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Photonics
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Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers
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Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 11620

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francesco Prudenzano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information, Entries Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: fiber optics; long period grating (LPG) fiber devices; rare-earth doped fiber laser; microwave photonics; microwave devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last several decades, a great deal of research activities in the field of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers—in both integrated optics and optical fiber technologies—have been accomplished. These devices are enabling a disruptive revolution where the photons are used to detect, store, process, and transmit information. They are the key elements of the current and future communication systems based on guided and free propagation optical links. Moreover, the advances in lasers and optical amplifiers have promoted innovative and exciting applications in the fields of material processing, industrial applications, imaging, medicine, sensing, etc. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect interdisciplinary contributions on this research area. Technical topics include but are not limited to the following: 

  • Optical materials and rare earth doping; 
  • Fiber laser technology;
  • Modeling of rare-earth-doped lasers and amplifiers;  
  • Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) sources;
  • Novel pumping schemes of rare-earth-doped lasers and amplifiers;  
  • Medium infrared lasing in rare-earth-doped optical fibers; 
  • Short and ultrashort pulse fiber lasers;  
  • Rare-earth-doped microresonators; 
  • Application of rare-earth-doped lasers and amplifiers to material processing, industrial applications, imaging, medical diagnosis/ therapy, sensing, and so on.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Prudenzano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4012 KiB  
Article
Demonstration of Yb-Doped Fiber Amplifier Operating near 980 nm with the Slope Efficiency Close to the Theoretical Limit
by Zhaode Li, Shangde Zhou, Aimin Liu, Jianqiu Cao, Zhihe Huang and Jinbao Chen
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080571 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
In this paper, the scalability of slope efficiency of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier operating near 980 nm is studied with the core-pumping scheme. By means of numerical prediction, it is found that the theoretical limit of slope efficiency should be about 92.2%. Then, [...] Read more.
In this paper, the scalability of slope efficiency of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier operating near 980 nm is studied with the core-pumping scheme. By means of numerical prediction, it is found that the theoretical limit of slope efficiency should be about 92.2%. Then, the experiment study is carried out. An 85.3% slope efficiency of emission around 980 nm is achieved with the seed light around 976.5 nm, and the strong in-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is supposed to be a factor limiting the upscaling of slope efficiency. In order to suppress the in-band ASE, the double-wavelength fiber oscillator near 980 nm is fabricated and used as the seed source, with which the slope efficiency is elevated to 90.7%. Such slope efficiency is very close to the theoretical limit and sets a new record of slope efficiency for the Yb-doped fiber amplifier operating near 980 nm, to the best of our knowledge. It is also revealed that the suppression of in-band ASE should be of great importance to elevate the slope efficiency of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier operating near 980 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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10 pages, 1887 KiB  
Communication
Photo-Writable Sulfide Glasses Used to Fabricate Core-Clad Fiber Doped with Pr3+ for Mid-IR Luminescence
by Julie Carcreff, Virginie Nazabal, Johann Troles, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Pascal Masselin, Florent Starecki, Alain Braud, Patrice Camy and David Le Coq
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080549 - 05 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1315
Abstract
With the ultimate goal of developing rare-earth doped chalcogenide fiber fabrication for sensing, amplification, and laser applications, a core/clad germanium-gallium sulfide fiber doped with Pr3+ has been fabricated. The compositions of the core and the clad were selected to ensure the positive [...] Read more.
With the ultimate goal of developing rare-earth doped chalcogenide fiber fabrication for sensing, amplification, and laser applications, a core/clad germanium-gallium sulfide fiber doped with Pr3+ has been fabricated. The compositions of the core and the clad were selected to ensure the positive ∆n by adding CdI2 and CsCl, respectively, in the GeS2-Ga2S3 matrix. The choice of these compositions was also justified from experimental parameters, including characteristic temperatures and viscosity. Moreover, the permanent photo writability of the sulfide glass family by a femtosecond laser is investigated from the perspective of Bragg grating photo-inscription. Structural investigations by Raman spectroscopy are presented and the effect of the Pr3+ rare-earth ion on the structure is underlined. Finally, the emission of the step-index fiber, made by the rod-in-tube technique between 3.1 µm and 5.5 µm (by pumping at 1.55 µm), is demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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9 pages, 3503 KiB  
Article
650 W All-Fiber Single-Frequency Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Amplifier Based on Hybrid Wavelength Pumping and Tapered Yb-Doped Fibers
by Wanpeng Jiang, Changsheng Yang, Qilai Zhao, Quan Gu, Jiamin Huang, Kui Jiang, Kaijun Zhou, Zhouming Feng, Zhongmin Yang and Shanhui Xu
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080518 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
Based on hybrid wavelength pumping and tapered Yb-doped fibers (T-YDFs), a 650 W all-fiber single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier was demonstrated experimentally at 1030 nm. Different pump power ratios in the T-YDF-based power-amplifier stage were proposed to investigate their influence on the transverse mode [...] Read more.
Based on hybrid wavelength pumping and tapered Yb-doped fibers (T-YDFs), a 650 W all-fiber single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier was demonstrated experimentally at 1030 nm. Different pump power ratios in the T-YDF-based power-amplifier stage were proposed to investigate their influence on the transverse mode instability (TMI) effect. The highest TMI threshold was obtained when the pump power ratio of 940 nm to 976 nm was 1:4.4. A measured M2 factor of 1.7 and a polarization extinction ratio of 14 dB at the maximum output power were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, these results exhibit the highest output power of any all-fiber single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber amplifiers created up to now. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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14 pages, 2986 KiB  
Article
Luminescence and Gamma Spectroscopy of Phosphate Glass Doped with Nd3+/Yb3+ and Their Multifunctional Applications
by Bilel Charfi, Kamel Damak, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Khalid I. Hussein, Ali M. Alshehri, Nehal Elkhoshkhany, Abdullah L. Assiri, Khaled F. Alshehri, Manuela Reben and El Sayed Yousef
Photonics 2022, 9(6), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060406 - 08 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
A new glass with a composition of 40P2O5-30ZnO-20LiCl-10BaF2 (in mol%), doped with 3.5Nd2O3-3.5Yb2O3, was fabricated by the quenching melt technique. The luminescence (PL) and gamma spectroscopy of the glass were [...] Read more.
A new glass with a composition of 40P2O5-30ZnO-20LiCl-10BaF2 (in mol%), doped with 3.5Nd2O3-3.5Yb2O3, was fabricated by the quenching melt technique. The luminescence (PL) and gamma spectroscopy of the glass were investigated systematically. The spectroscopic parameters of the prepared glass, such as the optical energy gap, Judd–Ofelt parameters Ωk (where k = 2, 4 and 6), lifetimes and branching ratio of the Nd3+/Yb3+ level, were evaluated. Moreover, the shielding parameters, such as the linear and mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path and half-value layer, were evaluated. The prepared glass had a spectroscopic quality factor (Ω4/Ω6) of 0.84, which is about three-times larger than that of the most standard laser host, Nd3+:YAG. The energy of the 2P1/2 (Nd3+) level (~23,250 cm−1) was twice the energy of the Yb3+ transition (~10,290 cm−1). The value of the emission cross section (σem(λ)) of Nd3+:4F3/2→4I9/2 and Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 were 2.23 × 10−24 cm2 and 2.88 × 10−24 cm2, respectively. The fabricated glass had a high emission cross section and low mean free path parameters, which makes the fabricated glass a potential candidate for multifunctional applications, such as laser emissions for medical purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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9 pages, 2469 KiB  
Article
A 102 W High-Power Linearly-Polarized All-Fiber Single-Frequency Laser at 1560 nm
by Jiamin Huang, Qilai Zhao, Junjie Zheng, Chengzi Huang, Quan Gu, Wanpeng Jiang, Kaijun Zhou, Changsheng Yang, Zhouming Feng, Qinyuan Zhang, Zhongmin Yang and Shanhui Xu
Photonics 2022, 9(6), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060396 - 04 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
A 1560 nm high-power linearly-polarized all-fiber single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser with near diffraction-limited beam quality is demonstrated. The Yb–Er energy transfer efficiency and the ability of the signal laser to capture pump light have been improved by specifically choosing the pumping wavelength and the [...] Read more.
A 1560 nm high-power linearly-polarized all-fiber single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser with near diffraction-limited beam quality is demonstrated. The Yb–Er energy transfer efficiency and the ability of the signal laser to capture pump light have been improved by specifically choosing the pumping wavelength and the input signal power in the final power amplifier stage of this laser system. Under the off-peak absorption pumping wavelength of 940 nm, along with the maximum input signal power of 6 W, a maximum output power of 102 W with a slope efficiency of 40.5% is acquired. At the highest output power status, a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of 15.5 dB, a linewidth of 3.05 kHz, and a beam quality of Mx2 = 1.14, My2 = 1.06 are obtained, respectively. This advanced single-frequency fiber laser has great potential for the long-range coherent Doppler lidar and the next generation of gravitational wave detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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16 pages, 6279 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Model of Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber
by Tianran Sun, Xinyang Su, Yunhong Zhang, Huaiwei Zhang, Yabo Sun and Yi Zheng
Photonics 2022, 9(6), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060370 - 25 May 2022
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
In this paper, an improved mathematical model is proposed by taking the factors of high-energy photons and temperature into consideration, which is verified and explained by the experimental data in our experiments and other papers. By fitting and analyzing the experimental data, we [...] Read more.
In this paper, an improved mathematical model is proposed by taking the factors of high-energy photons and temperature into consideration, which is verified and explained by the experimental data in our experiments and other papers. By fitting and analyzing the experimental data, we can quantitatively determine the relationship between the pump power Pλ and the photon frequency ν in the fiber core, the core area A and the temperature T of the fiber core and PD loss, and explain the mechanism of the PD phenomenon to a certain extent. We believe that the excitation of color centers by high-energy photons is the main reason for photodarkening. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the power of high-energy photons and the photodarkening rate, and the temperature is positively correlated with the saturated photodarkening absorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers)
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