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Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment
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Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2024) | Viewed by 5737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gaber Magdy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
Interests: power system stability; dynamics; and control; renewable energy systems; energy storage systems; electric vehicles; smart/micro-grids
Dr. Mohamed R. Gomaa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha 13512, Egypt
Interests: energy and renewable energy (systems and applications); energy conversion; efficiency and management; energy system modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 21st century is faced with the major concern of climate change. It is necessary to control the change in the world’s climate, with the major goal of the world community of returning the climate’s status to its previous era, before it was contaminated by the use of harmful fuels. This is not only an urgent necessity in our time—it has become a duty for all researchers. Recently, the countries of the world have taken a serious step towards achieving this goal. Accordingly, researchers are now in the race to develop new alternatives in the field of green energy. For example, photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered a zero-emission source. Recently, the implementation of PV-based power plants has increased, as solar PV is a perfect energy source without any environmental pollution. This merit encouraged those interested in energy to use solar energy as an alternative to traditional energy sources. While the installation of photovoltaic solar panels is increasing day by day, their efficient use also plays an important role. Because solar PV power generation depends entirely on weather conditions such as temperature and radiation, the massive scaling of energy generation from renewables is essential. Due to the abundance, market potential, technological advancements, and, importantly, low cost, solar photovoltaics (PVs) are driving the growth of renewable energy sources and will be the main source leading this transformation towards sustainable and climate-resilient energy generation.

This Special Issue, Photovoltaic Systems: Modelling, Control, Measurement and Applications, seeks high-quality works and will consider manuscripts that provide concepts or methodologies that can be utilized for improving the performance of PV systems. We are collecting the advancements from novel, original research works as well as reviews.

The scope of interests includes, but it is not limited to, the following topics:

  • PV systems characterization and modelling;
  • Advanced control algorithms and optimization techniques;
  • Energy-storage materials and devices (hydrogen production and storage, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium/potassium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, metal–air batteries, fuel cells, etc.);
  • Energy management strategies;
  • Application of PV systems;
  • Energy efficiency;
  • PV/thermal systems;
  • Concentrating PV/thermal systems;
  • PV/thermoelectric generator systems;
  • Modelling PV/thermal systems;
  • Hybrid renewable systems.

Dr. Gaber Magdy
Dr. Mohamed R. Gomaa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • PV systems
  • PV/thermal systems
  • energy efficiency
  • artificial intelligence
  • modern optimization
  • energy management

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4176 KiB  
Article
Design of Photovoltaic Power Generation Servo System Based on Discrete Adaptive Network Dynamic Surface Control Technology
by Xiaowei Xu, Ding Nie, Wenhua Xu, Ke Wang, Shan Chen, Yongjie Nie, Xiao Fu and Wan Xu
Processes 2023, 11(6), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061667 - 30 May 2023
Viewed by 828
Abstract
In recent years, under the development of the dual carbon goal, the energy crisis has become increasingly serious, and China has also experienced serious power rationing. However, the research on dynamic surface control technology in solar tracking systems in nonlinear control systems is [...] Read more.
In recent years, under the development of the dual carbon goal, the energy crisis has become increasingly serious, and China has also experienced serious power rationing. However, the research on dynamic surface control technology in solar tracking systems in nonlinear control systems is mostly based on continuous-time systems, while adaptive dynamic surface control based on discrete-time nonlinear control systems can describe an actual control system more accurately in the production process. It can effectively suppress interference with extremely high stability and safety. To solve the problem of low efficiency in photovoltaic power generation, this research first built a photovoltaic power generation servo system model based on the parameter of uncertainty. Then, a discrete adaptive neural network dynamic surface (DANNDS) controller was designed to solve the problems in the design of the traditional backstepping method. Finally, based on the designed method of a dynamic surface controller, a discrete adaptive neural network quantization controller (DANNQC) for the photovoltaic power generation servo system was designed by introducing external disturbance. The control parameters and their studied ranges were as follows: The reference signals were or1=sin(0.1t) and or2=cos(0.1t). The parameters of the virtual control law and the final control law were m11=0.01, m22=0.01, m12=0.02, m13=0.02, and m23=0.02. The time constant of the low-pass filter was ζ12=ζ13=ζ22=ζ23=0.005. The parameters of the parameter regulation law were ρ12=ρ13=ρ22=ρ23=0.0005 and a12=a13=20, a22=a23=22. The research results show that the MTE, RMSTE, and 2NTE scores of the height angle servo motor of the DANNDS control method were 0.0026, 7.0279 × 10−4, and 0.3552, respectively. The scores for each index of the azimuth servo motor were 0.0028, 8.9237 × 10−4, and 0.4511, respectively. The height angle tracking error for the DANNQC control method was [−0.02,0.022]. The azimuth tracking error was [−0.03,0.03]. In summary, the photovoltaic power generation servo system based on the DANNQC has a better control performance. By controlling the height angle and azimuth angles, it can better track the position of the sun and adjust the position of the photovoltaic panel in real time. The sun’s rays illuminate the photovoltaic panel at an appropriate angle to achieve maximum power generation efficiency, which is of great practical significance for the development of solar technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment)
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16 pages, 3302 KiB  
Article
Application of the MPPT Control Algorithm Based on Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization in a Photovoltaic Power Generation System
by Xiaowei Xu, Wei Zhou, Wenhua Xu, Yongjie Nie, Shan Chen, Yangjian Ou, Kaihong Zhou and Mingxian Liu
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051456 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123
Abstract
The Maximum Power Point Tracking method is a mainstream method for improving the operational efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, but it is difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing environment and lacks good steady-state and dynamic performance. To achieve fast and accurate tracking [...] Read more.
The Maximum Power Point Tracking method is a mainstream method for improving the operational efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, but it is difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing environment and lacks good steady-state and dynamic performance. To achieve fast and accurate tracking of the Maximum Power Point Tracking, the optimization of the contraction expansion coefficient of the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is studied, and then the Levy flight strategy is introduced to optimize the algorithm’s global convergence ability, thereby constructing the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Finally, the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is obtained. The research results showed that the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm can always converge to the theoretical minimum value with a probability of more than 94% in the Roserock function and Rastigin function tests. The tracking error of the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm was less than 1% under lighting conditions. The convergence time of the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm in arbitrary shadow occlusion environments can reach a stable state within 0.1 s. In summary, the Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm proposed in the study has excellent performance and very wide applicability. To a certain extent, it improves the total power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment)
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14 pages, 4950 KiB  
Article
CFD Evaluation of Thermal Conditioning in a House of Social Interest with a Solar Chimney Arrangement in Guanajuato, Mexico
by Sergio Rodriguez Miranda, G. O. Gamboa, Marco Antonio Zamora-Antuñano, Neín Farrera-Vázquez and Raúl García-García
Processes 2023, 11(4), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041286 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
The aim of using electromechanical air conditioning in buildings is to maintain thermal comfort for its occupants; however, this type of air conditioning represents 40% of the total energy consumption of a building, generating economic and environmental impacts, because fossil fuels are the [...] Read more.
The aim of using electromechanical air conditioning in buildings is to maintain thermal comfort for its occupants; however, this type of air conditioning represents 40% of the total energy consumption of a building, generating economic and environmental impacts, because fossil fuels are the main source of energy. To reduce the use of electromechanical conditioning, it is possible to take advantage of the climatic conditions of the region to improve its performance. Due to the small number of works that quantitatively support measures aimed at improving the thermal behavior of houses in an integral way and the growth of mass construction in Mexico, in the present work, a solar chimney is incorporated in a typical type of social interest housing in Guanajuato. The incorporation of the solar chimney was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS and evaluated by ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. The selected arrangement induces air flow inside without the need for external flow and obtains speeds of 0.2 m/s; thus, it could be considered for rooms within comfort zones up to an operating temperature of 29 °C according to the ASHRAE Standard 55-2017, PMV method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment)
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Review

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39 pages, 3159 KiB  
Review
Availability of Biomass and Potential of Nanotechnologies for Bioenergy Production in Jordan
by Ala’a K. Al-Bawwat, Antonio Cano, Mohamed R. Gomaa and Francisco Jurado
Processes 2023, 11(4), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11040992 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1599
Abstract
Jordan’s energy situation is in a critical state of dependency, with the country relying heavily on imports to satisfy its ever-increasing energy requirements. Renewable energy is a more competitive and consistent source of energy that can supply a large proportion of a country’s [...] Read more.
Jordan’s energy situation is in a critical state of dependency, with the country relying heavily on imports to satisfy its ever-increasing energy requirements. Renewable energy is a more competitive and consistent source of energy that can supply a large proportion of a country’s energy demand. It is environmentally friendly and minimizes atmospheric pollutant emissions. Thus, bioenergy has the potential to be a crucial alternative energy source in Jordan. Biomass is the principal source of bioenergy; it accounts for approximately 13% of the primary energy demand and is anticipated to supply half of the total primary energy demand by 2050. Nanotechnology has emerged as an important scientific research area with numerous applications, including biofuels. This review summarizes the application of nanoparticles to improve the properties and processes of biofuels. It presents the availability and viability of nanotechnology-supported bioenergy production in Jordan. Jordan generates up to 5.8 million tons of biomass each year and has access to abundant nonedible plant resources (such as Jojoba, Handal, and Jatropha). The theoretical energy potential of waste and residue available in Jordan was also assessed; it was discovered that the 1.28 million tons of dry crop residues (vegetables, fruits, and farming crops) could generate 6.8 PJ of energy per year and that biogas could be generated at a rate of 817 MCM/year Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment)
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