New Advance of Risk Management Models

A special issue of Risks (ISSN 2227-9091).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 31151

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Management, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
2. Department of Management, J. Selye University, Bratislavska cesta 3322, 94501 Komárno, Slovakia
Interests: change and knowledge management; HR; organizational development; organizational behaviour

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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Information Systems and Business Analytics, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO 80254, USA
Interests: computer information systems; business applications; information systems security

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Guest Editor
Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA
Interests: higher education; adult education; organizational studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current business environment is characterised by shorter product life cycles, a higher consumer demand and sustainable and environmentally friendly products and services, which, embedded in unpredictable political, economic and social conditions, pose a major challenge for all organisations. Organisations wanting to succeed in an ever-changing market need to rethink their existing business operations and models, placing greater emphasis on innovation towards sustainability. This requires a business model that creates a safe and secure operation able to minimise risk in all elements of a business' operations. This also means being aware of potential risk factors and their potential impact on all aspects and levels of day-to-day operations, from the establishment of a business to the sustainability of successful operations. When we consider the risks of a business, we have to take into account problems in IT, quality, technology, people, finance, planning and implementation, maintenance, project implementation, etc. Managing all of these is a major challenge for managers, who must also take into account the risks associated with their decisions and knowledge. The aim of this Special Issue is to publish studies that, through their diversity, can provide a comprehensive picture of the risks that businesses face and the management models that can deal with the challenges posed by new risk factors. We plan to publish studies presenting management models suitable for dealing with new constantly emerging risks, or ones presenting novel solutions for dealing with existing, classic organisational risks. We welcome papers illustrating the theoretical and practical applications of quantitative and qualitative risk models, as well as presenting new quantitative risk models, with a preference for papers taking financial areas into consideration.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Bencsik
Prof. Dr. Janos Fustos
Prof. Dr. Maria Jakubik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • new quantitative risk management models
  • financial risk management model
  • qualitative risk management models
  • risk models of organisational functioning
  • organisational processes and management risk models
  • new quantitative management risk models

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 2163 KiB  
Article
Current and Expected Development of Corporate Strategies for Managing Environmental Risks in Hungary
by Hajnalka Fekete-Berzsenyi, Katalin Molnárné Barna and Melinda Koczor-Keul
Risks 2023, 11(3), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11030047 - 21 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1524
Abstract
Environmental challenges often present businesses with unexpected situations, and in order to address them, innovation in the direction of sustainability must become an unavoidable activity. This entails the transformation and development of the existing business models, assuming a great business risk. The occurrence [...] Read more.
Environmental challenges often present businesses with unexpected situations, and in order to address them, innovation in the direction of sustainability must become an unavoidable activity. This entails the transformation and development of the existing business models, assuming a great business risk. The occurrence of the risk and its extent can only be estimated, which is why it is important to have management models that are able to handle the challenges posed by new, constantly arising risk factors. We analyzed the largest companies based on the number of employees with headquarters or sites in Hungary with regard to the management methods used by them to manage environmental risks. The methods used were the analysis of variance and cluster analysis. Based on the results of the research it is clear that the companies surveyed are already very concerned with environmental opportunities and risks, and they expect that the role of innovations applied to manage them to play a more prominent role in their future target system. However, the level of this is significantly different and does not depend on the financial performance, and at the same time companies can be divided into distinct groups according to the level of environmental risk management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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18 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
Towards a More Resilient Festival Industry: An Analysis of the Adoption of Risk Management Models for Sustainability
by Katalin Lorincz, Katalin Formadi and Ildiko Ernszt
Risks 2023, 11(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11020045 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2998
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on numerous industries, including the event industry, resulting in widespread disruptions. The widespread cancellations of festivals have been a direct consequence of the pandemic, and, following the reopening, those that have taken place have had [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on numerous industries, including the event industry, resulting in widespread disruptions. The widespread cancellations of festivals have been a direct consequence of the pandemic, and, following the reopening, those that have taken place have had to implement changes in response to the new guidelines and regulations created as a result of the pandemic. In this study, we examine the experiences of festivals held in 2021 in the Veszprém–Balaton 2023 European Capital of Culture region (VEB 2023 region). The study aims to adapt the PwC Risk Management Model and identify its four pillars (1: detect; 2: protect; 3: react; 4: restore) in the case of festivals. Our study outlines how festival organizers have faced unprecedented challenges and risks (detect), how they survived in complete uncertainty (protect), what lessons they learned, and what risk management decisions they made as a challenge of the pandemic period from a consumer perspective (react). The present study utilized a qualitative research methodology and involved conducting structured interviews with a total of 19 event organizers from five different events. In addition, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sustainable consumption habits of festival visitors, a questionnaire survey was administered yielding 1133 responses. The biggest challenges for the organizers during the times of the pandemic were uncertainty and unpredictability, with increased financial, human, and mental risks and burdens. However, the positive benefits of the pandemic period and the future developmental directions of sustainable festivals were also highlighted (e.g., small-scale, family-friendly events). Regarding the future, the aspects of greening aspirations, a need to reflect on the social-environmental criteria of sustainability, and more flexible management decisions to deal with uncertainty have emerged among the festival organizers (restore). The research has revealed that festival visitors themselves will be important allies in the introduction of sustainable measures. The research result helps festival organizers to adapt more effectively to the new socio-economic circumstances caused by the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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16 pages, 425 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Modern Forecasting Models in Predicting Commodity Futures Prices in Volatile Economic Times
by László Vancsura, Tibor Tatay and Tibor Bareith
Risks 2023, 11(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11020027 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
The paper seeks to answer the question of how price forecasting can contribute to which techniques gives the most accurate results in the futures commodity market. A total of two families of models (decision trees, artificial intelligence) were used to produce estimates for [...] Read more.
The paper seeks to answer the question of how price forecasting can contribute to which techniques gives the most accurate results in the futures commodity market. A total of two families of models (decision trees, artificial intelligence) were used to produce estimates for 2018 and 2022 for 21- and 125-day periods. The main findings of the study are that in a calm economic environment, the estimation accuracy is higher (1.5% vs. 4%), and that the AI-based estimation methods provide the most accurate estimates for both time horizons. These models provide the most accurate forecasts over short and medium time periods. Incorporating these forecasts into the ERM can significantly help to hedge purchase prices. Artificial intelligence-based models are becoming increasingly widely available, and can achieve significantly better accuracy than other approximations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
16 pages, 813 KiB  
Article
Perceived Risks of Autonomous Vehicles
by Kornélia Lazányi
Risks 2023, 11(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11020026 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
Whilst self-driving cars are not vehicles of the future, but technology that is already available, their acceptance and implementation is heavily limited. People consider them as technology that has a lot of risk—be it technological, IT related, or even ethical. The aim of [...] Read more.
Whilst self-driving cars are not vehicles of the future, but technology that is already available, their acceptance and implementation is heavily limited. People consider them as technology that has a lot of risk—be it technological, IT related, or even ethical. The aim of the present paper is to enrich the existing body of literature of risk perception—and in line with this technology adaption—regarding autonomous vehicles and how they are influenced by demographic and exogenous cultural variables. Whilst the effect of cultural variables on risk perception has already been explored by several researchers, the present paper shall be considered an expansion of those works, striving to address a particular segment of risk perception—the specifics of cultural influence on risk perception regarding autonomous vehicles. Whilst risk perception is of a multifaceted nature, the current paper does not aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex phenomenon under scrutiny, but intends to highlight the potentiality of cultural influences besides the often-explored individual variables when it comes to risk perception and the consequent decisions and indicates that the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede use to create a better understanding of perceived risks related to self-driving cars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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26 pages, 493 KiB  
Article
Valuation of Equity-Linked Death Benefits on Two Lives with Dependence
by Kokou Essiomle and Franck Adékambi
Risks 2023, 11(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11010021 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate equity-linked death benefits for joint alive and last survivor individuals. Utilizing Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) type dependency modeling framework, we first analyze the joint distribution of the couple (joint alive and last survival density) when marginal distributions [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate equity-linked death benefits for joint alive and last survivor individuals. Utilizing Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) type dependency modeling framework, we first analyze the joint distribution of the couple (joint alive and last survival density) when marginal distributions follow mixed exponentials and weighted exponentials distributions. Then, we derive the price of the guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) product. In addition, we provide closed analytical expressions of the price of some financial contingent claim contracts (classical and exotic options). Furthermore, we present some numerical results to support our theoretical results. We show in our numerical example that it is important to model the dependency between two lives (couple) since the price changes as the copula parameter changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
18 pages, 1244 KiB  
Article
Solutions to Manage Smart Cities’ Risks in Times of Pandemic Crisis
by Mariana Petrova and Iskren Tairov
Risks 2022, 10(12), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10120240 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate technologies, methods, and approaches that can be used to effectively manage smart city risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper was based on a review of specialized literature sources and expert statements [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper was to investigate technologies, methods, and approaches that can be used to effectively manage smart city risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper was based on a review of specialized literature sources and expert statements on smart cities in times of crisis, specifically during COVID-19. A systematic literature review served as the research’s methodological foundation; this was supplemented by conceptual data analysis techniques and a modeling method. Our initial search yielded 234 research articles, 38 of which met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A further 32 studies fell outside of the criteria for supporting smart cities’ crisis management. The main findings showed that technologies can respond quickly to pandemic crisis risks while also ensuring the availability of urban functionality and that there are numerous risks in implementing technologies to achieve effective management. The main risks were privacy concerns, social inclusion, political bias, misinformation and fake news, and technical difficulties with education and distance employment. The practical significance of the paper lay in proposing a model based on specific technologies and policies aimed at effective risk management in the days of COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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16 pages, 1207 KiB  
Article
Development of the PRISM Risk Assessment Method Based on a Multiple AHP-TOPSIS Approach
by Ferenc Bognár, Balázs Szentes and Petra Benedek
Risks 2022, 10(11), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10110213 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2481
Abstract
The PRISM method is a risk assessment approach that focuses on hidden-risk identification and ranking. The combined AHP-PRISM method was created for strategic assessments based on pairwise comparisons. The PRISM and AHP-PRISM methods have remarkable visual decision support and control functions that make [...] Read more.
The PRISM method is a risk assessment approach that focuses on hidden-risk identification and ranking. The combined AHP-PRISM method was created for strategic assessments based on pairwise comparisons. The PRISM and AHP-PRISM methods have remarkable visual decision support and control functions that make them useful in practical problem solving. However, the methods can be successfully applied with the same factor weights. To eliminate this significant disadvantage and enable an in-depth analysis of the alternatives based on the ideal best and ideal worst solutions, AHP-PRISM was integrated with TOPSIS in this study. As a result, the novel AHP-TOPSIS-based PRISM method can be configured more extensively for practical decision-making problems than the previous PRISM approaches. In addition, the novel method supports the ideal best and worst analysis of the alternatives without losing its ability to focus on identifying hidden risk. The method was tested on data related to strategic incident groups of incoming logistics business processes at a nuclear power plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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21 pages, 1271 KiB  
Article
Trading Binary Options Using Expected Profit and Loss Metrics
by Johannes Hendrik Venter and Pieter Juriaan De Jongh
Risks 2022, 10(11), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10110212 - 08 Nov 2022
Viewed by 3521
Abstract
Trading in binary options is discussed using an approach based on expected profit (EP) and expected loss (EL) as metrics of reward and risk of trades. These metrics are reviewed and the role of the EL/EP ratio as an indicator of quality of [...] Read more.
Trading in binary options is discussed using an approach based on expected profit (EP) and expected loss (EL) as metrics of reward and risk of trades. These metrics are reviewed and the role of the EL/EP ratio as an indicator of quality of trades, taking risk tolerance into account, is discussed. Formulas are derived for the EP and EL of call and put binaries assuming that the price of the underlying asset follows a geometric Brownian motion. The results are illustrated with practical data from the Nadex trading platform. The Black–Scholes notion of implied volatility is extended to wider notions of implied drift and volatility of the price process of the underlying asset. Illustrations show how these notions can be used to identify attractive binary trades, taking anticipated price movement into account. The problem of selecting portfolios of call and put binary options which maximize portfolio EP while constraining the portfolio EL to satisfy risk tolerance and diversification requirements, is formulated and solved by linear programming. This is also illustrated with the Nadex data under various scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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17 pages, 1496 KiB  
Article
The COVID-19 Impact on Supply Chains, Focusing on the Automotive Segment during the Second and Third Wave of the Pandemic
by Beáta Sz. G. Pató, Márk Herczeg and Ágnes Csiszárik-Kocsir
Risks 2022, 10(10), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10100189 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8273
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been several big changes in the automotive industry, and global automotive supply chains have faced many challenges, mainly due to the COVID-19 epidemic. The virus had several huge impacts on the global market, with different risk [...] Read more.
In the last few years, there have been several big changes in the automotive industry, and global automotive supply chains have faced many challenges, mainly due to the COVID-19 epidemic. The virus had several huge impacts on the global market, with different risk management approaches companies and global supply chains needed to adapt to the altered situation. During the second and third wave of the epidemic, several regions and countries were under lockdown for different intervals in order to stop the spread of the virus. Some countries entered lockdown for the first time, and many of them entered lockdown again, as when the first wave occurred. The economy of the Philippines is dependent on electronics-related industries, which faced extraordinary risks from different sources, and these industries suffered severe consequences because of COVID-19. Crucial automotive suppliers outsource their production facilities to the Philippines region, and the dominant semiconductor segments were heavily impaired due to the lockdowns. Electrification in the automotive industry and the spread of electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important due to rapid technological development. The economic shock caused by COVID-19 forced companies in this sector to diversify their supply chain activities in order to stay competitive, minimize the supply chain-related risks and to start recovery processes. The authors analysed the risks, position, opportunities, challenges, difficulties, reactions and solutions of a certain automotive supplier, which was heavily reliant on the Philippines, and Chinese suppliers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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23 pages, 2797 KiB  
Article
Model of the Factors Affecting the Eco-Innovation Activity of Bulgarian Industrial Enterprises
by Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva, Iordanka Alexieva, Katina Valeva and Mariana Petrova
Risks 2022, 10(9), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10090178 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2253
Abstract
In recent years, modern society has faced a number of challenges related to the achievement of global goals for sustainable development. Industrial enterprises are challenged to generate, stimulate, and demand changes in networks and supply chains, but these challenges require flexibility and innovation [...] Read more.
In recent years, modern society has faced a number of challenges related to the achievement of global goals for sustainable development. Industrial enterprises are challenged to generate, stimulate, and demand changes in networks and supply chains, but these challenges require flexibility and innovation activity in different directions. The data for Bulgaria show that the country is last among the countries of the European Union in terms of the creation and implementation of eco-innovations. Despite this result, the pace at which the country is developing shows that in the next few years, Bulgaria has the potential to move from a modest to a moderate eco-innovator, provided that it succeeds in filling the structural gaps in the system of ecological innovation. These gaps are related not only to the need for changes in the investment of resources but also to the need for changes in individual and related systems such as science and innovation, support for SMEs, the energy system, etc. Most of the research on sustainable innovation and eco-innovation has, however, focused on firm innovation models dominated by short-term profit-maximizing approaches. Therefore, there is a need to conduct research and propose adequate strategies for modern business environments and design models that facilitate the implementation of eco-innovations in industrial enterprises. The purpose of this report is to investigate the factors influencing the development of eco-innovation activities of Bulgarian industrial enterprises, examining how they can help to achieve success through eco-innovation and improve business results. A factorial model is proposed, through which the relationships between technological, financial, organizational, informational resources, research and development activities (R&D), and company cooperation are analyzed. The PLS structural equation modeling technique was used to validate the proposed theoretical model. The survey was conducted among 380 industrial enterprises from all over the sectors of the economy in Bulgaria with the help of a specially developed questionnaire within the period of April 2019 to December 2021. The obtained results show that human resources, financial resources, and cooperation positively influence research and development activities. In addition, the achievement of a positive effect on the management of eco-innovations affects the innovation activities of industrial enterprises, their ability to carry out research and development activities, as well as their ability to manage the technical and technological resources at their disposal effectively. Finally, the innovation activity aimed at carrying out scientific research and development activity, products and processes obtained as a result of the eco-innovation activity, and adequate information management directly affect the efficiency of business processes and financial results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance of Risk Management Models)
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