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Photochem
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Advanced Topics in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photo Diagnosis (PD)
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Advanced Topics in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photo Diagnosis (PD)

A special issue of Photochem (ISSN 2673-7256).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6014

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Juliana Ferreira-Strixino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Photobiology Applied to Health (Photobios), University of Vale of Paraiba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos 12244-000, SP, Brazil
Interests: photodynamic therapy; antimicrobial resistance; photochemistry; photophysics; photosensitizers; mechanisms of cell death; parasitology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In 1900, the German medical student Oscar Raab, a student of the renowned pharmacologist Hermann von Tappeiner, observed for the first time the effect of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) on protozoa of the genus Paramecium. In the presence of the acridine dye, Raab found that the protozoa were killed after exposure to light. However, they remained viable in the dark, concluding that death occurred through the dye's interaction with light and in the presence of molecular oxygen. PDT is a therapeutic modality that consists of the combined action of a photosensitizer (PS), the light at a suitable wavelength for the absorption of this compound, and molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species that induce cell death.

PDT has received considerable interest as a promising treatment modality for various cancers and certain pre-malignant diseases. However, there is growing interest in its use in providing treatment protocols for parasitic diseases. In addition, the widespread use of antimicrobials to control infections caused by bacteria and fungi has led to the development of strains resistant to available therapeutic agents, posing a significant threat to global public health. Therefore, antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been studied as a promising therapeutic alternative to combat strains resistant to conventional antibiotics.

Photo diagnosis (PD) is a non-invasive technique and enables real-time diagnosis. Diagnostic imaging, microscopy, and spectroscopy can enable quantitative and qualitative analyses. These are alternative techniques that can be used for diagnoses, but they can also be used in the investigation of alterations in the metabolic activity of the cell. They have been used in oncology, microbiology, parasitology, and aesthetics, among others, in a unique way or as an adjunct in the diagnosis and development of studies that evaluate cellular mechanisms.

The search for new therapies for the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, and photonics therapies can be an excellent alternative and contribute significantly to the advancement of health.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Antiviral and antifungal photodynamic therapy;
  • Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment;
  • Treatment and control of parasitic diseases;
  • Photobiology photochemistry;
  • Photosensitizing agents;
  • Photo diagnosis and tumor imaging;
  • Photosensitizers;
  • Photomedicine;
  • Photochemistry.

Prof. Dr. Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photochem is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antiviral and antifungal photodynamic therapy
  • antimicrobial photodynamic treatment
  • treatment and control of parasitic diseases
  • photobiology
  • photochemistry
  • photosensitizing agents
  • photo diagnosis and tumor imaging
  • photosensitizers
  • photomedicine
  • photochemistry

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2612 KiB  
Article
Photodynamic Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Sn(IV) N-Confused Meso-tetra(methylthiophenyl)porphyrin
by Somila Dingiswayo, Balaji Babu, Kristen Burgess, John Mack and Tebello Nyokong
Photochem 2023, 3(3), 313-326; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3030019 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1188
Abstract
A Sn(IV) meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl) N-confused porphyrin (4-Sn) complex was prepared to facilitate a comparison of the photophysicochemical and singlet oxygen photosensitiser properties of a series of Sn(IV) complexes of meso-4-methylthiolphenyl-substituted porphyrin, corrole, chlorin, and N-confused porphyrin. 4-Sn has an unusually [...] Read more.
A Sn(IV) meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl) N-confused porphyrin (4-Sn) complex was prepared to facilitate a comparison of the photophysicochemical and singlet oxygen photosensitiser properties of a series of Sn(IV) complexes of meso-4-methylthiolphenyl-substituted porphyrin, corrole, chlorin, and N-confused porphyrin. 4-Sn has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum (ΦΔ) yield of 0.88, markedly higher than the ΦΔ values of the other complexes in this series. A Thorlabs M660L4 LED (280 mW · cm−2) was used to study the photodynamic activity of Sn-4 against the MCF-7 cancer cell line through irradiation at 660 nm for 30 min. The IC50 value was calculated to be 1.4 (± 0.8) µM, markedly lower than the previously reported values for the rest of the series. Photodynamic antimicrobial activity was also determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and 4-Sn was found to deactivate both Gram-(+) and Gram-(−) bacteria despite the absence of cationic charges on the ligand structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Topics in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photo Diagnosis (PD))
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18 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
Photodynamic Activity of Acridine Orange in Keratinocytes under Blue Light Irradiation
by Bárbara Fornaciari, Marina S. Juvenal, Waleska K. Martins, Helena C. Junqueira and Maurício S. Baptista
Photochem 2023, 3(2), 209-226; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3020014 - 23 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2094
Abstract
Acridine orange (AO) is a metachromatic fluorescent dye that stains various cellular compartments, specifically accumulating in acidic vacuoles (AVOs). AO is frequently used for cell and tissue staining (in vivo and in vitro), mainly because it marks different cellular compartments with different colors. [...] Read more.
Acridine orange (AO) is a metachromatic fluorescent dye that stains various cellular compartments, specifically accumulating in acidic vacuoles (AVOs). AO is frequently used for cell and tissue staining (in vivo and in vitro), mainly because it marks different cellular compartments with different colors. However, AO also forms triplet excited states and its role as a photosensitizer is not yet completely understood. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were incubated for either 10 or 60 min with various concentrations (nanomolar range) of AO that were significantly lower than those typically used in staining protocols (micromolar). After incubation, the cells were irradiated with a 490 nm LED. As expected, cell viability (measured by MTT, NRU and crystal violet staining) decreased with the increase in AO concentration. Interestingly, at the same AO concentration, altering the incubation time with HaCaT substantially decreased the 50% lethal dose (LD50) from 300 to 150 nM. The photoinduced cell death correlated primarily with lysosomal disfunction, and the correlation was stronger for the 60 min AO incubation results. Furthermore, the longer incubation time favored monomers of AO and a distribution of the dye to intracellular sites other than lysosomes. Studies with mimetic systems indicated that monomers, which have higher yields of fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation, are favored in acidic environments, consistent with the more intense emission from cells submitted to the longer AO incubation period. Our results indicate that AO is an efficient PDT photosensitizer, with a photodynamic efficiency that is enhanced in acidic environments when multiple intracellular locations are targeted. Consequently, when using AO as a probe for live cell tracking and tissue staining, care must be taken to avoid excessive exposure to light to avoid undesirable photosensitized oxidation reactions in the tissue or cell under investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Topics in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photo Diagnosis (PD))
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16 pages, 7254 KiB  
Article
Action of Photodynamic Therapy at Low Fluence in 9 L/lacZ Cells after Interaction with Chlorins
by Gabrielle dos Santos Vitorio, Bruno Henrique Godoi, Juliana Guerra Pinto, Isabelle Ferreira, Cristina Pacheco Soares and Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
Photochem 2023, 3(1), 82-97; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3010006 - 02 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1647
Abstract
Gliosarcoma (GS) is a primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, treated with an unfavorable prognosis with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The treatment for GS consists of surgical resection, almost always accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, given the invasive behavior of the [...] Read more.
Gliosarcoma (GS) is a primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, treated with an unfavorable prognosis with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The treatment for GS consists of surgical resection, almost always accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, given the invasive behavior of the tumor. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is studied as an alternative method that combines light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen. This study aimed to compare the effects of PDT using the photosensitizers Fotoenticine (FTC) and Photodithazine (PDZ) at low concentrations and fluences. For this study, 9 L/lacZ cells, concentrations of 1.55 µg mL−1, 12.5 µg mL−1, and 50 µg mL−1 of chlorins and fluences of 1, 5, and 10 J/cm2 were used. A test was also carried out with Trypan Blue in L929 cells at the mentioned concentrations at 5 J/cm2. Both chlorins were internalized in the cytoplasm, with a significant reduction in viability (>95%) in almost all groups and altered cell adhesion and morphology after PDT. HSP70 expression decreased in both PS, while HSP27 increased only in PDT with FTC, and although there was a change in cell adhesion in the 9 L/LacZ lineage it was not observed in the L929 fibroblast lineage. Both chlorins were effective, highlighting the concentration of 50 µg mL−1 at the fluence of 5 J/cm2; according to the present study, the PDZ showed better results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Topics in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photo Diagnosis (PD))
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