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Remote Sensing
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Volcano Thermal Activity Monitoring Using Remote Sensing
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Volcano Thermal Activity Monitoring Using Remote Sensing

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 April 2024 | Viewed by 4796

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Olga Girina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
Interests: volcanology; explosive volcanic eruptions; volcanic ash and aviation safety; volcano monitoring; remote sensing; pyroclastic products of andesite volcanoes
Dr. Aleksei Sorokin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computing Center Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia
Interests: computer vision; remote sensing; machine learning; high-performance computing systems; natural hazards
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A thermal anomaly in a volcanic area is one of the main indicators of volcanic activity, and hence is an indicator of potential danger to the population. In recent years, much research has been undertaken on thermal anomalies in volcanic areas. For example, famous near-real-time thermal monitoring systems (e.g., MODVOLC, MIROVA, etc.) for the automated detection of thermal anomalies make it possible to monitor the activity of volcanoes around the world.

It is known that temperatures of thermal anomalies are characteristic of various phases of volcanic activity. In general, low temperature relates to the phase of fumarole activity (the state of relative dormancy of the volcano), while medium and high temperatures indicate the arrival of magmatic matter at the Earth’s surface. The average temperature of the anomaly indicates the phase of preparation for the eruption of basaltic volcanoes, or the real extrusive–effusive eruption (squeezing out extrusive blocks or lava flows) of andesitic volcanoes. High-temperature anomalies suggest an impending real explosive eruption (Strombolian, Vulcanian, or other types), or an effusive eruption of a basalt volcano (the outpouring of lava flows) or an andesitic volcano (the squeezing out of plastic lava flows).

The activity of each volcano develops in its own way due differences in geographical location, geological conditions, etc. Thus, changing characteristics of thermal anomalies are particular to each individual volcano. The Special Issue is devoted to: (a) monitoring the thermal activity of individual volcanoes or groups of volcanoes; (b) the analysis of the thermal activity of individual volcanoes or groups of volcanoes during one eruption or over a period of time; (c) the analysis of the thermal features of various types of eruptions, etc. The analysis of the thermal activity of volcanoes can be performed using various methods and technologies, including video surveillance and satellite remote sensing, among others.

Dr. Olga Girina
Dr. Aleksei Sorokin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • volcano monitoring
  • thermal anomaly
  • remote sensing
  • ground-based networks
  • satellite data
  • video data

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 3091 KiB  
Article
Monitoring the Thermal Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes during 2015–2022 Using Remote Sensing
by Olga Girina, Alexander Manevich, Evgeny Loupian, Ivan Uvarov, Sergey Korolev, Aleksei Sorokin, Iraida Romanova, Lubov Kramareva and Mikhail Burtsev
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(19), 4775; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194775 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1265
Abstract
The powerful explosive eruptions with large volumes of volcanic ash pose a great danger to the population and jet aircraft. Global experience in monitoring volcanoes and observing changes in the parameters of their thermal anomalies is successfully used to analyze the activity of [...] Read more.
The powerful explosive eruptions with large volumes of volcanic ash pose a great danger to the population and jet aircraft. Global experience in monitoring volcanoes and observing changes in the parameters of their thermal anomalies is successfully used to analyze the activity of volcanoes and predict their danger to the population. The Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, with its 30 active volcanoes, is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. The article considers the thermal activity in 2015–2022 of the Klyuchevskoy, Sheveluch, Bezymianny, and Karymsky volcanoes, whose rock composition varies from basaltic andesite to dacite. This study is based on the analysis of the Value of Temperature Difference between the thermal Anomaly and the Background (the VTDAB), obtained by manual processing of the AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS, and MSU-MR satellite data in the VolSatView information system. Based on the VTDAB data, the following “background activity of the volcanoes” was determined: 20 °C for Sheveluch and Bezymianny, 12 °C for Klyuchevskoy, and 13–15 °C for Karymsky. This study showed that the highest temperature of the thermal anomaly corresponds to the juvenile magmatic material that arrived on the earth’s surface. The highest VTDAB is different for each volcano; it depends on the composition of the eruptive products produced by the volcano and on the character of an eruption. A joint analysis of the dynamics of the eruption of each volcano and changes in its thermal activity made it possible to determine the range of the VTDAB for different phases of a volcanic eruption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Thermal Activity Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)
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24 pages, 8617 KiB  
Article
The Capabilities of FY-3D/MERSI-II Sensor to Detect and Quantify Thermal Volcanic Activity: The 2020–2023 Mount Etna Case Study
by Simone Aveni, Marco Laiolo, Adele Campus, Francesco Massimetti and Diego Coppola
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(10), 2528; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102528 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
Satellite data provide crucial information to better understand volcanic processes and mitigate associated risks. In recent years, exploiting the growing number of spaceborne polar platforms, several automated volcanic monitoring systems have been developed. These, however, rely on good geometrical and meteorological conditions, as [...] Read more.
Satellite data provide crucial information to better understand volcanic processes and mitigate associated risks. In recent years, exploiting the growing number of spaceborne polar platforms, several automated volcanic monitoring systems have been developed. These, however, rely on good geometrical and meteorological conditions, as well as on the occurrence of thermally detectable activity at the time of acquisition. A multiplatform approach can thus increase the number of volcanological-suitable scenes, minimise the temporal gap between acquisitions, and provide crucial information on the onset, evolution, and conclusion of both transient and long-lasting volcanic episodes. In this work, we assessed the capabilities of the MEdium Resolution Spectral Imager-II (MERSI-II) sensor aboard the Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) platform to detect and quantify heat flux sourced from volcanic activity. Using the Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) algorithm, we processed 3117 MERSI-II scenes of Mount Etna acquired between January 2020 and February 2023. We then compared the Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP, in Watt) timeseries against those obtained by MODIS and VIIRS sensors. The remarkable agreement between the timeseries, both in trends and magnitudes, was corroborated by correlation coefficients (ρ) between 0.93 and 0.95 and coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.79 to 0.84. Integrating the datasets of the three sensors, we examined the effusive eruption of Mount Etna started on 27 November 2022, and estimated a total volume of erupted lava of 8.15 ± 2.44 × 106 m3 with a Mean Output Rate (MOR) of 1.35 ± 0.40 m3 s−1. The reduced temporal gaps between acquisitions revealed that rapid variations in cloud coverage as well as geometrically unfavourable conditions play a major role in thermal volcano monitoring. Evaluating the capabilities of MERSI-II, we also highlight how a multiplatform approach is essential to enhance the efficiency of satellite-based systems for volcanic surveillance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Thermal Activity Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)
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