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Special Issue "Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants"

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A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 14853

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Dr. Małgorzata Nykiel

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Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: acclimatization to drought; signaling under stress; the physiological and biochemical response of the plant to stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Mateusz Labudda

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Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: molecular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms of plant responses to pathogens and pests especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants; sugars as signaling molecules; regulation of proteolysis and nitrogen metabolism; additional research topics concern the plant abiotic stress especially metallic trace elements and mechanisms of combined stresses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Beata Prabucka

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Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: Plant cysteine proteinases activity regulation; phytocystatins; plant respons to biotic stress

Dr. Marta Gietler

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Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: crops; abiotic stresses; proteome; plant signaling

Dr. Justyna Fidler

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Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: plant molecular biology and biochemistry; phytohormones; abscisic acid metabolism and signaling; molecular regulation of seed development and germination

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant responses to environmental factors are extraordinarily complex. They can be observed at various levels of plant organization, ranging from changes in the intensity of basic biochemical processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration to morphological and anatomical changes in organs. However, these aforementioned biochemical changes are preceded by the activation of an efficient signaling system which endures environmental fluctuations.

This Special Issue accepts publications concerning hormonal signaling, interactions between ROS, NO, and H₂S, cascade of kinases, triggering transcription factors, changes in gene expression in response to water deficit, cold, heat, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metals stress. Moreover, the SI also accepts works on the plant's response to stress, i.e., activation of the antioxidant system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and the repair system.

Original and review papers on all of the above aspects of signaling under stress (also operating simultaneously or sequentially) are welcomed contributions for this Special Issue of Plants.

Dr. Małgorzata Nykiel
Dr. Mateusz Labudda
Dr. Beata Prabucka
Dr. Marta Gietler
Dr. Justyna Fidler
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Domesticated plants
Abiotic and biotic stress
Signaling
Adaptation and acclimatization to stress

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Open AccessArticle

During Water Stress, Fertility Modulated by ROS Scavengers Abundant in Arabidopsis Pistils

Ya-Ying Wang

Donald J. Head

and

Bernard A. Hauser

Plants 2023, 12(11), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112182 - 31 May 2023

Viewed by 167

Abstract

Hours after watering plants with 75 mM NaCl, the water potential of reproductive structures precipitously decreases. In flowers with mature gametes, this change in water potential did not alter the rate of fertilization but caused 37% of the fertilized ovules to abort. We hypothesize that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovules is an early physiological manifestation associated with seed failure. In this study, we characterize ROS scavengers that were differentially expressed in stressed ovules to determine whether any of these genes regulate ROS accumulation and/or associate with seed failure. Mutants in an iron-dependent superoxide dismutase (FSD2), ascorbate peroxidase (APX4), and three peroxidases (PER17, PER28, and PER29) were evaluated for changes in fertility. Fertility was unchanged in apx4 mutants, but the other mutants grown under normal conditions averaged a 140% increase in seed failure. In pistils, PER17 expression increases three-fold after stress, while the other genes decreased two-fold or more following stress; this change in expression accounts for differences in fertility between healthy and stressed conditions for different genotypes. In pistils, H₂O₂ levels rose in per mutants, but only in the triple mutant was there a significant increase, indicating that other ROS or their scavengers be involved in seed failure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses of Photosynthesis in Three Mulberry Cultivars within Two Propagation Methods (Cutting and Grafting) under Waterlogging Stress

and

Plants 2023, 12(11), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112066 - 23 May 2023

Viewed by 305

Abstract

Mulberry is a valuable woody plant with significant economic importance. It can be propagated through two main methods: cutting and grafting. Waterlogging can have a major impact on mulberry growth and can significantly reduce production. In this study, we examined gene expression patterns and photosynthetic responses in three waterlogged mulberry cultivars propagated through cutting and grafting. Compared to the control group, waterlogging treatments reduced levels of chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugars, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, the treatments significantly decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in all three cultivars, except for superoxide dismutase (SOD). Waterlogging treatments also affected the rate of photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) in all three cultivars. However, no significant difference in physiological response was observed between the cutting and grafting groups. Gene expression patterns in the mulberry changed dramatically after waterlogging stress and varied between the two propagation methods. A total of 10,394 genes showed significant changes in expression levels, with the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) varying between comparison groups. GO and KEGG analysis revealed important DEGs, including photosynthesis-related genes that were significantly downregulated after waterlogging treatment. Notably, these genes were upregulated at day 10 in the cutting group compared to the grafting group. In particular, genes involved in carbon fixation were significantly upregulated in the cutting group. Finally, cutting propagation methods displayed better recovery capacity from waterlogging stress than grafting. This study provides valuable information for improving mulberry genetics in breeding programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Transcriptional Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes and Primary Metabolic Variations in Rice Affected by Different Water Status

Gahyun Kim

and

Jwakyung Sung

Plants 2023, 12(8), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081649 - 14 Apr 2023

Viewed by 473

Abstract

The era of climate change strongly requires higher efficiency of energies, such as light, water, nutrients, etc., during crop production. Rice is the world’s greatest water-consuming plant, and, thus, water-saving practices such as alternative wetting and drying (AWD) are widely recommended worldwide. However the AWD still has concerns such as lower tillering, shallow rooting, and an unexpected water deficit. The AWD is a possibility to not only save water consumption but also utilize various nitrogen forms from the soil. The current study tried to investigate the transcriptional expression of genes in relation to the acquisition-transportation-assimilation process of nitrogen using qRT-PCR at the tillering and heading stages and to profile tissue-specific primary metabolites. We employed two water supply systems, continuous flooding (CF) and alternative wetting and drying (AWD), during rice growth (seeding to heading). The AWD system is effective at acquiring soil nitrate; however, nitrogen assimilation was predominant in the root during the shift from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. In addition, as a result of the greater amino acids in the shoot, the AWD was likely to rearrange amino acid pools to produce proteins in accordance with phase transition. Accordingly, it is suggested that the AWD 1) actively acquired nitrate from soil and 2) resulted in an abundance of amino acid pools, which are considered a rearrangement under limited N availability. Based on the current study, further steps are necessary to evaluate form-dependent N metabolism and root development under the AWD condition and a possible practice in the rice production system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Effects of Exogenous Lauric Acid on Drought Resistance in Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)

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Plants 2023, 12(7), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071492 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a fruit tree of economic and nutritional importance, but it is very sensitive to drought stress, which affects its growth to a great extent. Lauric acid (LA) is a fatty acid produced in plants and associated with the response to abiotic stress, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, physiological analysis showed that 50 ppm LA pretreatment under drought stress could alleviate the growth of peach seedlings. LA inhibits the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and the closing of pores under drought stress, increasing the photosynthetic rate. LA also reduces the content of O₂⁻, H₂O₂, and MDA under drought stress; our results were confirmed by Evans Blue, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and DAB(3,3-diaminobenzidine) staining experiments. It may be that, by directly removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving enzyme activity, i.e., catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to peach seedlings is reduced. Peach seedlings treated with LA showed a significant increase in osmoregulatory substances compared with those subjected to drought stress, thereby regulating osmoregulatory balance and reducing damage. RNA-Seq analysis identified 1876 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in untreated and LA-pretreated plants under drought stress. In-depth analysis of these DEGs showed that, under drought stress, LA regulates the expression of genes related to plant–pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the MAPK signaling pathway, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In addition, LA may activate the Ca²⁺ signaling pathway by increasing the expressions of CNGC, CAM/CML, and CPDK family genes, thereby improving the drought resistance of peaches. In summary, via physiological and transcriptome analyses, the mechanism of action of LA in drought resistance has been revealed. Our research results provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of the LA-mediated drought resistance of peach trees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Salt Stress Inhibits Photosynthesis and Destroys Chloroplast Structure by Downregulating Chloroplast Development–Related Genes in Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings

and

Plants 2023, 12(6), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061283 - 11 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Soil salinization is an important factor limiting food security and ecological stability. As a commonly used greening tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia often suffers from salt stress that can manifest as leaf yellowing, decreased photosynthesis, disintegrated chloroplasts, growth stagnation, and even death. To elucidate how salt stress decreases photosynthesis and damages photosynthetic structures, we treated R. pseudoacacia seedlings with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) for 2 weeks and then measured their biomass, ion content, organic soluble substance content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chloroplast development-related gene expression. NaCl treatment significantly decreased biomass and photosynthetic parameters, but increased ion content, organic soluble substances, and ROS content. High NaCl concentrations (100–200 mM) also led to distorted chloroplasts, scattered and deformed grana lamellae, disintegrated thylakoid structures, irregularly swollen starch granules, and larger, more numerous lipid spheres. Compared to control (0 mM NaCl), the 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity while upregulating the expression of the ion transport-related genes Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 1(NHX 1) and salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS 1) and the chloroplast development-related genes psaA, psbA, psaB, psbD, psaC, psbC, ndhH, ndhE, rps7, and ropA. Additionally, high concentrations of NaCl (100–200 mM) decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and downregulated the expression of ion transport- and chloroplast development-related genes. These results showed that although R. pseudoacacia can tolerate low concentrations of NaCl, high concentrations (100–200 mM) can damage chloroplast structure and disturb metabolic processes by downregulating gene expression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Transcriptional Memory in Taraxacum mongolicum in Response to Long-Term Different Grazing Intensities

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Plants 2022, 11(17), 2251; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172251 - 30 Aug 2022

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Abstract

Grazing, as an important land use method in grassland, has a significant impact on the morphological and physiological traits of plants. However, little is known about how the molecular mechanism of plant responds to different grazing intensities. Here, we investigated the response of Taraxacum mongolicum to light grazing and heavy grazing intensities in comparison with a non-grazing control. Using de novo transcriptome assembly, T. mongolicum leaves were compared for the expression of the different genes under different grazing intensities in natural grassland. In total, 194,253 transcripts were de novo assembled and comprised in nine leaf tissues. Among them, 11,134 and 9058 genes were differentially expressed in light grazing and heavy grazing grassland separately, with 5867 genes that were identified as co-expression genes in two grazing treatments. The Nr, SwissProt, String, GO, KEGG, and COG analyses by BLASTx searches were performed to determine and further understand the biological functions of those differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Analysis of the expression patterns of 10 DEGs by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed the accuracy of the RNA-Seq results. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis, the most significant transcriptomic changes that were observed under grazing intensity were related to plant hormone and signal transduction pathways, carbohydrate and secondary metabolism, and photosynthesis. In addition, heavy grazing resulted in a stronger transcriptomic response compared with light grazing through increasing the of the secondary metabolism- and photosynthesis-related genes. These changes in key pathways and related genes suggest that they may synergistically respond to grazing to increase the resilience and stress tolerance of T. mongolicum. Our findings provide important clues for improving grassland use and protection and understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant response to grazing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

The ABCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE (ABI) 4 Transcription Factor Is Stabilized by Stress, ABA and Phosphorylation

Tzofia Maymon

Nadav Eisner

and

Dudy Bar-Zvi

Plants 2022, 11(16), 2179; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162179 - 22 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1062

Abstract

The Arabidopsis transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) is a key player in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and is involved in plant response to abiotic stress and development. Expression of the ABI4 gene is tightly regulated, with low basal expression. Maximal transcript levels occur during the seed maturation and early seed germination stages. Moreover, ABI4 is an unstable, lowly expressed protein. Here, we studied factors affecting the stability of the ABI4 protein using transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing 35S::HA-FLAG-ABI4-eGFP. Despite the expression of eGFP-tagged ABI4 being driven by the highly active 35S CaMV promoter, low steady-state levels of ABI4 were detected in the roots of seedlings grown under optimal conditions. These levels were markedly enhanced upon exposure of the seedlings to abiotic stress and ABA. ABI4 is degraded rapidly by the 26S proteasome, and we report on the role of phosphorylation of ABI4-serine 114 in regulating ABI4 stability. Our results indicate that ABI4 is tightly regulated both post-transcriptionally and post-translationally. Moreover, abiotic factors and plant hormones have similar effects on ABI4 transcripts and ABI4 protein levels. This double-check mechanism for controlling ABI4 reflects its central role in plant development and cellular metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

ZmLBD5 Increases Drought Sensitivity by Suppressing ROS Accumulation in Arabidopsis

and

Plants 2022, 11(10), 1382; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11101382 - 23 May 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1711

Abstract

Drought stress is known to significantly limit crop growth and productivity. Lateral organ boundary domain (LBD) transcription factors—particularly class-I members—play essential roles in plant development and biotic stress. However, little information is available on class-II LBD genes related to abiotic stress in maize. Here, we cloned a maize class-II LBD transcription factor, ZmLBD5, and identified its function in drought stress. Transient expression, transactivation, and dimerization assays demonstrated that ZmLBD5 was localized in the nucleus, without transactivation, and could form a homodimer or heterodimer. Promoter analysis demonstrated that multiple drought-stress-related and ABA response cis-acting elements are present in the promoter region of ZmLBD5. Overexpression of ZmLBD5 in Arabidopsis promotes plant growth under normal conditions, and suppresses drought tolerance under drought conditions. Furthermore, the overexpression of ZmLBD5 increased the water loss rate, stomatal number, and stomatal apertures. DAB and NBT staining demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased in ZmLBD5-overexpressed Arabidopsis. A physiological index assay also revealed that SOD and POD activities in ZmLBD5-overexpressed Arabidopsis were higher than those in wild-type Arabidopsis. These results revealed the role of ZmLBD5 in drought stress by regulating ROS levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessArticle

Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination

Jayamini Jayawardhane

M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe

Natalia V. Bykova

and

Abir U. Igamberdiev

Plants 2021, 10(11), 2456; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112456 - 14 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1544

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessReview

Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Plant bHLH Transcription Factors during the Response to Environmental Stresses

Yasmina Radani

Rongxue Li

Harriet Mateko Korboe

Hongyu Ma

and

Liming Yang

Plants 2023, 12(11), 2113; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112113 - 26 May 2023

Viewed by 248

Abstract

Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted to identify and characterize various plant transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses. Therefore, numerous efforts have been made to improve plant stress tolerance by engineering these transcription factor genes. The plant basic Helix–Loop–Helix (bHLH) transcription factor family represents one of the most prominent gene families and contains a bHLH motif that is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. By binding to specific positions in promoters, they activate or repress the transcription of specific response genes and thus affect multiple variables in plant physiology such as the response to abiotic stresses, which include drought, climatic variations, mineral deficiencies, excessive salinity, and water stress. The regulation of bHLH transcription factors is crucial to better control their activity. On the one hand, they are regulated at the transcriptional level by other upstream components; on the other hand, they undergo various modifications such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and glycosylation at the post-translational level. Modified bHLH transcription factors can form a complex regulatory network to regulate the expression of stress response genes and thus determine the activation of physiological and metabolic reactions. This review article focuses on the structural characteristics, classification, function, and regulatory mechanism of bHLH transcription factor expression at the transcriptional and post-translational levels during their responses to various abiotic stress conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Signal Transduction in Cereal Plants Struggling with Environmental Stresses: From Perception to Response

Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska

Jakub Graska

Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska

Ewa Muszyńska

Iwona Morkunas

and

Mateusz Labudda

Plants 2022, 11(8), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081009 - 07 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1826

Abstract

Cereal plants under abiotic or biotic stressors to survive unfavourable conditions and continue growth and development, rapidly and precisely identify external stimuli and activate complex molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses. To elicit a response to the stress factors, interactions between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, calcium ions, mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase, phytohormones and transcription factors occur. The integration of all these elements enables the change of gene expression, and the release of the antioxidant defence and protein repair systems. There are still numerous gaps in knowledge on these subjects in the literature caused by the multitude of signalling cascade components, simultaneous activation of multiple pathways and the intersection of their individual elements in response to both single and multiple stresses. Here, signal transduction pathways in cereal plants under drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, pathogen, and pest attack, as well as the crosstalk between the reactions during double stress responses are discussed. This article is a summary of the latest discoveries on signal transduction pathways and it integrates the available information to better outline the whole research problem for future research challenges as well as for the creative breeding of stress-tolerant cultivars of cereals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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Open AccessReview

An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics

Rajendran Jeyasri

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam

Lakkakula Satish

Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian

and

Plants 2021, 10(7), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071472 - 19 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3403

Abstract

Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth and development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel the mechanisms of AbS for enhancing the corresponding tolerance of plants, especially for crop production in agriculture. In the present communication, we summarized the significant factors (atmosphere, soil and water) of AbS, their regulations, and integrated omics in the most important cereal crops in the world, especially rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology and advanced sequencing approaches in genomics could help solve the AbS response in cereals. An emphasis was given to holistic approaches such as, bioinformatics and functional omics, gene mining and agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and transcription factors (TFs) family with respect to AbS. In addition, the development of omics studies has improved to address the identification of AbS responsive genes and it enables the interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits and their significance in cereal crops. This review compares AbS mechanisms to omics and bioinformatics resources to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms. Moreover, further studies are needed to obtain the information from the integrated omics databases to understand the AbS mechanisms for the development of large spectrum AbS-tolerant crop production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants)

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