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Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines
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Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Automation Control Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 40454

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Myung-Seop Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: actuator design; electrical machine design; electromagnetic fields; automation and robotics; electric vehicles; electric propulsion system, model-based design; multiphysics analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The technological advancement of electric machines has been realized using high-performance computers and power semiconductor devices. Recently, there has been a number of studies showing performance improvements via accurate simulation processes, design methodologies, control technologies, and new concepts/topologies. These electric machines can be characterized by high power density and excellent performance. These advancements in electric machine technology can help toward a high efficiency of electric transportations as well as renewable power generation systems, thus affecting sustainable energy management.

This Special Issue on the “Design, Concepts, and Applications of Electric Machines” seeks high-quality research work focusing on novel design methodology, new concepts of modeling and simulation methods, and the latest application of electric machines in a variety of industry fields. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Permanent magnet and rare-earth-free motors and generators;
  • Induction motors and generators and linear machines;
  • Reluctance and special machines;
  • Transformers and power apparatuses;
  • Motor drives, control, converters, and power electronics;
  • Electric propulsion system and power generation system.

Prof. Dr. Myung-Seop Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric machine
  • motor
  • generator
  • design
  • control
  • power electronics
  • system
  • high efficiency

Published Papers (16 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6227 KiB  
Article
Research on Open Circuit Fault Modeling and Fault Tolerant Control Strategy of Five-Phase Induction Motor
by Hao Xu, Jinghong Zhao, Lv Yang, Hansi Chen, Xiangyu Luo and Shuheng Zhang
Processes 2022, 10(9), 1891; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091891 - 18 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1350
Abstract
Five-phase induction motors have the advantages of high reliability and strong fault-tolerant performance, so it’s open circuit fault model and fault-tolerant control strategy are widely studied. Based on the normal operation of the five-phase induction motor, the mathematical model of the five-phase induction [...] Read more.
Five-phase induction motors have the advantages of high reliability and strong fault-tolerant performance, so it’s open circuit fault model and fault-tolerant control strategy are widely studied. Based on the normal operation of the five-phase induction motor, the mathematical model of the five-phase induction motor under the conditions of single-phase open circuits, adjacent two-phase open circuits, and non-adjacent two-phase open circuits are established by using the reduced order decoupling transformation. Based on the principle of constant magnetic potential, the relationship between magnetic potential and each phase current is analyzed by using the symmetrical component method (MSC). The fault-tolerant control strategy of a five-phase induction motor with the above three open-circuit faults is designed. Through simulation and prototype experiments, the phase current and speed conversion under three open-circuit faults are analyzed. The results show that after the open-circuit fault of a five-phase motor, the residual phase current is no longer balanced, the motor speed is decreased, and the vibration is increased significantly. After fault-tolerant control, the residual phase current is balanced, the rated speed can be reached, and the vibration of the motor is reduced. Thus, the validity and correctness of the fault-tolerant control strategy for a five-phase induction motor are verified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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18 pages, 6006 KiB  
Article
Calculation of Parasitic Capacitance to Analyze Shaft Voltage of Electric Motor with Direct-Oil-Cooling System
by Chan-Ho Kim, Sung-Bae Jun, Han-Joon Yoon, Nam-Ho Kim, Ho-Chang Jung, Rae-Eun Kim and Sang-Yong Jung
Processes 2022, 10(8), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081541 - 05 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
In modern electric vehicles, electrical failure has become a critical problem that reduces the lifetime of traction motors. Moreover, traction motors with high-voltage and high-speed systems for a high power density have been aggravating the shaft voltage problems. This study identifies that direct-oil-cooling [...] Read more.
In modern electric vehicles, electrical failure has become a critical problem that reduces the lifetime of traction motors. Moreover, traction motors with high-voltage and high-speed systems for a high power density have been aggravating the shaft voltage problems. This study identifies that direct-oil-cooling systems exacerbate this problem. To address this, an analytical method for calculating parasitic capacitance is proposed to determine the effects of cooling oil in a traction motor with a direct-oil-cooling system. Capacitance equivalent circuits are configured based on whether the slot is submerged in the cooling oil. In addition, an electric field decomposition method is applied to analyze the distortion of the electric field by the structure of the conduction parts in the motor. The results indicate that the parasitic capacitances of the traction motor are increased by the influence of the cooling oil resulting in an increase in the shaft voltage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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14 pages, 3933 KiB  
Article
Self-Circulating Evaporative Cooling System of a Rotor and Its Experimental Verification
by Yu Wang and Lin Ruan
Processes 2022, 10(5), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050934 - 09 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
With the development of hydropower, the heat problem of a rotor cannot be ignored. This paper presents a topology of an evaporative cooling system for rotors. The system seals the pole coil in a tank and immerses the coil in the insulating coolant [...] Read more.
With the development of hydropower, the heat problem of a rotor cannot be ignored. This paper presents a topology of an evaporative cooling system for rotors. The system seals the pole coil in a tank and immerses the coil in the insulating coolant with a suitable boiling point. The latent heat of vaporization during the boiling of coolant is used to control the temperature rise of the pole coil. After explaining the circulation principle of the system, the effectiveness of the cooling system is verified by experiments. A small-scale experimental platform has been set up to test the effectiveness of the new topology. The comparison experiment with air-cooling shows that the phase change cooling system can not only provide hundreds of times the heat transfer capacity of air-cooling, but also the temperature rise of the coil is half that of air cooling. Based on the experimental results, the calculated formula of the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporative cooling system in the rotating state was fitted, and the deviation of the calculated result could be kept at less than 25%. Thanks to the evaporative cooling system, the rotor carries a high current density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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17 pages, 10699 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Rotor Position Detection Performance According to the Frequency of Square Waveform Voltage in the Harmonic Injection Sensorless Method through HILS
by Kyeong-Rok Moon and Dong-Myung Lee
Processes 2021, 9(12), 2267; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122267 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
In this paper, the rotor position estimation performance of the sensorless scheme for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) implemented through the injection of high-frequency square-wave voltage according to the frequency of the square-wave voltage is presented through HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation) [...] Read more.
In this paper, the rotor position estimation performance of the sensorless scheme for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) implemented through the injection of high-frequency square-wave voltage according to the frequency of the square-wave voltage is presented through HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation) experiments. An inverter using an IGBT device usually has a switching frequency of around 15 kHz. On the other hand, GaN devices that can be switched on and off at frequencies higher than 100 kHz have been recently developed, and research is being actively conducted to apply GaNs to a variable speed system. The purpose of this study is to conduct HILS experiments to analysis the rotor position estimation ability of the sensorless technique in cases where a high switching frequency was applied, such as GaN devices, with that of a system having a usual switching frequency, such as IGBT. In the HILS system used in this study, an inverter and motor model implemented with Simulink are located in a real-time simulator. A sensorless motor control method was implemented with an FPGA control board, which includes a PWM interrupt service routine of 100 kHz frequency and a harmonic injection and position detection algorithm. The HILS experiments show rotor position detection errors according to the various frequency of the harmonic voltage injected for estimating the rotor position with a PWM frequency of 100 kHz cases. According to the experimental results, good position estimation was possible not only when the harmonic of 10 kHz corresponding to 1/10 of the PWM frequency was injected, but also when the harmonic of 1 kHz corresponding to 1/100 of the PWM frequency was injected. The experiments suggest that position estimation errors decrease as the frequency of the harmonic voltage increases, and, based on the foregoing, it is thought that the application of a GaN device capable of realizing a high switching frequency in a variable speed drive system can be another advantage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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16 pages, 35131 KiB  
Article
Robust Explorative Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Design of EV Traction Motor
by Jin-Hwan Lee, Woo-Jung Kim and Sang-Yong Jung
Processes 2021, 9(11), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9112000 - 09 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1963
Abstract
This paper proposes a robust optimization algorithm customized for the optimal design of electric machines. The proposed algorithm, termed “robust explorative particle swarm optimization” (RePSO), is a hybrid algorithm that affords high accuracy and a high search speed when determining robust optimal solutions. [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a robust optimization algorithm customized for the optimal design of electric machines. The proposed algorithm, termed “robust explorative particle swarm optimization” (RePSO), is a hybrid algorithm that affords high accuracy and a high search speed when determining robust optimal solutions. To ensure the robustness of the determined optimal solution, RePSO employs the rate of change of the cost function. When this rate is high, the cost function appears as a steep curve, indicating low robustness; in contrast, when the rate is low, the cost function takes the form of a gradual curve, indicating high robustness. For verification, the performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with those of the conventional methods of robust particle swarm optimization and explorative particle swarm optimization with a Gaussian basis test function. The target performance of the traction motor for the optimal design was derived using a simulation of vehicle driving performance. Based on the simulation results, the target performance of the traction motor requires a maximum torque and power of 294 Nm and 88 kW, respectively. The base model, an 8-pole 72-slot permanent magnet synchronous machine, was designed considering the target performance. Accordingly, an optimal design was realized using the proposed algorithm. The cost function for this optimal design was selected such that the torque ripple, total harmonic distortion of back-electromotive force, and cogging torque were minimized. Finally, experiments were performed on the manufactured optimal model. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm were validated by comparing the analytical and experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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11 pages, 3221 KiB  
Article
Multi-Variable Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Design of PMa-SynRM for Electric Bicycle Traction Motor
by Ji-Chang Son, Kyung-Pyo Yi and Dong-Kuk Lim
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111901 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1660
Abstract
In this paper, internal division point genetic algorithm (IDP-GA) was proposed to lessen the computational burden of multi-variable multi-objective optimization problem using finite element analysis such as optimal design of electric bicycles. The IDP-GA could consider various objectives with normalized weighted sum method [...] Read more.
In this paper, internal division point genetic algorithm (IDP-GA) was proposed to lessen the computational burden of multi-variable multi-objective optimization problem using finite element analysis such as optimal design of electric bicycles. The IDP-GA could consider various objectives with normalized weighted sum method and could reduce the number of function calls with novel crossover strategy and vector-based pattern search method. The superiority of the proposed algorithm was verified by comparing performances with conventional optimization method at two mathematical test functions. Finally, the applicability of the IDP-GA in practical electric machine design was verified by successfully deriving an improved design of electric bicycle propulsion motor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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19 pages, 8383 KiB  
Article
A Study on a Slotless Brushless DC Motor with Toroidal Winding
by Ho-Young Lee, Seung-Young Yoon, Soon-O Kwon, Jin-Yeong Shin, Soo-Hwan Park and Myung-Seop Lim
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111881 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6921
Abstract
In this study we developed a brushless DC (BLDC) slotless motor with toroidal winding. The proposed toroidal winding is a method of winding a coil around a ring-type stator yoke in the circumferential direction. As there is no need for a slot or [...] Read more.
In this study we developed a brushless DC (BLDC) slotless motor with toroidal winding. The proposed toroidal winding is a method of winding a coil around a ring-type stator yoke in the circumferential direction. As there is no need for a slot or tooth structure, it can be designed with a slotless motor structure that is advantageous for vibration and noise. The basic principle of operation and motor characteristics of a slotless motor with toroidal winding were explained using an analytical method and finite element analysis (FEA). Further, the air gap flux density, winding factor, and back electromotive force (EMF) for changes in the winding angle and number of coil turns were calculated using the analytical method and compared with the FEA results. Finally, the resistance, back EMF, cogging torque, and performance of the prototype were measured and compared with the FEA results. The results show that the air gap flux density and winding factor were approximately the same with an error of <2%, while the back EMF had an error of ~10% from the analysis result. Thus, the proposed slotless motor provides a basic design for conveniently manufacturing brushless DC (BLDC) slotless motors with toroidal windings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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13 pages, 4720 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using a Genetic Topology Algorithm
by Tae-Hee Lee, Jin-Hwan Lee, Kyung-Pyo Yi and Dong-Kuk Lim
Processes 2021, 9(10), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101778 - 05 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
The topology algorithm (TA) can effectively find an optimal solution by changing the material and shape of the design target without the limitation of design variables. In this paper, a genetic topology algorithm (GTA) is proposed for the design optimization of a synchronous [...] Read more.
The topology algorithm (TA) can effectively find an optimal solution by changing the material and shape of the design target without the limitation of design variables. In this paper, a genetic topology algorithm (GTA) is proposed for the design optimization of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). By applying the stochastic algorithm (genetic algorithm (GA)) and the deterministic algorithm (ON-OFF method) to the design, the optimal shape can be found quickly and effectively. The GTA, which improves manufacturability by removing the aliasing that occurs in TA, was applied to the design of SynRM to search for the optimal model. After dividing the rotor into a reverse mesh grid, the optimal topology was searched for by GA and ON-OFF methods. Then, mechanical stability was verified through stress analysis, and additional performance improvement was obtained through the skew technique. The final design, which satisfies the minimum efficiency, required torque, and torque ripple was derived by applying the step-by-step design using GTA to the SynRM optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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13 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
Application of Ultrasonic Atomization in a Combined Circulation System of Spray Evaporative Cooling and Air Cooling for Electric Machines
by Yu Wang and Lin Ruan
Processes 2021, 9(10), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101773 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2041
Abstract
A combined circulation system of spray evaporative cooling and air cooling (CCSSECAC) is a way to enhance the cooling performance of an air-cooled electric machine while maintaining its existing structure. Based on a traditional air-cooled machine, when the discrete evaporative cooling medium particles [...] Read more.
A combined circulation system of spray evaporative cooling and air cooling (CCSSECAC) is a way to enhance the cooling performance of an air-cooled electric machine while maintaining its existing structure. Based on a traditional air-cooled machine, when the discrete evaporative cooling medium particles are scattered into the airflow, they will reach the heat source with the air circulation. The cooling capacity of the cooling system is enhanced simultaneously through the phase transition and convection heat transfer. Ultrasonic atomization is a simple way to produce tiny droplets and a good way to improve the performance of CCSSECAC. To verify the effectiveness of such a system, a principle test model was built and a multi-operational condition experiment was carried out as an exploratory study. The experimental results showed that the new cooling system was feasible for horizontal machines, and the stator coil temperature was significantly reduced compared with the air-cooled mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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15 pages, 4283 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of IPMSM for EV Using Subdivided Kriging Multi-Objective Optimization
by Jong-Min Ahn, Myung-Ki Baek, Sang-Hun Park and Dong-Kuk Lim
Processes 2021, 9(9), 1490; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091490 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
In this paper, subdivided kriging multi-objective optimization (SKMOO) is proposed for the optimal design of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The SKMOO with surrogate kriging model can obtain a uniform and accurate pareto front set with a reduced computation cost compared to [...] Read more.
In this paper, subdivided kriging multi-objective optimization (SKMOO) is proposed for the optimal design of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The SKMOO with surrogate kriging model can obtain a uniform and accurate pareto front set with a reduced computation cost compared to conventional algorithms which directly adds the solution in the objective function area. In other words, the proposed algorithm uses a kriging surrogate model, so it is possible to know which design variables have the value of the objective function on the blank space. Therefore, the solution can be added directly in the objective function area. In the SKMOO algorithm, a non-dominated sorting method is used to find the pareto front set and the fill blank method is applied to prevent premature convergence. In addition, the subdivided kriging grid is proposed to make a well-distributed and more precise pareto front set. Superior performance of the SKMOO is confirmed by compared conventional multi objective optimization (MOO) algorithms with test functions and are applied to the optimal design of IPMSM for electric vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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13 pages, 4366 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Turn-to-Turn Fault on Split-Winding Transformer Using Coupled Field-Circuit Approach
by Cunxiang Yang, Yiwei Ding, Hongbo Qiu and Bin Xiong
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081314 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
The turn-to-turn faults (TTF) are also inevitable in split-winding transformers. The distorted leakage field generated by the TTF current results in large axial forces and end thrusts in the fault windings as well as affecting other branch windings normal operation, so it is [...] Read more.
The turn-to-turn faults (TTF) are also inevitable in split-winding transformers. The distorted leakage field generated by the TTF current results in large axial forces and end thrusts in the fault windings as well as affecting other branch windings normal operation, so it is of significance to study TTF of split-winding transformers. In this paper, the characteristics analysis of the split-winding transformer under the TTFs of the low voltage winding at different positions are presented. A 3600 KVA four split-windings transformer is taken as an example. Then, a simplified three-dimensional simplified model is established, taking into account the forces of the per-turn coil. The nonlinear-transient field-circuit coupled finite element method is used for the model. The leakage field distribution under the TTFs of the low voltage winding at different positions is studied. The resultant force of the short-circuit winding and the force of the per-turn coil are obtained. Subsequently, the force and current relationship between the branch windings are analyzed. The results show that the TTF at the specific location has a great influence on the axial windings on the same core, and the distorted leakage magnetic field will cause excessive axial force and end thrust of the normal and short-circuit windings. These results can provide a basis for the short-circuit design of split-winding transformer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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14 pages, 4459 KiB  
Article
Preload Optimization Method for Traveling-Wave Rotary Ultrasonic Motor
by Haoyu Sun, Hao Yin, Jiang Liu and Xilong Zhang
Processes 2021, 9(7), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071164 - 05 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1863
Abstract
Preload optimization is very important for ultrasonic motors’ design and application. In this paper, a novel method for a traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed. Firstly, based on linear regression and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the mapping between the drive characteristics, mechanical [...] Read more.
Preload optimization is very important for ultrasonic motors’ design and application. In this paper, a novel method for a traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed. Firstly, based on linear regression and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the mapping between the drive characteristics, mechanical characteristics, speed stability, and preload of the traveling-wave-type rotary ultrasonic motor was established. Then, the characteristic curves of stalling torque, no-load speed, maximum efficiency, and speed stability with the change of preload method were measured with a new test platform. Finally, three traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motors with optimized preload were used in a cooperative manipulator for validation. The experimental results showed that when the preload was optimized from 200 N to 310 N, the stalling torque of the motor increased by 20.7%, the maximum efficiency increased by 15.3%, the standard deviation of the speed decreased by 53.8%, and the no-load speed decreased by 5.5%. Therefore, it can be seen that the new preload optimization approach can significantly improve the performance indexes of ultrasonic motors and meet the practical requirements of direct-drive cooperative manipulators in engineering applications. The new preload optimization method offers advantages in motor output performance compared to conventional methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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17 pages, 6866 KiB  
Article
Parameter Estimation of a Countershaft Brake for Heavy-Duty Vehicles with Automated Mechanical Transmission
by Yunxia Li and Lei Li
Processes 2021, 9(6), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9061036 - 13 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
A countershaft brake is used as a transmission brake (TB) to realize synchronous shifting by reducing the automated mechanical transmission (AMT) input shaft’s speed rapidly. This process is performed to reduce shifting time and improve shifting quality for heavy-duty vehicles equipped with AMT [...] Read more.
A countershaft brake is used as a transmission brake (TB) to realize synchronous shifting by reducing the automated mechanical transmission (AMT) input shaft’s speed rapidly. This process is performed to reduce shifting time and improve shifting quality for heavy-duty vehicles equipped with AMT without synchronizer. To improve controlled synchronous shifting, the AMT input shaft’s equivalent resistance torque and the TB’s characteristic parameters are studied. An AMT dynamic model under neutral gear position is analyzed during the synchronous control interval. A dynamic model of the countershaft brake is discussed, and its control flow is given. The parameter identification method of the AMT input shaft’s equivalent resistance torque is given on the basis of the least squares algorithm. The parameter identification of the TB’s characteristic parameters is proposed on the basis of the recursive least squares method (RLSM). Experimental results show that the recursive estimations of the TB’s characteristic parameters under different duty cycles of the TB solenoid valve, including brake torque estimation, estimation accuracy, and braking intensity estimation, can be effectively estimated. The research provides some reliable evidence to further study the synchronous shifting control schedule for heavy-duty vehicles with AMT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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16 pages, 7153 KiB  
Article
Induced EMF THD Reduction Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Diesel Engine Generators
by Chung-Seong Lee and Hae-Joong Kim
Processes 2021, 9(6), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9060986 - 03 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2676
Abstract
This paper deals with design of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) for diesel engine generators. The PMSG is required to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction of the induced electromotive force (EMF) for the enhancement of power quality. In this paper, a [...] Read more.
This paper deals with design of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) for diesel engine generators. The PMSG is required to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction of the induced electromotive force (EMF) for the enhancement of power quality. In this paper, a design method is proposed to reduce the THD of the induced EMF for power quality enhancement in the PMSG. First, the selection process for the number of poles and slots is described. Second, the rotor shape design is proposed using an eccentric curve and slit shape. Based on the results of the first process, the optimal rotor shape is selected to achieve the additional THD reduction of the induced EMF. Finally, the performance for the optimal rotor shape is verified through a 2-dimensional finite element analysis (2D FEA) and prototype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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13 pages, 3481 KiB  
Article
Application of Evaporative Cooling Technology in Transformer for Mine Tunnels
by Hualin Shi, Bin Xiong, Xiangrong Liu, Kangjie Huang, Xinhua Cai and Guobiao Gu
Processes 2021, 9(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050875 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2105
Abstract
The traditional dry-type mine transformer has some disadvantages, such as incomplete fire prevention, large volume, high loss and not enough environmental protection. Based on evaporative cooling technology, this paper proposes a scheme of mine transformer using fluorocarbon as coolant which can truly realize [...] Read more.
The traditional dry-type mine transformer has some disadvantages, such as incomplete fire prevention, large volume, high loss and not enough environmental protection. Based on evaporative cooling technology, this paper proposes a scheme of mine transformer using fluorocarbon as coolant which can truly realize the incombustible transformer scheme and meet the strict environmental requirements. The transformer adopts three-dimensional wound core structure to reduce the loss and improve the anti-short-circuit ability. The volume of transformer is greatly reduced due to the efficient heat dissipation ability of evaporative cooling technology. The scheme of plate fin heat exchanger is more suitable for the ventilation condition of the mine. The filling technology is used to reduce the amount of expensive coolant. Through the life cycle cost analysis, evaporative cooling transformer has better economic benefits than traditional mine transformer, but also has better safety benefits. A prototype is manufactured and tested, and the results show that the prototype meets the requirements of IEC standard temperature rise limit and achieves the expected requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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17 pages, 4349 KiB  
Article
Research on Noise Reduction of 3.6 MW Evaporative Cooling Wind Motor Induced by Electromagnetic and Two-Phase Flow Resonance Based on Stator Optimization
by Ziran Cheng, Lin Ruan, Shoudao Huang and Jie Yang
Processes 2021, 9(4), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040669 - 10 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1769
Abstract
In this paper, the vibration frequency of the stator of 3.6 MW fully immersed evaporative cooling permanent magnet semi-direct drive generators (ECPMSDDGs) was analyzed based on the fluid-structure coupling theory and solved by finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. The resonance noise reduction research [...] Read more.
In this paper, the vibration frequency of the stator of 3.6 MW fully immersed evaporative cooling permanent magnet semi-direct drive generators (ECPMSDDGs) was analyzed based on the fluid-structure coupling theory and solved by finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. The resonance noise reduction research under the typical working condition induced by two-phase flow and electromagnetic force was studied based on the method of structural optimization. In this paper, a structural optimal design method for the stator of the 3.6 MW ECPMSDDGs was presented. First of all, the frequency and characteristics of electromagnetic force of 3.6 MW ECPMSDDGs under the rated power were analyzed. Secondly, the frequency and characteristics of two-phase flow boiling vibration were analyzed based on the bubble oscillation theory of the two-phase flow and the experiment. Thirdly, the wet modal natural frequency of the stator core cooling structure was analyzed based on the fluid-structure coupling theory and FEA. Finally, the natural wet mode vibration frequency of the stator cooling structure of the 3.6 MW ECPMSDDGs was improved based on the structure optimization. This optimization method could reduce the resonance noise of evaporative cooling motor induced by electromagnetic and two-phase flow. The optimization results showed that the natural wet mode frequency of the stator could be improved by optimizing the radial flow groove and supporting beam under the condition that the effective length of the stator core remained unchanged during the optimization. The noise simulation result showed that the resonance noise of 3.6 MW ECPMSDDGs induced by electromagnetic and two-phase flow could be reduced after the structural optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Concepts and Applications of Electric Machines)
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