vehicle more accurately using a six-degrees-of-freedom vehicle model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PINN method can learn from multiple sensors and reduce the impact of sensor biases by constraining the ODEs without affecting the sensor characteristics. Compared to the UKF-M algorithm alone, our VSE can better estimate vehicle states. The proposed method has the potential to automatically reduce the impact of sensor drift during vehicle operation, making it more suitable for real-world applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Road Vehicles of the Future-Edition 2)
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25 pages, 3725 KiB  
Article
Next-Generation Pedal: Integration of Sensors in a Braking Pedal for a Full Brake-by-Wire System
by Jose Ángel Gumiel, Jon Mabe, Fernando Burguera, Jaime Jiménez and Jon Barruetabeña
Sensors 2023, 23(14), 6345; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146345 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2878
Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to designing and validating a fully electronic braking pedal, addressing the growing integration of electronics in vehicles. With the imminent rise of brake-by-wire (BBW) technology, the brake pedal requires electronification to keep pace with industry advancements. This [...] Read more.
This article presents a novel approach to designing and validating a fully electronic braking pedal, addressing the growing integration of electronics in vehicles. With the imminent rise of brake-by-wire (BBW) technology, the brake pedal requires electronification to keep pace with industry advancements. This research explores technologies and features for the next-generation pedal, including low-power consumption electronics, cost-effective sensors, active adjustable pedals, and a retractable pedal for autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, this research brings the benefits of the water injection technique (WIT) as the base for manufacturing plastic pedal brakes towards reducing cost and weight while enhancing torsional stiffness. Communication with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) has provided valuable insights and feedback, facilitating a productive exchange of ideas. The findings include two sensor prototypes utilizing inductive technology and printed-ink gauges. Significantly, reduced power consumption was achieved in a Hall-effect sensor already in production. Additionally, a functional BBW prototype was developed and validated. This research presents an innovative approach to pedal design that aligns with current electrification trends and autonomous vehicles. It positions the braking pedal as an advanced component that has the potential to redefine industry standards. In summary, this research significantly contributes to the electronic braking pedal technology presenting the critical industry needs that have driven technical studies and progress in the field of sensors, electronics, and materials, highlighting the challenges that component manufacturers will inevitably face in the forthcoming years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Road Vehicles of the Future-Edition 2)
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