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Processes
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Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport
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Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 7473

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Harsha Ratnaweera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0870 Oslo, Norway
Interests: wastewater treatment; water quality; membrane process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaodong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
Interests: wastewater treatment; wastewater analysis; environmental biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), miles of sewer networks and the quantity of purified wastewater continue to grow. Although mature processes are still dominating the water sector, some new and advanced wastewater treatment processes attracted more attention to overcome the 21st century challenges, e.g., carbon emission, pollution caused by emerging contaminants. We are also glad to see that new wastewater treatment processes have taken an central role in water related research, and start to contribute a higher proportion in practises. Main stream Anammox coupled with Partial Nitrification/Denitrification has been successfully applied in full-scale WWTPs for lower carbon footprint. Electrochemical and bioelectrochemistry have been used to remove non-biodegradable organic matters with simultaneously energy recovery. Sewer networks can be seen as “wastewater transport processes” which encounter climate change issues. Data driven models become the power to shift the wastewater transport and treatment processes into intelligent era.

We hope that the Special Issue will become a platform for sharing innovative ideas and practice experience of recent advances in wastewater treatment processes as well as sewer networks. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Partial nitrification/denitrification and anammox processes
  • Efficient particle separation processes
  • Advanced Oxidation processes for organic matter removal in industrial wastewater
  • New processes for resource recovery from wastewater
  • Sewer network monitoring and control
  • Wastewater treatment process monitoring and control
  • Processes for emerging contaminants removal
  • Electro-chemical and bioelectrochemistry processes for nonbiodegradable matters removal
  • Bio-electrolysis processes

Dr. Harsha Ratnaweera
Dr. Xiaodong Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • sewer network
  • anammox
  • digital tools
  • resource recovery
  • bioelectrochemistry
  • emerging contaminants

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4659 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Identification and Positioning of Sewer Blockage Based on Liquid Level Analysis in Rural Area
by Ning Li, Xiaodong Wang, Zhichao Li, Fangchao Zhao, Abhilash Nair, Junxiao Zhang and Changqing Liu
Processes 2023, 11(1), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010161 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
Sewer blockages delay sewage discharge or cause it to overflow, which pollutes the environment and is a public health hazard. This necessitates the quick and accurate identification and positioning of sewer blockages. Following a sewer blockage, the sewage is intercepted and the liquid [...] Read more.
Sewer blockages delay sewage discharge or cause it to overflow, which pollutes the environment and is a public health hazard. This necessitates the quick and accurate identification and positioning of sewer blockages. Following a sewer blockage, the sewage is intercepted and the liquid level at the upstream and downstream of the blocking point changes. This study established a method for identifying sewer blockages by analyzing the range and rate of the liquid level change at the upstream and downstream of the blocking point. Through pilot-scale and full-scale experiments, this study summarized the threshold values of the liquid level change rate and the liquid level fluctuation range of the drainage pipeline in normal operation, as well as the threshold values of the liquid level change rate and the liquid level fluctuation range of the upstream and downstream of the sewer blocking point. Moreover, the sewer blockage identification matrix was completed. Sewer blockage in rural areas can be identified and positioned using mathematical tools such as the data-driven model. This research method allows for real-time monitoring and timely warning of the sewer status, thereby reducing the labor and material consumption and unnecessary earthwork excavation to ensure the stable operation of the drainage pipeline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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15 pages, 2876 KiB  
Article
Detection Limits of Antibiotics in Wastewater by Real-Time UV–VIS Spectrometry at Different Optical Path Length
by Feng Li, Xiaodong Wang, Manzi Yang, Ming Zhu, Wei Chen, Qiran Li, Delin Sun, Xuejun Bi, Zakhar Maletskyi and Harsha Ratnaweera
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2614; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122614 - 06 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of antibiotics in hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy is considered a promising method. Although gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and other methods can detect antibiotics with quite low limits of detection (LOD), they possess various limitations. UV–Vis spectroscopy combined [...] Read more.
Real-time monitoring of antibiotics in hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy is considered a promising method. Although gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and other methods can detect antibiotics with quite low limits of detection (LOD), they possess various limitations. UV–Vis spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods is a promising choice for monitoring antibiotics. In this study, two immersed in situ UV–Vis sensors were used to explore the relationship between absorption spectra and antibiotics and study the influence of the optical path length on the LOD. The LODs of sensor 2 using a 10 cm optical path is up to 300 times lower than that of sensor 1 using a 0.5 mm optical path. Moreover, multiple antibiotics in the wastewater were investigated in real-time manner. The absorption spectra of 70 groups of wastewater samples containing different concentrations of tetracycline, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol were measured. The results indicate that the nine wavelengths selected by interval partial least squares (iPLS) after the second derivative pretreatment have better predictability for ofloxacin and the six wavelengths selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) after the first derivative. The multi-fold cross-validation results indicate that the model has a good predictive ability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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11 pages, 1459 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Oxidation-Reduction Potential Variations in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes: A Study from Mechanism to Application
by Xiaodong Wang, Yuxing Wu, Ning Chen, Heng Piao, Delin Sun, Harsha Ratnaweera, Zakhar Maletskyi and Xuejun Bi
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122607 - 06 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2831
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors would constitute a robust surveillance and control solution for aeration and external carbon dosing in wastewater biological treatment processes if a clear correlation exists between the ORP values and process variables (e.g., dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and chemical oxygen [...] Read more.
Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors would constitute a robust surveillance and control solution for aeration and external carbon dosing in wastewater biological treatment processes if a clear correlation exists between the ORP values and process variables (e.g., dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, ORP values and other water quality variables were analyzed, and principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance were used to study the relationships between ORP and main reactive substances under anoxic conditions. Mathematical models were then established using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that under anoxic conditions, ORP was positively correlated with nitrate, DO, and COD and negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and pH. COD had a low correlation with the ORP value change. PCA showed that the mathematical model of ORP can be established by using DO, nitrate, and phosphate, for which the adjusted R² value was 0.7195. The numeric relationships among ORP, COD, and nitrate were clearly established and applied to control external carbon dosing. A precise and clear relationship between ORP and COD offers the possibility to substitute COD monitoring for process control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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15 pages, 3720 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Air Flotation and the Combination of Air Flotation and Membrane Filtration in Microalgae Harvesting
by Fangchao Zhao, Zhichao Li, Xixi Han, Zhuang Shao and Zongxue Li
Processes 2022, 10(8), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081594 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
On account of its small size and poor sedimentation performance, microalgae harvesting is restricted from a wider application. Air flotation is an efficient and fast solid–liquid separation technology, which has the potential to overcome the impediments of microalgae harvesting. In this study, factors [...] Read more.
On account of its small size and poor sedimentation performance, microalgae harvesting is restricted from a wider application. Air flotation is an efficient and fast solid–liquid separation technology, which has the potential to overcome the impediments of microalgae harvesting. In this study, factors influencing microalgae harvesting by air flotation were investigated. The results illustrated that bound extracellular organic matter (bEOM) had a greater effect on microalgae harvesting by air flotation, compared with dissolved extracellular organic matter (dEOM). Microalgae harvesting by air flotation in different growth stages proceeded, and the effect of air flotation in the heterotrophic stage was better than the autotrophic stage. The molecular weight distributions demonstrated that after air flotation, the proportion of high MW substance increased, while the proportion of low MW substance decreased, regardless of whether dEOM or bEOM. Membrane filtration was carried out for the algal solutions before and after air flotation. The membrane of pre-flotation algal solution had a higher critical flux of 51 L/m2·h than that of no-pre-flotation (24 L/m2·h), and, thus, pre-flotation had an active effect on membrane filtration in microalgae harvesting. Moreover, the combination of air flotation and membrane filtration provided an efficient technology for microalgae harvesting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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7 pages, 1600 KiB  
Article
Bio-Fenton-Assisted Biological Process for Efficient Mineralization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Environment
by Xiaohui Wang, Chunyan Song, Xiao Liu, Jing Zhang, Yanbo Zhang, Xueqing Shi and Dogun Kim
Processes 2022, 10(7), 1316; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071316 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1479
Abstract
The intensive production of fossil fuels has led to serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in water and soil environments (as PAHs are typical types of emerging contaminants). Bio-Fenton, an alternative to Fenton oxidation, which generates hydrogen peroxide at a nearly neutral pH [...] Read more.
The intensive production of fossil fuels has led to serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in water and soil environments (as PAHs are typical types of emerging contaminants). Bio-Fenton, an alternative to Fenton oxidation, which generates hydrogen peroxide at a nearly neutral pH condition, could ideally work as a pretreatment to recalcitrant organics, which could be combined with the subsequent biological treatment without any need for pH adjustment. The present study investigated the performance of a Bio-Fenton-assisted biological process for mineralization of three typical types of PAHs. The hydrogen peroxide production, PAH removal, overall organic mineralization, and microbial community structure were comprehensively studied. The results showed that the combined process could achieve efficient chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (88.1%) of mixed PAHs as compared to activated sludge (33.1%), where individual PAH removal efficiencies of 99.6%, 83.8%, and 91.3% were observed for naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), and pyrene (PYR), respectively, with the combined process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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Review

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17 pages, 575 KiB  
Review
A Review of Treatment Technologies for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water
by Juntao Cheng, Liming Huang, Yunfeng Li, Zhen Zhang, Runzhi Mu, Changqing Liu, Shuncheng Hu, Yihua Xiao and Mengchen Xu
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2260; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082260 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1650
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are a category of persistent, non-degradable pollutants that are widespread in the environment and in humans. They have attracted considerable attention due to their high bioaccumulation, multiple toxicities, long-term stability, and, in particular, their effects on [...] Read more.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are a category of persistent, non-degradable pollutants that are widespread in the environment and in humans. They have attracted considerable attention due to their high bioaccumulation, multiple toxicities, long-term stability, and, in particular, their effects on human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for highly efficient technologies and systematic mechanisms for the degradation of PFOS and PFOA. Therefore, we summarize four mainstream technologies for the degradation of PFOS and PFOA in water and their research progress in this review, namely adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, microbial treatment, and membrane separation. Among them, adsorption technology is the earliest and relatively mature, the advanced oxidation process has relatively high treatment efficiency, there are deep and broad development prospects for microbial treatment in the future, and membrane separation technology can recycle raw materials and help to save resources. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing technologies, the development prospect of reasonable optimization technology is prospected, with a view to providing a practical scientific reference for the research and engineering practice of PFOS and PFOA pollution control in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment and Transport)
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