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12 pages, 2471 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Conductive Hydrogels for Electrochemical Sensing of Hydroquinone

by Tingting Xu, Huanli Gao, Orlando J. Rojas and Hongqi Dai

Polymers 2023, 15(11), 2424; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15112424 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1453

Abstract

In this work, a conductive hydrogel was successfully synthesized, taking advantage of the high number density of active amino and hydroxyl groups in carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. These biopolymers were effectively coupled via hydrogen bonding with the nitrogen atoms of the heterocyclic rings of conductive polypyrrole. The inclusion of another biobased polymer, sodium lignosulfonate (LS), was effective to achieve highly efficient adsorption and in-situ reduction of silver ions, leading to silver nanoparticles that were embedded in the hydrogel network and used to further improve the electro-catalytic efficiency of the system. Doping of the system in the pre-gelled state led to hydrogels that could be easily attached to the electrodes. The as-prepared silver nanoparticle-embedded conductive hydrogel electrode exhibited excellent electro-catalytic activity towards hydroquinone (HQ) present in a buffer solution. At the optimum conditions, the oxidation current density peak of HQ was linear over the 0.1–100 μM concentration range, with a detection limit as low as 0.12 μM (signal-to-noise of 3). The relative standard deviation of the anodic peak current intensity was 1.37% for eight different electrodes. After one week of storage in a 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer solution at 4 °C, the anodic peak current intensity was 93.4% of the initial current intensity. In addition, this sensor showed no interference activity, while the addition of 30 μM CC, RS, or 1 mM of different inorganic ions does not have a significant impact on the test results, enabling HQ quantification in actual water samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications)

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14 pages, 8763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hemigraphis alternata Leaf Extract Incorporated Agar/Pectin-Based Bio-Engineered Wound Dressing Materials for Effective Skin Cancer Wound Care Therapy

by Jijo Koshy and Dhanaraj Sangeetha

Polymers 2023, 15(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010115 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2338

Abstract

The rapidly expanding area of regenerative medicine may soon enter a new phase owing to developments in biomaterials and their application in generating new tissues. Chemicals and synthetic drugs are currently the subject of heated debate due to their effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, scientists seek out new products and procedures that are harmless to both the environment and human health concerns. Bio-based materials provide excellent functional qualities with a variety of applications. This study resulted in the development of a film with antimicrobial, hydrophilic, and anti-cancer properties, which is most beneficial in the medical sectors. In this study, we developed a blended biodegradable film containing agar and pectin (AP), with excellent surface functional properties framed through a casting technique. Additionally, the property can be changed by the addition of extract of hemigraphis alternata (HA) extract. The incorporation of extract in AP (APH) can be used for anti-cancer wound care therapy. The fabricated film is biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. This material is entirely based on a green methodology, and it was prepared in a concise manner without the use of any hazardous solvents. Based on the overall nature of biopolymer, the prepared material is a promising alternative to our society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications)

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26 pages, 810 KiB

Open AccessReview

Polyvinyl Alcohol, a Versatile Excipient for Pharmaceutical 3D Printing

by Nadine Couți, Alina Porfire, Rareș Iovanov, Andrea Gabriela Crișan, Sonia Iurian, Tibor Casian and Ioan Tomuță

Polymers 2024, 16(4), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16040517 - 14 Feb 2024

Viewed by 863

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in the pharmaceutical field allows rapid manufacturing of a diverse range of pharmaceutical dosage forms, including personalized items. The application of this technology in dosage form manufacturing requires the judicious selection of excipients because the selected materials must be appropriate to the working principle of each technique. Most techniques rely on the use of polymers as the main material. Among the pharmaceutically approved polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the most used, especially for fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. This review summarizes the physical and chemical properties of pharmaceutical-grade PVA and its applications in the manufacturing of dosage forms, with a particular focus on those fabricated through FDM. The work provides evidence on the diversity of dosage forms created using this polymer, highlighting how formulation and processing difficulties may be overcome to get the dosage forms with a suitable design and release profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications)

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