Modern Approaches to the Sīrah Genre, Prophetic Stories, and Prophethood in Islamic Thought

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 14256

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilization, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne 3062, Australia
Interests: sīrah (biography of Prophet Muhammad); sīrah literature; sīrah philosophy; maghāzī; Prophet Muhammad; orientalist studies; fiqh al-sīrah; Islamic modernism; prophethood; Islamic theology; comparative theology; Qasas al-anbiya; history of prophets; interpretation of Islamic sacred texts, tafsīr (exegesis of the Qur’an) and hadīth (prophetic tradition) disciplines; radicalisation and Islam; Islam and morality; oral history; history of Islam and Muslims in Australia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on:

  1. The current approaches and future trajectories of the sīrah genre (biography of Prophet Muhammad);
  2. Modern studies of nubuwwah (prophethood) in Islamic thought;
  3. Qasas al-anbiya (prophetic stories) literature.

More specifically, it will investigate the current literature on the sīrah discipline, its connection to the above three interrelated areas, and the direction in which these disciplines are moving.

Scholarship on sīrah, prophethood, and prophetic stories is inherently connected and can be listed as part of the three fundamental areas (usul a-thalatha) of Islamic theology—namely, topics pertaining to nubuwwah. By focusing on these areas, this issue aims to capture the recent debates around prophethood, as well as discussions around the life of Prophet Muhammad, who sits at the core of the Islamic tradition.

In the last few decades, sīrah studies have significantly shifted in direction in both Muslim and Western scholarship. In the Muslim world, since the late 19th and early 20th century, it can be argued that while works focusing on the chronological accounts of the Prophet’s biography have remained intact as a primary methodology, their focus has been somewhat different; their emphasis has been on depicting a life that can be justified with the material sciences which is devoid of miracles per se. Reports coming through a weak chain of narrators are another central area of contention from a methodological perspective. The main concern in recent decades has been the relevance of the life of the Prophet, the lessons that can be derived from his sīrah, and the implications of his message and teachings in pluralistic societies. In other words, the main focus seems to be on the fiqh al-sīrah and the philosophy of sīrah. On the other hand, Western studies have been extremely revisionist, critical, and suspicious of sīrah to the extent of them questioning whether the Prophet Muhammad existed or depicted him as a “warmonger”. This approach has significantly changed in the last two centuries. Now, the primary focus tends to be on the particular areas of his message and the relevance of his covenants, interreligious activities, and teachings and practices in support of a multicultural lifestyle.

Thus, this issue primarily aims to include research that investigates and deciphers recent studies of the Prophet Muhammad’s life and their future direction in both Muslim and non-Muslim scholarship. Since his life cannot be separated from the line of prophets, prophetic stories, and the central debates around prophethood (nubuwwah), articles pertaining to these areas are also welcomed. It is worth mentioning that reading sīrah through the lens of Islamic theology was one of the core arguments for neo-kalam movements in Islamic modernism. Thus, theology-related articles that will contribute, enrich, and clarify the discussion of the future of these genres will also be considered for inclusion.

Topics can include but do not need to be limited to:

  • Modern studies on sīrah (the life of Prophet Muhammad);
  • Current and future trajectories of sīrah writings;
  • Evaluation of Orientalists’ works on sīrah of the Prophet;
  • Evaluation of Muslim scholarship on sīrah;
  • Changes in approach to sīrah in Western and Muslim scholarship;
  • Fiqh al-sīrah or philosophy of sīrah works;
  • Sīrah’s relation with other Islamic sciences—i.e., hadith, tafsir, history, etc.;
  • Sīrah through the lens of most recent archeological findings;
  • Sīrah readings and approaches to sīrah in other denominations in modern times;
  • Nubuwwah (prophethood);
  • Attributes of prophets;
  • Infallibility of prophets (ismat al-anbiya) ;
  • Dalāil al-nubuwwah (proof and evidence of prophethood);
  • Prophetic stories in the Qur’an and Islamic tradition;
  • Implication and connection of the Prophetic stories to the life and message of Prophet Muhammad.

Dr. Suleyman Sertkaya
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Religions is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Prophet Muhammad
  • sīrah
  • Islamic modernism
  • prophethood
  • nubuwwah
  • fiqh al-sīrah
  • sīrah philosophy
  • Qasas al-anbiya
  • Stories of Prophets

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Mary’s Prophethood Reassessed: Overlooked Medieval Islamic Perspectives in Contemporary Scholarship
by Halim Calis
Religions 2024, 15(4), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15040461 - 08 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1081
Abstract
This paper offers a reevaluation of contemporary Western scholarship concerning the historical discourse on Mary’s prophethood within Islamic tradition. Recent research has primarily focused on Andalusian scholars, such as Ibn Ḥazm and al-Qurṭubī, and has neglected an essential aspect: the acknowledgement of Mary’s [...] Read more.
This paper offers a reevaluation of contemporary Western scholarship concerning the historical discourse on Mary’s prophethood within Islamic tradition. Recent research has primarily focused on Andalusian scholars, such as Ibn Ḥazm and al-Qurṭubī, and has neglected an essential aspect: the acknowledgement of Mary’s prophethood by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ash‘arī, one of the founders of Orthodox Sunni theology. As a result, modern studies have reached conclusions lacking a solid foundation, due to their failure to consider this significant perspective. By incorporating this overlooked perspective, this study seeks to provide a more thorough and coherent understanding of the historical debates surrounding Mary’s prophethood. Full article
18 pages, 347 KiB  
Article
Sīrah Philosophy: A Modern Trajectory for Sīrah Studies
by Suleyman Sertkaya
Religions 2023, 14(11), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14111440 - 20 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Prophet Muhammad is a central figure in Islam. Systematic exploration of his life and biography as a central discourse for sīrah studies remains timeless and relevant. This has made his life a focal point for study among Muslim and Western scholars for centuries, [...] Read more.
Prophet Muhammad is a central figure in Islam. Systematic exploration of his life and biography as a central discourse for sīrah studies remains timeless and relevant. This has made his life a focal point for study among Muslim and Western scholars for centuries, resulting in the emergence of fresh approaches in modern times. This paper delves into the concept of “sīrah philosophy,” which is vigorously advocated by Fethullah Gülen, a prominent Muslim scholar, as a novel and essential perspective for sīrah studies in modern times. Gülen’s amalgamation of the Prophet’s life and contemporary challenges underscores the enduring significance of sīrah in guiding modern discourse. Sīrah philosophy, at its core, provides a framework rooted in the Prophet’s life to draw inspiration for addressing contemporary issues. The article unpacks the practical application of sīrah philosophy through the Hudaybiya incident, a pivotal moment in the Prophet’s life during his time in Medina. From conflict resolution and peacebuilding to interfaith dialogue, Gülen’s approach leverages sīrah to propose solutions for complex contemporary problems, offering a dynamic way to engage with present-day predicaments. In essence, this article emphasises how sīrah, as envisioned by Muslim scholars like Gülen, transcends historical and contextual boundaries, enriching present-day discourse. As sīrah studies evolve, this pioneering exploration of a modern trajectory fosters a deeper appreciation of the Prophet’s legacy, facilitating comprehensive understanding for diverse audiences. This article argues that this approach is groundbreaking and innovative, paving the way for new perspectives to read and interpret sīrah in a contemporary world for a modern audience. Full article
17 pages, 353 KiB  
Article
The Terms Trade (Tijarah) and Road (Rihlah) in Qur’anic Context: With Special References to the Trade of Prophet Muhammad in Sirah
by Faruk Tuncer
Religions 2023, 14(8), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081055 - 18 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1052
Abstract
The term rihlah, which means ‘commercial journey in summer and winter’ in Surah Quraysh, holds a special position in the vocabulary of the Qur’an. This term corresponds to a significant aspect of the real politics in the sīrah of Prophet Muhammad, particularly [...] Read more.
The term rihlah, which means ‘commercial journey in summer and winter’ in Surah Quraysh, holds a special position in the vocabulary of the Qur’an. This term corresponds to a significant aspect of the real politics in the sīrah of Prophet Muhammad, particularly in seventh-century Mecca. Although rihlah, literally meaning road and journey, is used in the context of commerce, it is also in alignment with a group of similar words such as sabil, sirat, and ṭariq in the Qur’an. For instance, the words huda (guidance) and dalal (misguidance), which are key concepts in the Qur’an, are closely associated with the notion of the rihlah. This correlation will be explored in the article, shedding light on the sīrah of the Prophet. The close relationship between commerce and roads in the Qur’an constitutes a vast semantic field, which will be discussed from various perspectives. This discussion aims to elucidate how this relationship, briefly mentioned in Surah Quraysh, is reflected throughout the entirety of the Qur’an. Full article
18 pages, 375 KiB  
Article
Ibn ‘Arabī and the Spiritual Sīrah of Prophet Muḥammad
by Ismail Lala
Religions 2023, 14(6), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14060804 - 19 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1520
Abstract
While most traditional works on the life of Prophet Muḥammad focus on how his ostensible teachings and actions can be used as a template for human conduct, the thirteenth-century Sufi thinker, Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638/1240), turns his attention to the spiritual [...] Read more.
While most traditional works on the life of Prophet Muḥammad focus on how his ostensible teachings and actions can be used as a template for human conduct, the thirteenth-century Sufi thinker, Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638/1240), turns his attention to the spiritual significance and inner reality of Prophet Muḥammad. Ibn ‘Arabī argues that as the seal of the prophets, Muḥammad was not only given the Qur’an, which incorporated elements from previous revelations, nor was he just given a religion that had elements from prior religions; rather, in his very spiritual essence, he combined the essences of previous prophets. It is in this sense that Muḥammad represents the culmination of the prophetic life. In his Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam, Ibn ‘Arabī reveals the spiritual significance of all the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an, with the exception of Khālid ibn Sinān, whom Ibn ‘Arabī considers to be a prophet and dedicates a chapter to, but who is not mentioned in the Qur’an. The present paper explores how the spiritual essences of previous prophets are manifested in Prophet Muḥammad, and the ways in which this comprehensiveness is exhibited in his life. This ‘spiritual sīrah’ is all the more significant in the modern context, where spirituality is privileged over religiosity. Ibn ‘Arabī demonstrates that the spiritual basis of the life of Prophet Muḥammad cannot be extricated from his external actions. The ‘spiritual sīrah’ thus provides an antidote to the religious associational formalism that is rejected by many modern Muslims. Full article
13 pages, 1564 KiB  
Article
Rereading the Hudaybiyya Treaty: With Special Reference to Ibn ʿUmar’s Role in Fitan
by Mursal Farman and Salih Yucel
Religions 2023, 14(5), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050666 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3800
Abstract
The Treaty of Ḥudaybiyya is a brilliant chapter in Islamic history. It can be called umm muʿāhadāt al-salām (the mother of peace treaties) in Islamic history. Just as migration to Medina is a dividing line between the periods of religious oppression and political [...] Read more.
The Treaty of Ḥudaybiyya is a brilliant chapter in Islamic history. It can be called umm muʿāhadāt al-salām (the mother of peace treaties) in Islamic history. Just as migration to Medina is a dividing line between the periods of religious oppression and political independence for Muslims, Ḥudaybiyya is a boundary between the phases of struggle and domination. The role of this treaty in the spread of Islam was evident from the beginning, and much has been written about it. However, nothing has been produced about the role of ʿAbd Allah b. ʿUmar, inspired by the Ḥudaybiyya treaty, in peacemaking. This paper argues that due to his circumstances, Ibn ʿUmar became the first person to discover the spirit of the Ḥudaybiyya treaty for procuring peace during the fitan (civil wars). His efforts were not limited to intellectual achievements, but amid the worst wars of the fitan, he tried to practically implement the soul of the Ḥudaybiyya agreement that impacted later generations. He believed that Islam could flourish in a peaceful society, as had happened after the Ḥudaybiyya treaty. The role he played in a tribal society without holding any official position makes Ibn ʿUmar’s leadership highly relevant to today’s world, where intellectual and spiritual leaders can play a role more pivotal than ever. Full article
16 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Sunni Ḥadīth and Continuous Commentaries on the Eschatological Mahdī: A Literary Analysis
by Muhammad Fawwaz Bin Muhammad Yusoff and Mohd Yusuf Ismail
Religions 2023, 14(4), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040499 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical perspective, as the evidence is marshalled from the influential Mahdist movement in Islamic history—Abbasids, Fatimids, Muwahhids, Sudanese Mahdists, and so on. As such, it can be seen that there has been a [...] Read more.
Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical perspective, as the evidence is marshalled from the influential Mahdist movement in Islamic history—Abbasids, Fatimids, Muwahhids, Sudanese Mahdists, and so on. As such, it can be seen that there has been a lack of discourse as regards abstraction, particularly concerning the literary structure of Mahdī ḥadīth. This paper explores a panoramic view of ḥadīth commentaries in order to understand their commentarial production on apocalyptic questions, specifically focusing on the subject of Mahdī within this trend of Sunni ḥadīth scholarship. Ḥadīth commentaries are meant to bridge the gap in space and time between Prophetic words or teachings and the actual world of the reader. Hence, this study provides a brief survey of the documentation of Mahdī ḥadīth, starting with the classical Sunnite ḥadīth compendia of the second century of Hijrah. The material has been drawn from ḥadīth compendia, topical ḥadīth works, sīrah literature, classical-to-modern ḥadīth commentaries, and other theological writings and has been balanced when feasible with details (or lack thereof) contained in the Quran. Advocators have always adopted and adjusted their hermeneutics in order to answer challenges posed by deniers of Mahdī ḥadīth. Regardless of how exactly these strategies, attitudes, and uses arose, it is safe to assume that these scholars undertook their work out of professional vocation in addition to religious devotion. Eventually, ḥadīth commentaries found their place in the theological discourse according to orientations and operations of eschatology, which to a certain extent reflect classical, medieval, or contemporary attitudes toward the meaning and relevance of Mahdī ḥadīth. Full article
17 pages, 380 KiB  
Article
Re-Evaluating the Notion of Isrâ and Mi’râj in Ibadi Tradition: With Special References to the Modern Sirah Readings
by Ismail Albayrak and Sulaiman Al Shueily
Religions 2022, 13(10), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13100990 - 20 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1561
Abstract
The notion of mi’râj (the heavenly journey of Prophet Muhammad) is an important non-homogenic topic, although it is not often handled in Ibadi intellectual, sīrah (biography of the Prophet) and exegetical traditions. In this article, we analyse the treatment of the subject chronologically [...] Read more.
The notion of mi’râj (the heavenly journey of Prophet Muhammad) is an important non-homogenic topic, although it is not often handled in Ibadi intellectual, sīrah (biography of the Prophet) and exegetical traditions. In this article, we analyse the treatment of the subject chronologically in the Ibadi tradition. We discuss the Ibadis’ main concerns on the subject, how they differ, what inferences they make from the related verses, sīrah, hadith and exegetical (tafsir) reports, and most importantly whether they accept the notion of mi’râj. This article analyses the notion of isrâ because of its close relationship to mi’râj. In summary, there are variations on the issue of mi’râj among the North African and Omani Ibadis. Even more interesting is the existence of significant nuances among the Omani Ibadis. In short, while all North African Ibadis accept mi’raj as an event, it is observed that some Omani Ibadis accept it, while others sometimes reject it for religious and sometimes rational grounds. Full article
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