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Plants
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Legumes and Stressful Conditions
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Legumes and Stressful Conditions

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 6518

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
Interests: plant physiology; abiotic and biotic stressors: plant stimulants; plant-microbe interactions; phytoremediation; allelopathy; plant hormones; osmolytes; secondary metabolites; antioxidants; oxidative stress; molecular biology; nanotechnology and plant science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Narendra Singh Yadav

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
Interests: plant stress biology; genetic and epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress response; transposable elements regulation; transgenerational stress memory; multi-generational stress effects; extremophytes; Salicornia; Arabidopsis; novel stress-responsive genes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Legumes (such as broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, lupins, beans, dry peas, grass peas, common vetches, pigeon peas, soybeans, cowpeas, mung beans, urd beans, peanuts, carobs, tamarind, clovers, mesquites and alfalfa) belong to the Fabaceae/Leguminosae family. Legumes are second only to cereals in their importance for providing food to humans worldwide. Legumes are an important source of protein, oil, fibre and micronutrients and play a key role in cropping cycles due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Legumes must be able to be cultivated under more stressful conditions, including abiotic stress (heavy metals, temperature extremes, drought, salinity, water logging, wind, high light intensity, UV radiation, and mineral deficiencies) and biotic stress (diseases and pests).

This Special Issue invites the submission of contributions reporting legumes’ responses to different abiotic and biotic stressors. Original research articles and reviews on these aspects are welcomed. The research topics may include:

  • The responses of legumes to abiotic stress and/or biotic stress;
  • The role of various stimulators/elicitors in legumes’ tolerance to abiotic stress and/or biotic stress;
  • The role of biotechnological tools in developing the abiotic stress and/or biotic stress tolerance of legumes;
  • The role of nanotechnology in resolving the adverse impacts of abiotic and/or biotic stress on legumes.

Prof. Dr. Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
Dr. Narendra Singh Yadav
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • legumes
  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • stimulants
  • elicitors
  • signaling molecules
  • biotechnological tools
  • nanotechnology
  • plant adaptation
  • stress tolerance
  • genetic modifications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2934 KiB  
Article
The Potential Genetic Effect for Yield and Foliar Disease Resistance in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Assessed via Morphological and SCoT Markers
by Alaa A. Soliman, Manar I. Mousa, Abeer M. Mosalam, Zeinab E. Ghareeb, Shafik D. Ibrahim, Medhat Rehan, Haitian Yu and Yuhua He
Plants 2023, 12(20), 3645; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203645 - 22 Oct 2023
Viewed by 940
Abstract
Faba bean is considered one of the most prominent grain legumes, with high protein content for human food consumption and livestock feed. The present study evaluated the nature of gene action and determined the genetic diversity among different populations of three crosses for [...] Read more.
Faba bean is considered one of the most prominent grain legumes, with high protein content for human food consumption and livestock feed. The present study evaluated the nature of gene action and determined the genetic diversity among different populations of three crosses for resistance to foliar diseases at the molecular level. Analysis of variance exposed significant differences among the generations for all measured traits. Both dominance and additive gene effects were essential, but dominance genes, for the most part, exhibited greater effects than additive ones. This indicates an essential role for dominant genes alongside the additives one in inheriting such traits. The third cross (Marina × Giza 40) gave desired significant and positive (additive × additive) values for the number of pods/plant, seeds/plant, and seed yield/plant, in addition to desirable negative values for chocolate spot and rust characteristics. Furthermore, assessing the lines under study using seven SCoT primers disclosed three bands with recorded molecular weights of 260, 207, and 178 bp, generated by SCoT-1, SCoT-4, and SCoT-7 primers, respectively. These bands exist in the resistant parent (Marina), which could be attributed to the high-disease-resistance phenotypes, and they are absent in the sensitive parent (Giza 40) and other putative sensitive lines. Based on the molecular profiles and the genetic similarity between parents and the selected lines, the highest similarity value (0.91) was detected between Marina genotype and BC1, revealing a high foliar disease resistance. Meanwhile, Giza 40 (susceptible to foliar diseases) exhibited the maximum value (0.93) with F2. Additionally, cluster analysis based on genetic relationships was performed, and a high level of correlation between the results of PCR-based SCoT analysis and the foliar disease reactions was observed in the field. Consequently, this study concluded that SCoT markers created reliable banding profiles for evaluating genetic polymorphism among faba bean lines, which could be a foundation for developing an efficient breeding program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legumes and Stressful Conditions)
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29 pages, 11547 KiB  
Article
Effect of Eco-Friendly Application of Bee Honey Solution on Yield, Physio-Chemical, Antioxidants, and Enzyme Gene Expressions in Excessive Nitrogen-Stressed Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants
by Hussein E. E. Belal, Mostafa A. M. Abdelpary, El-Sayed M. Desoky, Esmat F. Ali, Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry, Mostafa M. Rady, Wael M. Semida, Amr E. M. Mahmoud and Ali A. S. Sayed
Plants 2023, 12(19), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193435 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1038
Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) pollutes the environment and causes greenhouse gas emissions; however, the application of eco-friendly plant biostimulators (BSs) can overcome these issues. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the role of diluted bee honey solution (DHS) in attenuating the adverse [...] Read more.
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) pollutes the environment and causes greenhouse gas emissions; however, the application of eco-friendly plant biostimulators (BSs) can overcome these issues. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the role of diluted bee honey solution (DHS) in attenuating the adverse impacts of N toxicity on Phaseolus vulgaris growth, yield quality, physio-chemical properties, and defense systems. For this purpose, the soil was fertilized with 100, 125, and 150% of the recommended N dose (RND), and the plants were sprayed with 1.5% DHS. Trials were arranged in a two-factor split-plot design (N levels occupied main plots × DH– occupied subplots). Excess N (150% RND) caused a significant decline in plant growth, yield quality, photosynthesis, and antioxidants, while significantly increasing oxidants and oxidative damage [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•−), nitrate, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. However, DHS significantly improved antioxidant activities (glutathione and nitrate reductases, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) and osmoregulatory levels (soluble protein, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars). Enzyme gene expressions showed the same trend as enzyme activities. Additionally, H2O2, O2•−, EL, MDA, and nitrate levels were significantly declined, reflecting enhanced growth, yield, fruit quality, and photosynthetic efficiency. The results demonstrate that DHS can be used as an eco-friendly approach to overcome the harmful impacts of N toxicity on P. vulgaris plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legumes and Stressful Conditions)
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14 pages, 3722 KiB  
Article
Using the Aqueous Phase Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Brown Seaweed to Improve the Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris
by Damiano Spagnuolo, Viviana Bressi, Maria Teresa Chiofalo, Marina Morabito, Claudia Espro, Giuseppa Genovese, Daniela Iannazzo and Patrizia Trifilò
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2745; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142745 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1027
Abstract
Seaweeds are considered a biomass for third-generation biofuel, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a valuable process for efficiently disposing of the excess of macroalgae biomass for conversion into multiple value-added products. However, the HTC process produces a liquid phase to be disposed of. [...] Read more.
Seaweeds are considered a biomass for third-generation biofuel, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a valuable process for efficiently disposing of the excess of macroalgae biomass for conversion into multiple value-added products. However, the HTC process produces a liquid phase to be disposed of. The present study aims to investigate the effects of seed-priming treatment with three HTC-discarded liquid phases (namely AHL180, AHL240, and AHL300), obtained from different experimental procedures, on seed germination and plant growth and productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. To disentangle the osmotic effects from the use of AHL, isotonic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 have also been tested. Seed germination was not affected by AHL seed-priming treatment. In contrast, PEG-treated samples showed significantly lower seed germination success. AHL-treated samples showed changes in plant biomass: higher shoot biomass was recorded especially in AHL180 samples. Conversely, AHL240 and AHL300 samples showed higher root biomass. The higher plant biomass values recorded in AHL-treated samples were the consequence of higher values of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, which, in turn, were related to higher stomatal density. Recorded data strongly support the hypothesis of the AHL solution reuse in agriculture in the framework of resource management and circular green economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legumes and Stressful Conditions)
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27 pages, 10289 KiB  
Article
Melatonin Enhances the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Mung Bean under Drought and High-Temperature Stress Conditions
by Anitha Kuppusamy, Senthil Alagarswamy, Kalarani M. Karuppusami, Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu, Senthil Natesan, Kuttimani Ramalingam, Umapathi Muniyappan, Marimuthu Subramanian and Selvaraju Kanagarajan
Plants 2023, 12(13), 2535; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132535 - 03 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1723
Abstract
Mung bean, a legume, is sensitive to abiotic stresses at different growth stages, and its yield potential is affected by drought and high-temperature stress at the sensitive stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that plays a vital role in plant stress defense mechanisms. [...] Read more.
Mung bean, a legume, is sensitive to abiotic stresses at different growth stages, and its yield potential is affected by drought and high-temperature stress at the sensitive stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that plays a vital role in plant stress defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of melatonin under individual and combined drought and high-temperature stress in mung bean. An experiment was laid out with five treatments, including an exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin as a seed treatment, foliar spray, and a combination of both seed treatment and foliar spray, as well as absolute control (ambient condition) and control (stress without melatonin treatment). Stresses were imposed during the mung bean’s reproductive stage (31–40 DAS) for ten days. Results revealed that drought and high-temperature stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index, Fv/Fm ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Foliar application of melatonin at 100 µM concentration enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and the concentration of metabolites involved in osmoregulation and ion homeostasis; thereby, it improves physiological and yield-related traits in mung bean under individual and combined stress at the reproductive stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legumes and Stressful Conditions)
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Review

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12 pages, 1123 KiB  
Review
Realistic Physiological Options to Increase Grain Legume Yield under Drought
by Thomas R. Sinclair and Michel E. Ghanem
Plants 2023, 12(17), 3137; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173137 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 961
Abstract
Increasing yield resiliency under water deficits remains a high priority for crop improvement. In considering the yield benefit of a plant trait modification, two facts are often overlooked: (1) the total amount of water available to a crop through a growing season ultimately [...] Read more.
Increasing yield resiliency under water deficits remains a high priority for crop improvement. In considering the yield benefit of a plant trait modification, two facts are often overlooked: (1) the total amount of water available to a crop through a growing season ultimately constrains growth and yield cannot exceed what is possible with the limited amount of available water, and (2) soil water content always changes over time, so plant response needs to be considered within a temporally dynamic context of day-to-day variation in soil water status. Many previous evaluations of drought traits have implicitly considered water deficit from a “static” perspective, but while the static approach of stable water deficit treatments is experimentally congruous, the results are not realistic representations of real-world drought conditions, where soil water levels are always changing. No trait always results in a positive response under all drought scenarios. In this paper, we suggest two key traits for improving grain legume yield under water deficit conditions: (1) partial stomata closure at elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit that results in soil water conservation, and (2) lessening of the high sensitivity of nitrogen fixation activity to soil drying. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legumes and Stressful Conditions)
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