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Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development
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Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Development and Morphogenesis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 6822

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Candela Cuesta Moliner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
2. University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Interests: plant physiology; biotechnology; forestry; branching; plant development
Dr. Isabel Feito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Grado, Spain
Interests: plant physiology; forestry; plant development; abiotic and biotic stress; branching; plant growth regulators; tannins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant hormones are essential elements for adequate growth and development, as well as environmental adjustments for plant resilience. However, it is becoming essential to understand not only their individual role but also their interconnections, the so-called hormone crosstalk. Current research moves toward a general view of developmental processes, in which certain hormone biosyntheses, metabolisms, signaling, and responses are always under each other’s influence. Therefore, exploring the underlying hormonal networks of growth and development could assist in designing and redefining physiological markers, which can contribute to the food and agriculture industries by moving from model to crop and forestry species. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight how hormone crosstalk is essential for proper regulation through time and space of plant development, including the required adjustment to environmental fluctuations.

Dr. Candela Cuesta Moliner
Dr. Isabel Feito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant development
  • hormone interactions
  • physiological markers
  • hormone signaling crosstalk

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5767 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Panax ginseng Indicates Its Possible Roles in Root Development
by Min Yan, Yan Yan, Ping Wang, Yingping Wang, Xiangmin Piao, Peng Di and Deok-Chun Yang
Plants 2023, 12(23), 3943; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12233943 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 854
Abstract
Auxin-responsive factors (ARFs) are an important class of transcription factors and are an important component of auxin signaling. This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the ARF gene family in ginseng and presented its findings. Fifty-three ARF genes specific to ginseng (PgARF [...] Read more.
Auxin-responsive factors (ARFs) are an important class of transcription factors and are an important component of auxin signaling. This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the ARF gene family in ginseng and presented its findings. Fifty-three ARF genes specific to ginseng (PgARF) were discovered after studying the ginseng genome. The coding sequence (CDS) has a length of 1092–4098 base pairs and codes for a protein sequence of 363–1565 amino acids. Among them, PgARF32 has the least number of exons (2), and PgARF16 has the most exons (18). These genes were then distributed into six subgroups based on the results obtained from phylogenetic analysis. In each subgroup, the majority of the PgARF genes displayed comparable intron/exon structures. PgARF genes are unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes. Most PgARFs have B3 DNA binding, Auxin_resp, and PB1 domains. The PgARF promoter region contains various functional domains such as plant hormones, light signals, and developmental functions. Segmental duplications contribute to the expansion of the ARF gene family in ginseng, and the genes have undergone purifying selection during evolution. Transcriptomic results showed that some PgARFs had different expression patterns in different parts of ginseng; most PgARFs were affected by exogenous hormones, and a few PgARFs responded to environmental stress. It is suggested that PgARF is involved in the development of ginseng by regulating hormone-mediated genes. PgARF14, PgARF42, and PgARF53 are all situated in the nucleus, and both PgARR14 and PgARF53 noticeably enhance the growth length of roots in Arabidopsis. Our findings offer a theoretical and practical foundation for exploring PgARFs’ role in the growth of ginseng roots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development)
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14 pages, 1684 KiB  
Article
Influence of Exogenous 24-Epicasterone on the Hormonal Status of Soybean Plants
by Michael Derevyanchuk, Serhii Kretynin, Yaroslava Bukhonska, Igor Pokotylo, Vladimir Khripach, Eric Ruelland, Roberta Filepova, Petre I. Dobrev, Jan Martinec and Volodymyr Kravets
Plants 2023, 12(20), 3586; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203586 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 758
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones involved in the regulation of major processes of cell metabolism that guide plant growth. In the past decades, new evidence has made it clear that BRs also play a key role in the orchestration of plant responses to [...] Read more.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones involved in the regulation of major processes of cell metabolism that guide plant growth. In the past decades, new evidence has made it clear that BRs also play a key role in the orchestration of plant responses to many abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present work, we analyzed the impact of foliar treatment with 24-epicastasterone (ECS) on the endogenous content of major phytohormones (auxins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid) and their intermediates in soybean leaves 7 days following the treatment. Changes in the endogenous content of phytohormones have been identified and quantified by LC/MS. The obtained results point to a clear role of ECS in the upregulation of auxin content (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and downregulation of salicylic, jasmonic, and abscisic acid levels. These data confirm that under optimal conditions, ECS in tested concentrations of 0.25 µM and 1 µM might promote growth in soybeans by inducing auxin contents. Benzoic acid (a precursor of salicylic acid (SA)), but not SA itself, has also been highly accumulated under ECS treatment, which indicates an activation of the adaptation strategies of cell metabolism to possible environmental challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development)
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16 pages, 5575 KiB  
Article
Ring Stripping, Ring Cutting, and Growth Regulators Promote Phase Change and Early Flowering in Pear Seedlings
by Xiaojie Zhang, Yueju Wu, Xiaoming Wang, Wenfang Wang, Mingxia Huang, Zitan Ma and Jianying Peng
Plants 2023, 12(16), 2933; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162933 - 14 Aug 2023
Viewed by 762
Abstract
Hybrid breeding is the most important means of selecting pear (Pyrus) varieties, but a long juvenile period severely restricts the selection of new varieties. In this study, we used ‘Yuluxiang’ × ‘Akituki’ 4-year-old seedling trees to study the effects of plant [...] Read more.
Hybrid breeding is the most important means of selecting pear (Pyrus) varieties, but a long juvenile period severely restricts the selection of new varieties. In this study, we used ‘Yuluxiang’ × ‘Akituki’ 4-year-old seedling trees to study the effects of plant growth regulators, ring stripping, and ring cutting on the promotion of phase change and flowering to assist in shortening the breeding cycle. A single application of 100 mg/kg 6-BA + 1000 mg/kg PP333 was most effective in promoting phase change and flowering. This treatment effectively inhibited the growth and thickening of annual shoots, significantly increased soluble sugar and protein contents in buds, increased the ABA content by 45.41%, decreased the IAA content by 7.35%, increased the expression of the flower-promoting genes FT and LFY by 2273.41% and 1153.71%, respectively, and decreased the expression of the flower-suppressing gene TFL1 by 74.92%. The flowering plant rate increased by 23.34% compared to the control. Both ring stripping and ring cutting were effective in promoting phase change and flowering, significantly increasing the flowering rate, inflorescence number, and the number of flowering plants. For improving the flowering rate, the ring-stripping treatment had the strongest effect and effectively inhibited the growth and thickening of annual shoots, while also significantly increasing the soluble sugar and protein contents in buds, reducing the contents of IAA and GA3 by 8.73% and 50.12%, respectively, increasing the expression of FT and LFY by 80.01% and 821.14%, respectively, and reducing the expression of the flower-suppressing gene TFL1 by 59.22%. In conclusion, ring stripping, ring cutting, and spraying of 100 mg/kg 6-BA + 1000 mg/kg PP333 were effective in promoting phase change and early flowering in seedling trees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development)
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Review

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19 pages, 2044 KiB  
Review
The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development
by Faujiah Nurhasanah Ritonga, Dandan Zhou, Yihui Zhang, Runxian Song, Cheng Li, Jingjuan Li and Jianwei Gao
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061243 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3806
Abstract
Plant growth and development are correlated with many aspects, including phytohormones, which have specific functions. However, the mechanism underlying the process has not been well elucidated. Gibberellins (GAs) play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, including cell elongation, [...] Read more.
Plant growth and development are correlated with many aspects, including phytohormones, which have specific functions. However, the mechanism underlying the process has not been well elucidated. Gibberellins (GAs) play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, including cell elongation, leaf expansion, leaf senescence, seed germination, and leafy head formation. The central genes involved in GA biosynthesis include GA20 oxidase genes (GA20oxs), GA3oxs, and GA2oxs, which correlate with bioactive GAs. The GA content and GA biosynthesis genes are affected by light, carbon availability, stresses, phytohormone crosstalk, and transcription factors (TFs) as well. However, GA is the main hormone associated with BR, ABA, SA, JA, cytokinin, and auxin, regulating a wide range of growth and developmental processes. DELLA proteins act as plant growth suppressors by inhibiting the elongation and proliferation of cells. GAs induce DELLA repressor protein degradation during the GA biosynthesis process to control several critical developmental processes by interacting with F-box, PIFS, ROS, SCLl3, and other proteins. Bioactive GA levels are inversely related to DELLA proteins, and a lack of DELLA function consequently activates GA responses. In this review, we summarized the diverse roles of GAs in plant development stages, with a focus on GA biosynthesis and signal transduction, to develop new insight and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Interactions in the Regulation of Plant Development)
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