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Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato
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Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 18217

Special Issue Editor

Dr. John E. Bradshaw

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
2. Flat 25, 34 Simpson Loan, Edinburgh EH3 9GF, UK
Interests: plant breeding and genetics; potato breeding and genetics; population and quantitative genetics; late blight of potatoes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The advent of diploid F1 hybrid potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding in 2008, and progress since, has solved the problem of the production of genetically uniform cultivars for propagation from true potato seed (TPS). There is now much interest in applying advances in potato genetics and genomics to make such breeding as effective and efficient as possible. There are questions to answer about the scale of breeding required, the existence of heterotic groups, and the determination of how to produce sufficient TPS to meet demand. There is also the wider issue of the choice between producing diploid cultivars for propagation from TPS or tetraploid cultivars for vegetative propagation from tubers, currently the most widespread method. If farmers wish to plant mini-tubers for good crop establishment, the choice could depend on the relative ease and economics of producing clean planting material from TPS or micro-plants and the relative yields of diploid and tetraploid potatoes, a long debated but unresolved issue. If we do reach the point where (pelleted) botanical seed can be directly drilled, then we are into the economics of two different farming methods, and diploid F1 hybrid potatoes will find their favoured places around the world. It therefore seems timely to invite contributions for a Special Issue on all of these aspects of diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding. It is worth remembering that there is a need to increase potato yields and nutritional value during a time of human population growth and climate change; the potato is, after all, the world’s fourth most important food crop after maize, rice, and wheat, with 359 million tonnes fresh-weight (FW) of tubers produced in 2020 from 16.5 million hectares of land, in 163 countries, giving a global average yield of 21.8 t ha−1 (http://faostat.fao.org, 4 January 2022).

Dr. John E. Bradshaw
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diploid F1 hybrid potatoes
  • Solanum tuberosum
  • potato breeding
  • true potato seed (TPS)
  • potato genetics and genomics
  • potato seed systems
  • potato mini-tubers
  • potato yield
  • potato nutritional value

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2327 KiB  
Article
Efficient Genomic Prediction of Yield and Dry Matter in Hybrid Potato
by James Adams, Michiel de Vries and Fred van Eeuwijk
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2617; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142617 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1326
Abstract
There is an ongoing endeavor within the potato breeding sector to rapidly adapt potato from a clonal polyploid crop to a diploid hybrid potato crop. While hybrid breeding allows for the efficient generation and selection of parental lines, it also increases breeding program [...] Read more.
There is an ongoing endeavor within the potato breeding sector to rapidly adapt potato from a clonal polyploid crop to a diploid hybrid potato crop. While hybrid breeding allows for the efficient generation and selection of parental lines, it also increases breeding program complexity and results in longer breeding cycles. Over the past two decades, genomic prediction has revolutionized hybrid crop breeding through shorter breeding cycles, lower phenotyping costs, and better population improvement, resulting in increased genetic gains for genetically complex traits. In order to accelerate the genetic gains in hybrid potato, the proper implementation of genomic prediction is a crucial milestone in the rapid improvement of this crop. The authors of this paper set out to test genomic prediction in hybrid potato using current genotyped material with two alternative models: one model that predicts the general combining ability effects (GCA) and another which predicts both the general and specific combining ability effects (GCA+SCA). Using a training set comprising 769 hybrids and 456 genotyped parental lines, we found that reasonable a prediction accuracy could be achieved for most phenotypes with both zero common parents (ρ=0.36−0.61) and one (ρ=0.50−0.68) common parent between the training and test sets. There was no benefit with the inclusion of non-additive genetic effects in the GCA+SCA model despite SCA variance contributing between 9% and 19% of the total genetic variance. Genotype-by-environment interactions, while present, did not appear to affect the prediction accuracy, though prediction errors did vary across the trial’s targets. These results suggest that genomically estimated breeding values on parental lines are sufficient for hybrid yield prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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20 pages, 338 KiB  
Article
Responsible Innovation in Plant Breeding: The Case of Hybrid Potato Breeding
by Dirk Stemerding, Koen Beumer, Rosanne Edelenbosch, Jac. A. A. Swart, Michiel E. de Vries, Emily ter Steeg, Conny J. M. Almekinders, Pim Lindhout, Luuk C. M. van Dijk and Paul C. Struik
Plants 2023, 12(9), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091751 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2527
Abstract
As an emerging innovation, hybrid potato breeding raises high expectations about faster variety development and clean true potato seed as a new source of planting material. Hybrid breeding could, therefore, substantially contribute to global food security and other major sustainable development goals. However, [...] Read more.
As an emerging innovation, hybrid potato breeding raises high expectations about faster variety development and clean true potato seed as a new source of planting material. Hybrid breeding could, therefore, substantially contribute to global food security and other major sustainable development goals. However, its success will not only depend on the performance of hybrid potato in the field, but also on a range of complex and dynamic system conditions. This article is based on a multidisciplinary project in which we have studied the innovation dynamics of hybrid potato breeding and explored how these dynamics may shape the future of hybrid potato. Inspired by the approach of responsible innovation, we closely involved key players in the Dutch and international potato sector and other relevant actors in thinking about these potato futures. An important and recurrent theme in our work is the tension between the predominant commercial innovation dynamics in plant breeding and promises to respond to the global challenges of food security, agrobiodiversity and climate change. In this article, we, therefore, discuss responsible innovation strategies in (hybrid) potato breeding, which may help to bridge this tension and finally reflect on the implications for the field of plant breeding in general. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
11 pages, 2129 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Self-Compatibility Factors on Interspecific Compatibility in Solanum Section Petota
by William L. Behling and David S. Douches
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1709; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081709 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 987
Abstract
The relationships of interspecific compatibility and incompatibility in Solanum section Petota are complex. Inquiry into these relationships in tomato and its wild relatives has elucidated the pleiotropic and redundant function of S-RNase and HT which tandemly and independently mediate both interspecific and intraspecific [...] Read more.
The relationships of interspecific compatibility and incompatibility in Solanum section Petota are complex. Inquiry into these relationships in tomato and its wild relatives has elucidated the pleiotropic and redundant function of S-RNase and HT which tandemly and independently mediate both interspecific and intraspecific pollen rejection. Our findings presented here are consistent with previous work conducted in Solanum section Lycopersicon showing that S-RNase plays a central role in interspecific pollen rejection. Statistical analyses also demonstrated that HT-B alone is not a significant factor in these pollinations; demonstrating the overlap in gene function between HT-A and HT-B, as HT-A, was present and functional in all genotypes used. We were not able to replicate the general absence of prezygotic stylar barriers observable in S. verrucosum, which has been attributed to the lack of S-RNase, indicating that other non-S-RNase factors play a significant role. We also demonstrated that Sli played no significant role in these interspecific pollinations, directly conflicting with previous research. It is possible that S. chacoense as a pollen donor is better able to bypass stylar barriers in 1EBN species such as S. pinnatisectum. Consequently, S. chacoense may be a valuable resource in accessing these 1EBN species regardless of Sli status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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13 pages, 1294 KiB  
Article
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Incidence in Potato Breeding Populations with Late Blight Resistance and Identification of Breeding Lines with a Potential Fertility Restorer Mechanism
by Monica Santayana, Mariela Aponte, Moctar Kante, Raúl Eyzaguirre, Manuel Gastelo and Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3093; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223093 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in potato is a common reproductive issue in late blight breeding programs since resistant sources usually have a wild cytoplasmic background (W or D). Nevertheless, in each breeding cycle male fertile lines have been observed within D- and T-type [...] Read more.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in potato is a common reproductive issue in late blight breeding programs since resistant sources usually have a wild cytoplasmic background (W or D). Nevertheless, in each breeding cycle male fertile lines have been observed within D- and T-type cytoplasms, indicating the presence of a fertility restorer (Rf) mechanism. Identifying sources of Rf and complete male sterility to implement a CMS–Rf system in potato is important since hybrid breeding is a feasible breeding strategy for potato. The objective of this study was to identify male fertile breeding lines and potential Rf candidate lines in the CIP late blight breeding pipeline. We characterized male fertility/sterility-related traits on 142 breeding lines of known cytoplasmic type. We found that pollen viability is not a reliable estimate of male sterility in diverse backgrounds. Breeding lines of the T-type cytoplasmic group had higher levels of male fertility than breeding lines of the D-type cytoplasmic group. With the help of pedigree records, reproductive traits evaluations and test crosses with female clones of diverse background, we identified four male parental lines segregating for Rf and three female parental lines that generated 100% male sterile progeny. These identified lines and generated test cross progenies will be valuable to develop validation populations for mitochondrial or nuclear markers for the CMS trait and for dihaploid generation of Rf+ lines that can be later employed in diploid hybrid breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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Review

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17 pages, 1527 KiB  
Review
Converting Hybrid Potato Breeding Science into Practice
by Michiel E. de Vries, James R. Adams, Ernst-jan Eggers, Su Ying, Julia E. Stockem, Olivia C. Kacheyo, Luuk C. M. van Dijk, Pawan Khera, Christian W. Bachem, Pim Lindhout and Edwin A. G. van der Vossen
Plants 2023, 12(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020230 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3432
Abstract
Research on diploid hybrid potato has made fast advances in recent years. In this review we give an overview of the most recent and relevant research outcomes. We define different components needed for a complete hybrid program: inbred line development, hybrid evaluation, cropping [...] Read more.
Research on diploid hybrid potato has made fast advances in recent years. In this review we give an overview of the most recent and relevant research outcomes. We define different components needed for a complete hybrid program: inbred line development, hybrid evaluation, cropping systems and variety registration. For each of these components the important research results are discussed and the outcomes and issues that merit further study are identified. We connect fundamental and applied research to application in a breeding program, based on the experiences at the breeding company Solynta. In the concluding remarks, we set hybrid breeding in a societal perspective, and we identify bottlenecks that need to be overcome to allow successful adoption of hybrid potato. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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14 pages, 1150 KiB  
Review
Molecular Approaches to Overcome Self-Incompatibility in Diploid Potatoes
by Hemant Balasaheb Kardile, Solomon Yilma and Vidyasagar Sathuvalli
Plants 2022, 11(10), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11101328 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2851
Abstract
There has been an increased interest in true potato seeds (TPS) as planting material because of their advantages over seed tubers. TPS produced from a tetraploid heterozygous bi-parental population produces non-uniform segregating progenies, which have had limited uniformity in yield and quality in [...] Read more.
There has been an increased interest in true potato seeds (TPS) as planting material because of their advantages over seed tubers. TPS produced from a tetraploid heterozygous bi-parental population produces non-uniform segregating progenies, which have had limited uniformity in yield and quality in commercial cultivation, and, thus, limited success. Inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility hamper the development of inbred lines in both tetraploid and diploid potatoes, impeding hybrid development efforts. Diploid potatoes have gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) controlled by S-locus, harboring the male-dependent S-locus F-box (SLF/SFB) and female-dependent Stylar-RNase (S-RNase). Manipulation of these genes using biotechnological tools may lead to loss of self-incompatibility. Self-compatibility can also be achieved by the introgression of S-locus inhibitor (Sli) found in the self-compatible (SC) natural mutants of Solanum chacoense. The introgression of Sli through conventional breeding methods has gained much success. Recently, the Sli gene has been cloned from diverse SC diploid potato lines. It is expressed gametophytically and can overcome the SI in different diploid potato genotypes through conventional breeding or transgenic approaches. Interestingly, it has a 533 bp insertion in its promoter elements, a MITE transposon, making it a SC allele. Sli gene encodes an F-box protein PP2-B10, which consists of an F-box domain linked to a lectin domain. Interaction studies have revealed that the C-terminal region of Sli interacts with most of the StS-RNases, except StS-RNase 3, 9, 10, and 13, while full-length Sli cannot interact with StS-RNase 3, 9, 11, 13, and 14. Thus, Sli may play an essential role in mediating the interactions between pollen and stigma and function like SLFs to interact with and detoxify the S-RNases during pollen tube elongation to confer SC to SI lines. These advancements have opened new avenues in the diploid potato hybrid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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28 pages, 1374 KiB  
Review
Breeding Diploid F1 Hybrid Potatoes for Propagation from Botanical Seed (TPS): Comparisons with Theory and Other Crops
by John E. Bradshaw
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091121 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3412
Abstract
This paper reviews the progress and the way ahead in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding by comparisons with expectations from the theory of inbreeding and crossbreeding, and experiences from other diploid outbreeding crops. Diploid potatoes can be converted from an outbreeding species, [...] Read more.
This paper reviews the progress and the way ahead in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding by comparisons with expectations from the theory of inbreeding and crossbreeding, and experiences from other diploid outbreeding crops. Diploid potatoes can be converted from an outbreeding species, in which self-pollination is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, into one where self-pollination is possible, either through a dominant self-incompatibility inhibitor gene (Sli) or knockout mutations in the incompatibility locus. As a result, diploid F1 hybrid breeding can be used to produce genetically uniform potato cultivars for propagation from true potato seeds by crossing two near-homozygous inbred lines, derived from a number of generations of self-pollination despite inbreeding depression. Molecular markers can be used to detect and remove deleterious recessive mutations of large effect, including those in tight repulsion linkage. Improvements to the inbred lines can be made by introducing and stacking genes and chromosome segments of large desirable effect from wild relatives by backcrossing. Improvements in quantitative traits require a number of cycles of inbreeding and crossbreeding. Seed production can be achieved by hand pollinations. F1 hybrid planting material can be delivered to farmers as true seeds or young plants, and mini-tubers derived from true seeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diploid F1 Hybrid Breeding in Potato)
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