Efficient Water Use and Nutrition Cycling in Paddy Ecosystem

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 4131

Special Issue Editors

1. College of water conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
2. National Biochar Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
Interests: paddy field; water and fertilization management; greenhouse gas emissions; nutrition cycling; carbon
College of water conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: paddy field; water saving irrigation; nitrogen cycles; fertilization management
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
Interests: greenhouse gas emissions; water-saving irrigation; carbon; paddy field; fertilization management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
1. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Rice Research Center, Beaumont, TX, USA
2. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Interests: agricultural ecosystems management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rice has played a critical role in feeding a large portion of the growing world population, but rapidly depleting freshwater resources threaten the sustainability of its production. Conventional rice cultivation requires 2 to 3 times more of water than for other cereals, accounting for 34—43% of global irrigation water. Its sustainable production requires the implementation of suitable practices and technologies that increase/stabilize the production, to mitigate the water shortage crisis and its negative impacts. In addition, the rapid increase in the application of chemical fertilizers over the past century has greatly benefited rice production. However, fertilizer over-application has led to many environmental problems, including excessive reactive nitrogen losses, greenhouse gas emissions, water eutrophication, groundwater pollution, etc. Managing the supply and utilization of nutrients to sustainably increase rice yields while minimizing impacts on other ecosystem services such as clean water and air, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration represents a significant challenge, especially under water-saving paddy ecosystems. Researchers have been making efforts to improve sustainable nutrient management strategies for decades, aiming at more efficient use of mineral fertilizers, increased recovery and recycling of waste nutrients, and better exploitation of the substantial inorganic and organic reserves of nutrients in the soil. However, to prevent the mismanagement and over-utilization of N, P, and C sources, significant changes are required in paddy ecosystem management.

This Special Issue aims to collect novel approaches to measure, model, and efficiently manage irrigated water and nutrient cycling in paddy ecosystems, and the new insights regarding nutrition loss processes and their regulating and controlling mechanisms in paddy ecosystems. This will support the development of sustainable and profitable farming systems that safeguard our future food security with minimal water consumption and environmental impacts in response to the current scenario of climate change and variability, and will contribute to the solution of the conflicts and trade-offs between the high productivity and environmental impact.

Dr. Taotao Chen
Dr. Daocai Chi
Dr. Shihong Yang
Dr. Lloyd T. (Ted) Wilson
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rice water-saving irrigation
  • optimized fertilization
  • water and fertilizer utilization efficiency
  • nutrition cycling and its mechanism
  • agricultural non-point-source pollution
  • greenhouse gas emissions

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 4161 KiB  
Article
Effect of Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Loss: A Meta-Analysis
by Haonan Qiu, Shihong Yang, Zewei Jiang, Yi Xu and Xiyun Jiao
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131690 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3076
Abstract
Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application are two important factors affecting yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields; however, the interaction effects of different irrigation schedules and combined management of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields remain unknown. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application are two important factors affecting yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields; however, the interaction effects of different irrigation schedules and combined management of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields remain unknown. Therefore, we collected 327 sets of data on rice yield and 437 sets of data on nitrogen loss in rice fields from 2000 to 2021 and investigated the effects of different water-saving irrigation schedules, nitrogen application levels, and water–nitrogen couplings on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss (N2O emissions, nitrogen runoff, nitrogen leaching, and ammonia volatilization) by meta-analysis using conventional flooding irrigation and no nitrogen treatment as controls. The results showed that alternate wet and dry irrigation and controlled irrigation had increasing effects on rice yield. Alternate wet and dry irrigation had a significant yield-increasing effect (average 2.57% increase) and dry cultivation significantly reduced rice yield with an average 21.25% yield reduction. Water-saving irrigation reduces nitrogen runoff and leaching losses from rice fields but increases N2O emissions, and alternate wet and dry irrigation has a significant effect on increasing N2O emissions, with an average increase of 67.77%. Most water-saving irrigation can increase nitrogen use efficiency. Among water-saving irrigation methods, the effect of controlled irrigation on increasing nitrogen use efficiency is 1.06%. Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency both showed a trend of increasing then decreasing with nitrogen fertilizer application, and nitrogen loss gradually increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer input. Water–nitrogen coupling management can significantly reduce nitrogen loss in rice fields while saving water and increasing yield. Based on the analysis of the data in this study, when the irrigation amount was 300~350 mm and the nitrogen application amount was 200~250 kg/ha, the rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were at a high level, which corresponded to the irrigation schedule of controlled irrigation or alternating wet and dry irrigation in the literature. However, different rice-growing areas are affected by rainfall and land capability, etc. Further optimization and correction of the adapted water and fertilizer management system for paddy fields are needed. The optimal water–nitrogen pattern of this study can achieve high rice yield and reduce nitrogen loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Water Use and Nutrition Cycling in Paddy Ecosystem)
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