Pharmacy Reviews in 2022

A special issue of Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 25678

Special Issue Editors

College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Interests: Information processing and decision making related to the provision, use, and evaluation of drug products and pharmacist services
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Osher Life Long Learning Institute, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA
Interests: health policy; health outcomes; pharmacoepidemiology; pharmacoeconomics; global health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue, entitled “Pharmacy Reviews in 2022”. This Special Issue will be a collection of high-quality reviews from Editorial Board members, Guest Editors, and leading researchers invited by the Editorial Office as well as the Special Issue Editors. Submissions on all aspects of "Pharmacy Education and Practice" are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jon Schommer
Prof. Dr. Jack Fincham
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmacy is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Review

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47 pages, 707 KiB  
Review
Uncovering the Hidden Burden of Pharmaceutical Poisoning in High-Income and Low-Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
by Claire Cowans, Anya Love, Balamurugan Tangiisuran and Sabrina Anne Jacob
Pharmacy 2023, 11(6), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11060184 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Pharmaceutical poisoning is a significant global public health concern, causing approximately 190,000 deaths annually. This scoping review aims to comprehensively map the available literature on pharmaceutical poisoning and compare patterns between high-income countries (HICs) and low-middle-income countries (LMICs). A systematic search was performed [...] Read more.
Pharmaceutical poisoning is a significant global public health concern, causing approximately 190,000 deaths annually. This scoping review aims to comprehensively map the available literature on pharmaceutical poisoning and compare patterns between high-income countries (HICs) and low-middle-income countries (LMICs). A systematic search was performed across the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL. Studies included were from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020, in English, with full text available. Seventy-nine articles were included in the study; 21 were from LMICs and 58 were from HICs. Toxic exposure was largely intentional (77%) in LMICs and accidental (68%) in HICs. Drugs acting on the nervous system were responsible for 95% of toxicities worldwide with analgesics accounting for the largest subtherapeutic group in both LMICs (40%) and HICs (58%). Notable statistics were that HICs accounted for 99% of opioid overdoses, and LMICs accounted for 19% of anti-epileptic-induced toxicities. Overall, the medical outcomes due to poisonings were generally worse in LMICs. The review provides possible interventions to target specific geographic locations, based on the trends identified, to reduce the burden worldwide. Many gaps within the literature were recognised, calling for more robust analytical research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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12 pages, 689 KiB  
Review
Application of Precision Medicine Concepts in Ambulatory Antibiotic Management of Acute Pyelonephritis
by Morgan Pizzuti, Yuwei Vivian Tsai, Hana R. Winders, Paul Brandon Bookstaver and Majdi N. Al-Hasan
Pharmacy 2023, 11(6), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11060169 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1827
Abstract
Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a relatively common community-acquired infection, particularly in women. The early appropriate antibiotic treatment of this potentially life-threatening infection is associated with improved outcomes. The international management guidelines for complicated urinary tract infections and APN recommend using oral antibiotics with [...] Read more.
Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a relatively common community-acquired infection, particularly in women. The early appropriate antibiotic treatment of this potentially life-threatening infection is associated with improved outcomes. The international management guidelines for complicated urinary tract infections and APN recommend using oral antibiotics with <10% resistance among urinary pathogens. However, increasing antibiotic resistance rates among Escherichia coli and other Enterobacterales to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and beta-lactams has left patients without reliable oral antibiotic treatment options for APN. This narrative review proposes using precision medicine concepts to improve empirical antibiotic therapy for APN in ambulatory settings. Whereas resistance rates to a particular antibiotic class may exceed 10% at the population-based level, the predicted antibiotic resistance rates based on patient-specific risk factors fall under 10% in many patients with APN on the individual level. The utilization of clinical tools for the prediction of fluoroquinolones, TMP-SMX, and third-generation cephalosporin resistance improves the ambulatory antibiotic management of APN. It may also reduce the need to switch antibiotic therapy later based on the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing results of bacterial isolates in urinary cultures. This approach may mitigate the burden of increasing antibiotic resistance in the community by ensuring that the initial antibiotic prescribed has the highest likelihood of treating APN appropriately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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13 pages, 1023 KiB  
Review
Medication Reviews and Clinical Outcomes in Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review
by Rishabh Sharma, Neil Mahajan, Sarah Abu Fadaleh, Hawa Patel, Jessica Ivo, Sadaf Faisal, Feng Chang, Linda Lee and Tejal Patel
Pharmacy 2023, 11(5), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11050168 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1595
Abstract
Persons diagnosed with dementia are often faced with challenges related to polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use and could benefit from regular medication reviews. However, the benefit of such reviews has not been examined in this population. Therefore, the current scoping review was designed [...] Read more.
Persons diagnosed with dementia are often faced with challenges related to polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use and could benefit from regular medication reviews. However, the benefit of such reviews has not been examined in this population. Therefore, the current scoping review was designed to identify the gaps in the current knowledge regarding the impact of medication reviews on the clinical outcomes in older adults with dementia. Relevant studies were identified by searching three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and Scopus) from inception to January 2022 with a combination of keywords and medical subject headings. After the removal of duplicates and ineligible articles, 22 publications of the initial 8346 were included in this review. A total of 57 outcomes were identified, including those pertaining to the evaluation of medication use (n = 17), drug-related interventions (n = 11), drug-related problems (n = 10), dementia-related behavioral symptoms (n = 8), cost-effectiveness (n = 2), drug-related hospital admissions (n = 1), as well as outcomes classified as other (n = 7). Gaps identified through this scoping review included the paucity of studies measuring the impact of medication reviews on the medication management capacity and medication adherence, quality of life, and mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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15 pages, 663 KiB  
Review
Adult Patients with Difficulty Swallowing Oral Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Literature
by Anne Harnett, Stephen Byrne, Jennifer O’Connor, Declan Lyons and Laura J. Sahm
Pharmacy 2023, 11(5), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11050167 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1788
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise the available evidence regarding solid oral dosage forms (SODFs), e.g., tablets, and challenges regarding the oral administration of medicine to inpatients in a variety of healthcare settings such as (1) hospitals, [...] Read more.
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise the available evidence regarding solid oral dosage forms (SODFs), e.g., tablets, and challenges regarding the oral administration of medicine to inpatients in a variety of healthcare settings such as (1) hospitals, (2) nursing homes and (3) long-term stay units (LTSUs). A literature search was undertaken in September 2021 and repeated in June 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and ProQuest. A Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet was devised to collate the following data from each eligible study: study author and year, country, number of participants, title, duration (follow-up period), study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, method and data collection, relevant outcomes, and key findings. A total of 3023 records were identified, with 12 articles being included in the final systematic review. Seven of the twelve studies reported on the prevalence of difficulties swallowing SODFs, which varied from 10–34.2%. Nine of the twelve studies reported the methods used to manipulate SODFs, with the most reported method being tablet crushing. Given the prevalence of swallowing difficulties and the subsequent crushing of medicines in response to this, it is evident that concerns should be raised regarding the potential for a medication administration error to occur. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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8 pages, 215 KiB  
Review
Considering the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) to Assess Intercultural Competence at U.S. Pharmacy Schools
by Diana Tamer, Yifei Liu and Jennifer Santee
Pharmacy 2023, 11(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010039 - 19 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1659
Abstract
Background: U.S. pharmacy schools need to engage in improving intercultural competence among administrators, faculty, staff, and students. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) can be a possible tool to determine the level of intercultural competence. U.S. pharmacy schools need to examine the validity of [...] Read more.
Background: U.S. pharmacy schools need to engage in improving intercultural competence among administrators, faculty, staff, and students. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) can be a possible tool to determine the level of intercultural competence. U.S. pharmacy schools need to examine the validity of the IDI within the context of health professional education prior to using this tool. Objectives: To describe the relationship between the IDI and its underlying theory, identify whether the validity of the IDI has been established within two specific contexts, and discuss the practical issues and implications of using the IDI. Methods: Medline, Embase, and selected health professional education journal websites were searched to identify fully published studies utilizing the IDI within health professional education. Eligibility of articles was determined with a standardized approach. Results: Ten studies were identified by full-text reviews, but none investigated the validity of the IDI. Conclusions: The IDI has been shown to be valid in certain contexts, but its validity has yet to be confirmed within health professional education. U.S. pharmacy schools need to examine practical issues and implications when deciding if the resources required to administer, analyze, and report IDI results are reasonable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
16 pages, 911 KiB  
Review
Revisiting the Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils on the Oral Microbiome
by Casandra-Maria Radu, Carmen Corina Radu, Sergiu-Alin Bochiș, Emil Marian Arbănași, Alexandra Ioana Lucan, Viorela Romina Murvai and Dana Carmen Zaha
Pharmacy 2023, 11(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010033 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3444
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatments. Essential oils (EOs) are phytopharmaceuticals, or plant-derived compounds, that possess beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, bacteriostatic, [...] Read more.
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatments. Essential oils (EOs) are phytopharmaceuticals, or plant-derived compounds, that possess beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal effects. In this review, we present scientific findings on the activity of EOs as an alternative therapy for common oral diseases. This narrative review provides a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of EOs and their application in dentistry. It not only evaluates the effectiveness of these oils as antibacterial agents against common oral bacteria but also covers general information such as composition, methods of extraction, and potential toxicity. Further nonclinical and clinical studies must be conducted to determine their potential use and safety for treating oral diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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25 pages, 352 KiB  
Review
Pharmacy Workplace Wellbeing and Resilience: Themes Identified from a Hermeneutic Phenomenological Analysis with Future Recommendations
by Jon C. Schommer, Caroline A. Gaither, Nancy A. Alvarez, SuHak Lee, April M. Shaughnessy, Vibhuti Arya, Lourdes G. Planas, Olajide Fadare and Matthew J. Witry
Pharmacy 2022, 10(6), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10060158 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplace wellbeing and resilience using respondents’ written comments along with a blend of the researchers’ understanding of the phenomenon and the published literature. Our goal was to apply this understanding to recommendations [...] Read more.
This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplace wellbeing and resilience using respondents’ written comments along with a blend of the researchers’ understanding of the phenomenon and the published literature. Our goal was to apply this understanding to recommendations for the pharmacy workforce and corresponding future research. Data were obtained from the 2021 APhA/NASPA National State-Based Pharmacy Workplace Survey, launched in the United States in April 2021. Promotion of the online survey to pharmacy personnel was accomplished through social media, email, and online periodicals. Responses continued to be received through the end of 2021. A data file containing 6973 responses was downloaded on 7 January 2022 for analysis. Usable responses were from those who wrote an in-depth comment detailing stories and experiences related to pharmacy workplace and resilience. There were 614 respondents who wrote such comments. The findings revealed that business models driven by mechanized assembly line processes, business metrics that supersede patient outcomes, and reduction of pharmacy personnel’s professional judgement have contributed to the decline in the experience of providing patient care in today’s health systems. The portrait of respondents’ lived experiences regarding pharmacy workplace wellbeing and resilience was beyond the individual level and revealed the need for systems change. We propose several areas for expanded inquiry in this domain: (1) shared trauma, (2) professional responsibility and autonomy, (3) learned subjection, (4) moral injury and moral distress, (5) sociocultural effects, and (6) health systems change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
12 pages, 284 KiB  
Review
Advances in Pharmacy Practice: A Look towards the Future
by Jeffrey Atkinson
Pharmacy 2022, 10(5), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10050125 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3307
Abstract
This review looks at the factors that may influence practice in the future. Transformation could occur at 3 levels. Firstly, the traditional profession of the pharmacist as a dispenser of medicines is expanding. Secondly, the pharmacist’s activities are progressing into new healthcare fields. [...] Read more.
This review looks at the factors that may influence practice in the future. Transformation could occur at 3 levels. Firstly, the traditional profession of the pharmacist as a dispenser of medicines is expanding. Secondly, the pharmacist’s activities are progressing into new healthcare fields. Thirdly, other changes are stimulated by global developments. This review may be helpful for pharmacy and healthcare leaders looking at the future configuration and aims of their pharmacy services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
13 pages, 491 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Methocinnamox as a Future Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Narrative Review
by Colleen G. Jordan, Amy L. Kennalley, Alivia L. Roberts, Kaitlyn M. Nemes, Tenzing Dolma and Brian J. Piper
Pharmacy 2022, 10(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030048 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3802
Abstract
The opioid epidemic is an ongoing public health crisis, and the United States health system is overwhelmed with increasing numbers of opioid-related overdoses. Methocinnamox (MCAM) is a novel mu opioid receptor antagonist with an extended duration of action. MCAM has potential to reduce [...] Read more.
The opioid epidemic is an ongoing public health crisis, and the United States health system is overwhelmed with increasing numbers of opioid-related overdoses. Methocinnamox (MCAM) is a novel mu opioid receptor antagonist with an extended duration of action. MCAM has potential to reduce the burden of the opioid epidemic by being used as an overdose rescue treatment and a long-term treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The currently available treatments for OUD include naloxone, naltrexone, and methadone. These treatments have certain limitations, which include short duration of action, patient non-compliance, and diversion. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases covering the history of the opioid epidemic, pain receptors, current OUD treatments and the novel drug MCAM. MCAM could potentially be used as both a rescue and long-term treatment for opioid misuse. This is due to its pseudo-irreversible antagonism of the mu opioid receptor, abnormally long duration of action of nearly two weeks, and the possibility of using kappa or delta opioid receptor agonists for pain management during OUD treatment. MCAM’s novel pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties open a new avenue for treating opioid misuse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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16 pages, 1104 KiB  
Systematic Review
Guidance on the Conduct of Clinical Research within OECD Countries during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
by Renu Bhutkar, Jack C. Collins, Claire L. O’Reilly and Sarira El-Den
Pharmacy 2023, 11(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010015 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rapidly published guidance regarding the conduct of clinical research. A systematic review was conducted to explore the recommendations issued in relation to the commencement, continuation [...] Read more.
Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rapidly published guidance regarding the conduct of clinical research. A systematic review was conducted to explore the recommendations issued in relation to the commencement, continuation and termination of clinical research during the early phases of the pandemic. Methods: Searches consisting of the terms “COVID-19”, “clinical research”, and “guidance”, were conducted in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Trip, Guidelines International Network, and Google in April–May 2021 (up to 4 May 2021). Data were extracted from guidance published from OECD member countries and mapped to inductively-developed categories. Results: 9419 references were systematically screened, resulting in the inclusion of 46 publications from 27 OECD countries. Thirty-three sources made recommendations regarding monitoring, risk-benefit assessments and information technology. There was limited specific recommendations made in relation to personal protective equipment (PPE) in the included guidance. Findings demonstrate that guidance differed by publication date demonstrating the rapidly evolving environment within which research was conducted. Importantly, many organisations opted to endorse existing guidance published by the United States’ Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency rather than develop their own recommendations. Conclusions: Given the rapidly evolving nature of the pandemic, particularly in the early stages, findings demonstrate the global response in relation to clinical research conduct, thereby providing important insights for future public health emergencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacy Reviews in 2022)
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