Advances in Air Pollutant Monitoring through Low-Cost Sensors

A special issue of Pollutants (ISSN 2673-4672). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2782

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment, Sustainable Development Department, Research Center of Brindisi, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
Interests: air quality monitoring; air pollutant monitors; low-cost sensors for air pollutant monitoring; sensor networks for air quality monitoring; calibration of gas sensors; remote sensing; internet of things; low-cost systems for air pollutant personal exposure; indoor air quality portable monitors; wireless sensors; design of low-cost air quality monitors; indoor air pollution; calibration models for air quality sensors; air pollutant real time monitoring; state-of-art in real-time air quality monitoring through low-cost technologies
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air quality monitoring (AQM) is essential for public health preservation. Air pollutants are responsible for the negative implications for the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous system. The main sources of such pollutants can be identified in traffic emissions, industrial pollution, and also in indoor activities. Environmental protection agencies are in charge of monitoring the concentration levels of the main air pollutants, such as NO2, NO, CO, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, through the use of conventional fixed monitoring stations based on accurate but expensive, bulky, energy-consuming, and maintenance-demanding instrumentations. All these factors limit the deployment of monitoring stations on the territory, preventing the building of spatiotemporal high-resolution air pollutant maps. One of the consequences of this issue is that common citizens cannot assess their personal exposure to air pollutants in real time using information provided by governmental agencies. In recent years, the development of innovative low-cost miniaturized sensors (LCMSs) for AQM has offered a possible solution to this issue, but the use of such devices does not guarantee the same accuracy featuring conventional instrumentation. The quality of data provided by LCMSs heavily depends on their construction technology, calibration model, and the supporting electronics. All these factors can affect the baseline drift of LCMSs, their cross-sensitivity, their linearity, or their long-term stability, which in turn can limit their overall performance. For all these reasons, the use of monitors based on LCMSs for AQM is still under investigation by several researchers and institutions. The aim and the scope of this Special Issue is therefore focused on research articles or review articles concerning advances in the use of devices, monitors, and instruments based on LCMSs for AQM. Thus, the submitted papers can include topics such as:

- Case studies of real-time AQM through monitors based on LCMSs;

- Calibration models and techniques of LCMSs or LCMS-based monitors;

- Evaluation of LCMSs or LCMS-based monitors for AQM;

- Use of wireless networks based on LCMS monitors for AQM;

- Data treatment of LCMS or LCMS-based monitors.

Dr. Domenico Suriano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • air quality monitoring
  • real-time air pollutant monitoring
  • low-cost gas sensors
  • low-cost pm sensors
  • wireless networks
  • calibration models

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
by Francis Olawale Abulude, Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide, Akinyinka Akinnusotu, Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo, Ademola Adamu and Amoke Monisola Kenni
Pollutants 2024, 4(1), 72-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010006 - 08 Feb 2024
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Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Urban), Iju (semi-urban), Oba-Ile (semi-urban), and [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Urban), Iju (semi-urban), Oba-Ile (semi-urban), and Owode (Rural) within Akure local government areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the toxicity potential of these PM fractions, providing valuable insights into the local air quality and associated health risks. This study assesses the health implications by calculating the toxicity potential (TP), relative risk (RR), excess risk (ER), and attributable fractions (Afs) for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. The results reveal varying RR values for all-cause mortality, with Arakale showing a slight elevation (RR: 1.061), indicating potential health risks. ER values for cardiopulmonary mortality range from 14.728 ± 7.25 to 19.04 ± 0.38, emphasizing the substantial excess risk associated with long-term PM2.5 exposure. The study also uncovers Afs for cardiopulmonary mortality ranging between 11.03 ± 0.31 and 19.22 ± 0.04, underscoring the significant contribution of PM to cardiovascular and respiratory health risks. Similarly, Afs for lung cancer mortality range from 10.03 ± 0.012 to 17.13 ± 0.10, highlighting the substantial association between PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions in the studied locations to mitigate the heightened health risks associated with particulate matter pollution. The calculated RR, ER, and AF values offer crucial insights into the complex relationship between PM exposure and adverse health outcomes, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and future research endeavors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Air Pollutant Monitoring through Low-Cost Sensors)
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16 pages, 18130 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Air Quality Network for the Aburra Valley Surrounding Mountains
by Andrés Yarce Botero, Santiago Lopez Restrepo, Juan Sebastian Rodriguez, Diego Valle, Julian Galvez-Serna, Elena Montilla, Francisco Botero, Bas Henzing, Arjo Segers, Arnold Heemink, Olga Lucia Quintero and Nicolás Pinel
Pollutants 2023, 3(1), 150-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3010012 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1617
Abstract
The densest network for measuring air pollutant concentrations in Colombia is in Medellin, where most sensors are located in the heavily polluted lower parts of the valley. Measuring stations in the higher elevations on the mountains surrounding the valley are not available, which [...] Read more.
The densest network for measuring air pollutant concentrations in Colombia is in Medellin, where most sensors are located in the heavily polluted lower parts of the valley. Measuring stations in the higher elevations on the mountains surrounding the valley are not available, which limits our understanding of the valley’s pollutant dynamics and hinders the effectiveness of data assimilation studies using chemical transport models such as LOTOS-EUROS. To address this gap in measurements, we have designed a new network of low-cost sensors to be installed at altitudes above 2000 m.a.s.l. The network consists of custom-built, solar-powered, and remotely connected sensors. Locations were strategically selected using the LOTOS-EUROS model driven by diverse meteorology-simulated fields to explore the effects of the valley wind representation on the transport of pollutants. The sensors transmit collected data to internet gateways for posterior analysis. Various tests to verify the critical characteristics of the equipment, such as long-range transmission modeling and experiments with an R score of 0.96 for the best propagation model, energy power system autonomy, and sensor calibration procedures, besides case exposure to dust and water experiments, to ensure IP certifications. An inter-calibration procedure was performed to characterize the sensors against reference sensors and describe the observation error to provide acceptable ranges for the data assimilation algorithm (<10% nominal). The design, installation, testing, and implementation of this air quality network, oriented towards data assimilation over the Aburrá Valley, constitute an initial experience for the simulation capabilities toward the system’s operative capabilities. Our solution approach adds value by removing the disadvantages of low-cost devices and offers a viable solution from a developing country’s perspective, employing hardware explicitly designed for the situation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Air Pollutant Monitoring through Low-Cost Sensors)
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