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Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants
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Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 15825

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyun Uk Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: plant lipid metabolism; fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolic engineering in plants; plastid–lipid-associated proteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Manu Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 13557, Korea
Interests: plant stress physiology; plant developmental biology; plant genome-wide transcriptomics; plant-based therapeutics; biosurfactants in sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical industries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mahipal Singh Kesawat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
2. Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Interests: structural and functional genomics; developmental biology; molecular breeding; abiotic stress signaling; hormone signaling; gene editing; RNA biology and epigenetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant lipids are a component of cell membranes, with a role in providing protection from the external environment, and acting as an energy source. They also play a role in cell signaling. After the first report on the fatty acid desaturase genes in the model plant Arabidopsis by Dr. John Browse of Washington State University, many researchers discovered the function of genes involved in lipid synthesis and regulation using Arabidopsis mutants. After the genome sequencing of Arabidopsis was completed, Dr. John Ohlrogge of Michigan State University created the “Arabidopsis Acyl-Lipid Metabolism” database (http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/pathways/pathways) that organized lipid genes. However, many studies on the function of lipid genes have not yet been completed in Arabidopsis. Plant lipids not only supply essential fatty acids to humans, but are also used for industrial purposes. Biotechnology to produce health and industrial lipids from plants is needed. This Special Issue deals with the study of the function of lipid genes in model plants and crops and the study of biotechnology related to lipid metabolism.

Prof. Dr. Hyun Uk Kim
Dr. Manu Kumar
Dr. Mahipal Singh Kesawat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fatty acid biosynthesis
  • fatty acid desaturase
  • acyltransferase
  • triacylglycerol biosynthesis
  • Arabidopsis lipid genes
  • crop lipid genes
  • function of lipid genes
  • genome-wide identification of lipid genes in plants
  • lipid biotechnology for fatty acid and triacylglycerol content
  • lipid gene editing in plants

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2544 KiB  
Article
Ectopic Expression of Perilla frutescens WRI1 Enhanced Storage Oil Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves
by Semi Kim, Kyeong-Ryeol Lee and Mi Chung Suh
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051081 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Vegetable oils are indispensable in human and animal diets and have been widely used for the production of detergents, lubricants, cosmetics, and biofuels. The seeds of an allotetraploid Perilla frutescens contain approximately 35 to 40% oils with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids [...] Read more.
Vegetable oils are indispensable in human and animal diets and have been widely used for the production of detergents, lubricants, cosmetics, and biofuels. The seeds of an allotetraploid Perilla frutescens contain approximately 35 to 40% oils with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). WRINKELD1 (WRI1) encoding an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor is known to upregulate the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly. In this study, two WRI1 isoforms, PfWRI1A, and PfWRI1B were isolated from Perilla and predominantly expressed in developing Perilla seeds. The fluorescent signals from PfWRI1A:eYFP and PfWRI1B:eYFP driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were detected in the nucleus of the Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis. Ectopic expression of each of PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B increased the levels of TAG by approximately 2.9- and 2.7-fold in N. benthamiana leaves and particularly, the enhanced levels (mol%) of C18:2, and C18:3 in the TAGs were prominent with the concomitant reduction in the amounts of saturated fatty acids. The expression levels of NbPl-PKβ1, NbKAS1, and NbFATA, which were known to be target genes of WRI1, significantly increased in tobacco leaves overexpressing PfWRI1A or PfWRI1B. Therefore, newly characterized PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B can be potentially useful for the enhanced accumulation of storage oils with increased PUFAs in oilseed crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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12 pages, 3132 KiB  
Article
Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum
by Xinqiao Zhan, Yichun Qian and Bizeng Mao
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061204 - 13 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited [...] Read more.
Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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14 pages, 1494 KiB  
Article
Genetic Engineering of Lesquerella with Increased Ricinoleic Acid Content in Seed Oil
by Grace Q. Chen, Kumiko Johnson, Tara J. Nazarenus, Grisel Ponciano, Eva Morales and Edgar B. Cahoon
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061093 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2511
Abstract
Seeds of castor (Ricinus communis) are enriched in oil with high levels of the industrially valuable fatty acid ricinoleic acid (18:1OH), but production of this plant is limited because of the cooccurrence of the ricin toxin in its seeds. Lesquerella ( [...] Read more.
Seeds of castor (Ricinus communis) are enriched in oil with high levels of the industrially valuable fatty acid ricinoleic acid (18:1OH), but production of this plant is limited because of the cooccurrence of the ricin toxin in its seeds. Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) is being developed as an alternative industrial oilseed because its seeds accumulate lesquerolic acid (20:1OH), an elongated form of 18:1OH in seed oil which lacks toxins. Synthesis of 20:1OH is through elongation of 18:1OH by a lesquerella elongase, PfKCS18. Oleic acid (18:1) is the substrate for 18:1OH synthesis, but it is also used by fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and FAD3 to sequentially produce linoleic and linolenic acids. To develop lesquerella that produces 18:1OH-rich seed oils such as castor, RNA interference sequences targeting KCS18, FAD2 and FAD3 were introduced to lesquerella to suppress the elongation and desaturation steps. Seeds from transgenic lines had increased 18:1OH to 1.1–26.6% compared with that of 0.4–0.6% in wild-type (WT) seeds. Multiple lines had reduced 18:1OH levels in the T2 generation, including a top line with 18:1OH reduced from 26.7% to 19%. Transgenic lines also accumulated more 18:1 than that of WT, indicating that 18:1 is not efficiently used for 18:1OH synthesis and accumulation. Factors limiting 18:1OH accumulation and new targets for further increasing 18:1OH production are discussed. Our results provide insights into complex mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in lesquerella and show the biotechnological potential to tailor lesquerella seeds to produce castor-like industrial oil functionality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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Review

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12 pages, 489 KiB  
Review
Advances in Understanding the Genetic Basis of Fatty Acids Biosynthesis in Perilla: An Update
by Seon-Hwa Bae, Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon, Thamilarasan Senthil Kumar, Jae-Hyeon Oh, Jundae Lee, Tae-Ho Kim and Ki Young Park
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091207 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
Perilla, also termed as purple mint, Chinese basil, or Perilla mint, is a flavoring herb widely used in East Asia. Both crude oil and essential oil are employed for consumption as well as industrial purposes. Fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis and oil body [...] Read more.
Perilla, also termed as purple mint, Chinese basil, or Perilla mint, is a flavoring herb widely used in East Asia. Both crude oil and essential oil are employed for consumption as well as industrial purposes. Fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis and oil body assemblies in Perilla have been extensively investigated over the last three decades. Recent advances have been made in order to reveal the enzymes involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis in Perilla. Among those fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid retained the attention of scientists mainly due to its medicinal and nutraceutical properties. Lipids synthesis in Perilla exhibited similarities with Arabidopsis thaliana lipids’ pathway. The homologous coding genes for polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturases, transcription factors, and major acyl-related enzymes have been found in Perilla via de novo transcriptome profiling, genome-wide association study, and in silico whole-genome screening. The identified genes covered de novo fatty acid synthesis, acyl-CoA dependent Kennedy pathway, acyl-CoA independent pathway, Triacylglycerols (TAGs) assembly, and acyl editing of phosphatidylcholine. In addition to the enzymes, transcription factors including WRINKLED, FUSCA3, LEAFY COTYLEDON1, and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 have been suggested. Meanwhile, the epigenome aspect impacting the transcriptional regulation of FAs is still unclear and might require more attention from the scientific community. This review mainly outlines the identification of the key gene master players involved in Perilla FAs biosynthesis and TAGs assembly that have been identified in recent years. With the recent advances in genomics resources regarding this orphan crop, we provided an updated overview of the recent contributions into the comprehension of the genetic background of fatty acid biosynthesis. The provided resources can be useful for further usage in oil-bioengineering and the design of alpha-linolenic acid-boosted Perilla genotypes in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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32 pages, 1796 KiB  
Review
Molecular Biology, Composition and Physiological Functions of Cuticle Lipids in Fleshy Fruits
by Heriberto García-Coronado, Julio César Tafolla-Arellano, Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate, Alexel Jesús Burgara-Estrella, Jesús Martín Robles-Parra and Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091133 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2877
Abstract
Fleshy fruits represent a valuable resource of economic and nutritional relevance for humanity. The plant cuticle is the external lipid layer covering the nonwoody aerial organs of land plants, and it is the first contact between fruits and the environment. It has been [...] Read more.
Fleshy fruits represent a valuable resource of economic and nutritional relevance for humanity. The plant cuticle is the external lipid layer covering the nonwoody aerial organs of land plants, and it is the first contact between fruits and the environment. It has been hypothesized that the cuticle plays a role in the development, ripening, quality, resistance to pathogen attack and postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits. The cuticle’s structure and composition change in response to the fruit’s developmental stage, fruit physiology and different postharvest treatments. This review summarizes current information on the physiology and molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and composition changes during the development, ripening and postharvest stages of fleshy fruits. A discussion and analysis of studies regarding the relationship between cuticle composition, water loss reduction and maintaining fleshy fruits’ postharvest quality are presented. An overview of the molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and efforts to elucidate it in fleshy fruits is included. Enhancing our knowledge about cuticle biosynthesis mechanisms and identifying specific transcripts, proteins and lipids related to quality traits in fleshy fruits could contribute to the design of biotechnological strategies to improve the quality and postharvest shelf life of these important fruit crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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23 pages, 2323 KiB  
Review
Mining of Potential Gene Resources for Breeding Nutritionally Improved Maize
by Quancan Hou, Tianye Zhang, Kangtai Sun, Tingwei Yan, Linlin Wang, Lu Lu, Wei Zhao, Yuchen Qi, Yan Long, Xun Wei and Xiangyuan Wan
Plants 2022, 11(5), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050627 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2909
Abstract
Maize is one of the leading food crops and its kernel is rich in starch, lipids, protein and other energy substances. In addition, maize kernels also contain many trace elements that are potentially beneficial to human health, such as vitamins, minerals and other [...] Read more.
Maize is one of the leading food crops and its kernel is rich in starch, lipids, protein and other energy substances. In addition, maize kernels also contain many trace elements that are potentially beneficial to human health, such as vitamins, minerals and other secondary metabolites. However, gene resources that could be applied for nutrient improvement are limited in maize. In this review, we summarized 107 genes that are associated with nutrient content from different plant species and identified 246 orthologs from the maize genome. In addition, we constructed physical maps and performed a detailed expression pattern analysis for the 246 maize potential gene resources. Combining expression profiles and their potential roles in maize nutrient improvement, genetic engineering by editing or ectopic expression of these genes in maize are expected to improve resistant starch, oil, essential amino acids, vitamins, iron, zinc and anthocyanin levels of maize grains. Thus, this review provides valuable gene resources for maize nutrient improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Genes and Biotechnology in Plants)
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