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Processes
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Advances in Sol-Gel Processes
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Advances in Sol-Gel Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 5452

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stéphanie Lambert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering-Nanomaterials, Catalysis and Electrochemistry, B6a, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
Interests: heterogeneous (photo)catalysis; sol-gel process; environmental engineering; inorganic biomaterials
Dr. Julien Mahy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering–Nanomaterials, Catalysis and Electrochemistry, B6a, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
Interests: heterogeneous photocatalysis; sol–gel process; thin inorganic films; SiO2; TiO2; adsorption process; water and air treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is part of the development of materials with controlled morphology and texture synthesized by the sol–gel process.

For the new high-tech applications, mastering the morphology and responsiveness of materials is an essential element. Thus, the use of active species (metallic or non-metallic elements, carbon nanotubes, dye molecules, amphiphilic polymers, etc.) finely dispersed on or in a suitable medium allows achieving the performances set for each application. In this perspective, sol–gel chemistry is an effective tool and has considerable potential for the development of materials whose morphology is tailor-made. It offers the possibility to synthesize very particular porous materials that may be suitable for new industrial applications thanks to the ease of formatting and the possibility of mixing precursors at the molecular level and introducing dopants into the initial solution. In addition, sol–gel chemistry allows modulating the final porous texture of the materials according to the desired industrial application.

The developed methodology in this Special Issue should integrate aspects related to the microstructure of the material, characterization of the end-use properties of the final material, and design of the manufacturing process from the laboratory to the industrial scale. This objective requires combining synthesis work, characterization work, and modeling work.

Prof. Dr. Stéphanie D. Lambert
Dr. Julien Mahy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemistry and fundamentals of the sol–gel process
  • nano- and micro-structured materials
  • porous materials
  • protective and functional coatings and thin films
  • characterization and modeling techniques for sol–gel materials
  • Sol–gel materials for (photo-)catalysis
  • sol–gel materials for energy and environmental applications
  • sol–gel materials for health and medical applications
  • sol–gel materials for electronic, magnetic. and ferroelectric applications
  • industrialization of sol–gel science and technology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2755 KiB  
Article
Custom-Shaped Carbon Xerogel Materials by 3D Printing
by Cédric Wolfs, Stéphanie D. Lambert, Alexandre F. Léonard and Julien G. Mahy
Processes 2022, 10(10), 1979; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101979 - 01 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1417
Abstract
Sol–gel-based carbon xerogels possess very promising properties for pollution abatement, using processes that associate adsorption and on-site electrochemical oxidation. However, combining a high exterior surface area (for efficient diffusion) and a monolithic shape (necessary for electrochemical processes) poses challenges. In this work, the [...] Read more.
Sol–gel-based carbon xerogels possess very promising properties for pollution abatement, using processes that associate adsorption and on-site electrochemical oxidation. However, combining a high exterior surface area (for efficient diffusion) and a monolithic shape (necessary for electrochemical processes) poses challenges. In this work, the shape of monolithic carbon xerogels was contrived by the use of 3D-printed molds. Several parameters were optimized: the choice of mold design, the choice of plastic, the 3D printer parameters, the solvent, and the process of dissolving the plastic. A design combining fine sticks and plates made of ABS was printed; a sol–gel carbon xerogel monolith was synthesized in it, and the mold was removed by using a combination of acetone and pyrolysis. Dissolving the plastic could be carried out by placing the material on a metallic net and leaving the dissolved ABS to settle. The resulting carbon material exhibits a high exterior surface area and good strength, leading to potential uses in the aforementioned process. The research shows that 3D printing is an efficient method of parameter optimization in pre-industrialization research, thanks to its flexibility, low cost, and ease of use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sol-Gel Processes)
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15 pages, 4178 KiB  
Article
Multi-Layered Sol–Gel Spin-Coated CuO Nanofilm Characteristic Enhancement by Sn Doping Concentration
by Naoual Al Armouzi, Mohamed Manoua, Hikmat S. Hilal, Ahmed Liba and Mustapha Mabrouki
Processes 2022, 10(7), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071277 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
CuO films, with their many features, attract special attention for applications in various optoelectronics. In their pristine form, CuO films suffer from low conductivity, which limits their application. Modification, especially by doping, is thus needed. The effects of tin (Sn) doping on the [...] Read more.
CuO films, with their many features, attract special attention for applications in various optoelectronics. In their pristine form, CuO films suffer from low conductivity, which limits their application. Modification, especially by doping, is thus needed. The effects of tin (Sn) doping on the structure, morphology, and optical and, more importantly, electrical properties of multi-layered copper oxide (CuO) films deposited onto tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)/glass substrates by sol–gel spin coating are examined here. The multi-layered films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electronic absorption (UV-Visible) spectra, and four probe methods. The results confirmed the substitution of Cu2+ ions by Sn4+ ions in the CuO crystallites without altering their monoclinic structure. The measured crystallite size values decreased with increased doping concentration, indicating increased imperfection. This applies to both 5- and 10-layered CuO films. The doping concentration affected other film characteristics, namely, surface morphology and electrical conductivity, in each layered film. Among various systems, the 10-layered film, with 1.5 at% Sn, exhibited optimal properties in terms of higher uniformity (mean square root surface roughness 41 nm) and higher conductivity (50.3 × 10−3·Ω−1·cm−1). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sol-Gel Processes)
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17 pages, 4321 KiB  
Article
Coating Process of Honeycomb Cordierite Support with Ni/Boehmite Gels
by Vincent Claude, Julien G. Mahy, Timothée Lohay, Jérémy Geens and Stéphanie D. Lambert
Processes 2022, 10(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050875 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
This study presents the development of a method for the washcoating of Ni/boehmite gels, prepared by the sol–gel process, onto the surface of a commercial ceramic monolith. Indeed, a cordierite monolith in a honeycomb shape was used as the substrate for the Ni/Al [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of a method for the washcoating of Ni/boehmite gels, prepared by the sol–gel process, onto the surface of a commercial ceramic monolith. Indeed, a cordierite monolith in a honeycomb shape was used as the substrate for the Ni/Al2O3 deposition. An experimental assembly was made in order to apply the coating on the cordierite surface. Different suspensions were used with various viscosities, and multiple coating parameters were tested as the withdrawal speed, or the number of impregnations. It was observed that the simple deposition of the Ni/boehmite gel led to the formation of coating. Different morphologies were observed, and defects were highlighted as cracks, coating-free areas or aggregates. Among the various parameters studied, the pH of the sol appeared to play a role even more important than the viscosity. Indeed, the sol acidified with nitric acid showed a coating which was almost free of cracks or of large aggregates. Moreover, the use of a slurry mix of calcined alumina particles and colloidal boehmite appeared also as an interesting path. The beneficial influence of the slurry was attributed to a better resistance of the coating against the stresses induced during drying, and a deviation of the cracks in the gels by slurry grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sol-Gel Processes)
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