Editorial

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4 pages, 176 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations—An Overview

by Marek Konop

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(6), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061291 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1717

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex biological process [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

Research

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11 pages, 2690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Facile Solvent-Free Preparation of Antioxidant Idebenone-Loaded Nanoparticles for Efficient Wound Healing

by HeeSeon Yang, Sohyeon Yu, Jisu Kim, KumJu Baek, Young-Ran Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Won Il Choi and Daekyung Sung

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(3), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030521 - 26 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2008

Abstract

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes harmful effects, including biomolecular damage and inflammation. ROS due to ultraviolet rays, blue light, and fine dust harm the skin, causing urban-related aging. Therefore, a strong antioxidant that relieves oxidative stress in the skin [...] Read more.

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes harmful effects, including biomolecular damage and inflammation. ROS due to ultraviolet rays, blue light, and fine dust harm the skin, causing urban-related aging. Therefore, a strong antioxidant that relieves oxidative stress in the skin and removes ROS is required. Idebenone (IB) is a powerful antioxidant but is poorly soluble and thus has low solubility in water, resulting in low bioavailability. In this study, IB-loaded nanoparticles (IB@NPs) were synthesized by loading IB without an organic solvent into nanoparticles that can provide high loading efficiency and stability for solubilization. Indeed, the synthesized IB@NPs exhibited long-term stability through dynamic light scattering, methylene blue staining, and redispersion assays, and IB@NPs prepared with a 5 wt% IB loading content were found to be optimal. The antioxidant activity of IB@NPs evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was significantly higher than that of unloaded IB. In addition, IB@NPs showed excellent biocompatibility, inhibited oxidative damage to mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and reduced intracellular ROS generation according to an in vitro DPPH antioxidant assay. Most notably, IB@NPs significantly promoted wound healing in vitro, as demonstrated by scratch assays. Therefore, as carriers with excellent stability, IB@NPs have potential cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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19 pages, 2088 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lipoaspirate Shows In Vitro Potential for Wound Healing

by Chiara Ceresa, Alessia Borrone, Letizia Fracchia, Maurizio Rinaldi, Alice Marchetti, Carlo Tremolada and Michela Bosetti

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(2), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020447 - 19 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2188

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy in wound healing, although extensive time and manipulation are necessary for their use. In our previous study on cartilage regeneration, we demonstrated that lipoaspirate acts as a natural scaffold for MSCs and gives rise to [...] Read more.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy in wound healing, although extensive time and manipulation are necessary for their use. In our previous study on cartilage regeneration, we demonstrated that lipoaspirate acts as a natural scaffold for MSCs and gives rise to their spontaneous outgrowth, together with a paracrine effect on resident cells that overcome the limitations connected to MSC use. In this study, we aimed to investigate in vitro whether the microfragmented adipose tissue (lipoaspirate), obtained with Lipogems^® technology, could promote and accelerate wound healing. We showed the ability of resident cells to outgrow from the clusters of lipoaspirate encapsulated in a 3D collagen substrate as capability of repopulating a culture of human skin. Moreover, we demonstrated that the in vitro lipoaspirate paracrine effect on fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation, migration, and contraction rate is mediated by the release of trophic/reparative proteins. Finally, an analysis of the paracrine antibacterial effect of lipoaspirate proved its ability to secrete antibacterial factors and its ability to modulate their secretion in culture media based on a bacterial stimulus. The results suggest that lipoaspirate may be a promising approach in wound healing showing in vitro regenerative and antibacterial activities that could improve current therapeutic strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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18 pages, 2904 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gelatin-Alginate Coacervates Optimized by DOE to Improve Delivery of bFGF for Wound Healing

by ByungWook Kim, Eunmi Ban and Aeri Kim

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(12), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122112 - 07 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2460

Abstract

Metabolic disorders in diabetic patients are associated with altered protein and lipid metabolism and defects in granulation tissue formation, resulting in non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Growth factors have essential roles in tissue re-epithelization and angiogenesis during wound healing. In [...] Read more.

Metabolic disorders in diabetic patients are associated with altered protein and lipid metabolism and defects in granulation tissue formation, resulting in non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Growth factors have essential roles in tissue re-epithelization and angiogenesis during wound healing. In this study, a complex coacervate was evaluated as an enhanced delivery system for fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to control its release rate and protect it from proteases. Coacervates composed of gelatin Type A (GA) and sodium alginate (SA) were optimized by the Design of Experiments (DOE), with the polymer ratio and the medium’s pH as the independent variables, and turbidity, particle size, polydispersity index, and encapsulation efficiency (EE, %) as the responses. The optimized coacervate protected bFGF from trypsin digestion and showed controlled release compared with bFGF in solution or a physical mixture of GA and SA. It enhanced the viability, migration, and procollagen I C-terminal propeptide synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts in hyperglycemic conditions. In summary, the DOE approach was successfully applied to optimize bFGF GA-SA coacervates as a potential novel therapeutic modality to treat DFU. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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19 pages, 3428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Anhydrous Sodium Chloride Skin Preservation Model for Studies on Keratinocytes Grafting into the Wounds

by Anna Domaszewska-Szostek, Magdalena Gewartowska, Marek Stanczyk, Beata Narowska, Maria Moscicka-Wesołowska and Waldemar Lech Olszewski

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(12), 2078; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122078 - 04 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1622

Abstract

Background. Human skin is needed for covering large body areas lost by trauma. The shortcomings of contemporary methods of skin storage are limited preservation time and high immunogenicity if allogeneic. Methods. We investigated whether long-lasting skin preservation in anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) may [...] Read more.

Background. Human skin is needed for covering large body areas lost by trauma. The shortcomings of contemporary methods of skin storage are limited preservation time and high immunogenicity if allogeneic. Methods. We investigated whether long-lasting skin preservation in anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) may be the source of keratinocytes (KCs) for transplantation. Dehydrated skin fragments were preserved for a time frame from 1 week to 12 months. Then, skin fragments were rehydrated, and KCs were isolated. The viability of KCs was assessed in viability/cytotoxicity test. NaCl-preserved KCs were cultured for 7 days and transplanted to the dorsum of SCID mice. Results. The morphology of NaCl-preserved KCs was unaltered. KCs from all epidermal layers could be identified. All grafts were accepted by the recipients. Transplanted KCs: synthesized keratins 10 and 16 expressed antigens specific for stem cells and transient-amplifying cells, and remained HLA-I-positive. Moreover, they expressed the proliferative marker PCNA. Cells isolated from transplants remained viable and produced enzymes. Conclusions. Transplantation of KCs obtained from human skin and stored in anhydrous NaCl may be considered for the closure of extensive skin wounds. The originality of this method consists of an effective storage procedure and easy preparation of keratinocytes for transplantation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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24 pages, 4183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methacryloyl-GlcNAc Derivatives Copolymerized with Dimethacrylamide as a Novel Antibacterial and Biocompatible Coating

by Max Borgolte, Oliver Riester, Tereza Kacerova, Simone Rentschler, Magnus S. Schmidt, Susanne Jacksch, Markus Egert, Stefan Laufer, René Csuk and Hans-Peter Deigner

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(10), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101647 - 09 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1852

Abstract

Improving medical implants with functional polymer coatings is an effective way to further improve the level of medical care. Antibacterial and biofilm-preventing properties are particularly desirable in the area of wound healing, since there is a generally high risk of infection, often with [...] Read more.

Improving medical implants with functional polymer coatings is an effective way to further improve the level of medical care. Antibacterial and biofilm-preventing properties are particularly desirable in the area of wound healing, since there is a generally high risk of infection, often with a chronic course in the case of biofilm formation. To prevent this we here report a polymeric design of polymer-bound N-acetyl-glucosamine-oligoethylene glycol residues that mimic a cationic, antibacterial, and biocompatible chitosan surface. The combination of easy to use, crosslinkable, thin, potentially 3D-printable polymethacrylate layering with antibacterial and biocompatible functional components will be particularly advantageous in the medical field to support a wide range of implants as well as wound dressings. Different polymers containing a N-acetylglucosamine-methacryloyl residue with oligoethylene glycol linkers and a methacryloyl benzophenone crosslinker were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The functional monomers and corresponding polymers were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The polymers showed no cytotoxic or antiadhesive effects on fibroblasts as demonstrated by extract and direct contact cell culture methods. Biofilm formation was reduced by up to 70% and antibacterial growth by 1.2 log, particularly for the 5% GlcNAc-4EG polymer, as observed for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive model pathogens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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19 pages, 3151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ceftriaxone and Melittin Synergistically Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

by Nabil A. Alhakamy, Giuseppe Caruso, Basma G. Eid, Usama A. Fahmy, Osama A. A. Ahmed, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim, Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi, Shareefa A. Alghamdi, Hadeel Al Sadoun, Basmah M. Eldakhakhny, Filippo Caraci and Wesam H. Abdulaal

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(10), 1622; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101622 - 06 Oct 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3071

Abstract

High glucose levels in diabetic patients are implicated in delay wound healing that could lead to more serious clinical complications. The aim of the present work was to examine the formulation of ceftriaxone (CTX) and melittin (MEL) as nanoconjugate (nanocomplex)-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) [...] Read more.

High glucose levels in diabetic patients are implicated in delay wound healing that could lead to more serious clinical complications. The aim of the present work was to examine the formulation of ceftriaxone (CTX) and melittin (MEL) as nanoconjugate (nanocomplex)-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (1.5% w/v)-based hydrogel for healing of acute wounds in diabetic rats. The CTX–MEL nanoconjugate, formulated by ion-pairing at different molar ratio, was characterized for size and zeta potential and investigated by transmission electron microscopy. CTX–MEL nanoconjugate was prepared, and its preclinical efficacy evaluated in an in vivo model of acute wound. In particular, the potential ability of the innovative CTX–MEL formulation to modulate wound closure, oxidative status, inflammatory markers, and hydroxyproline was evaluated by ELISA, while the histopathological examination was obtained by using hematoxylin and eosin or Masson’s trichrome staining techniques. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the excised tissue to measure collagen, type I, alpha 1 (Col1A1) expression and immunohistochemical assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were also carried out to shed some light on the mechanism of wound healing. Our results show that the CTX–MEL nanocomplex has enhanced ability to regenerate epithelium, also giving better keratinization, epidermal proliferation, and granulation tissue formation, compared to MEL, CTX, or positive control. The nanocomplex also significantly ameliorated the antioxidant status by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The treatment of wounded skin with the CTX–MEL nanocomplex also showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pro-inflammatory cytokines combined with a substantial increase in hydroxyproline, VEFG-A, and TGF-β1 protein expression compared to individual components or negative control group. Additionally, the CTX–MEL nanocomplex showed a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Col1A1 as compared to individual compounds. In conclusion, the ion-pairing nanocomplex of CTX–MEL represents a promising carrier that can be topically applied to improve wound healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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17 pages, 7372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acute Skin Wounds Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biopolymer Compositions Alone and in Combination: Evaluation of Agent Efficacy and Analysis of Healing Mechanisms

by Ekaterina Silina, Victor Stupin, Natalia Manturova, Vitaly Vasin, Konstantin Koreyba, Petr Litvitskiy, Alexander Saltykov and Zalim Balkizov

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(10), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101534 - 22 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1758

Abstract

We studied the efficacy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and a polymeric compound (based on chitosan and cellulose with integrated cerium dioxide nanoparticles (PCCD)) in wound healing, and to compare the effects with various invasive and external drugs used for the same [...] Read more.

We studied the efficacy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and a polymeric compound (based on chitosan and cellulose with integrated cerium dioxide nanoparticles (PCCD)) in wound healing, and to compare the effects with various invasive and external drugs used for the same purpose. Two wounds were made on the backs of each of 112 Wistar rats, removing the skin. Eight groups were studied: Control_0—intact wounds; Control_ss—0.9% NaCl injections; MSC injections; Control_msc—intact wounds on the opposite side of the body from the MSC group; external application of the PCCD; external application of a combination of the drugs PCCD + MSC; DCh –ointment Dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine + Chloramphenicol; and DHCB—injections of a deproteinized hemoderivative of calf blood. After 14 days, we evaluated the state and size of the wounds, studied the level of microcirculation, performed a histological study, and identified and counted the different types of cells. The most effective remedy was combination PCCD + MSC. The treatments in the PCCD and MSC groups were more effective than in the DHCB and DCh groups. Invasive drugs and DCh slowed the regeneration process. DHCB did not affect the rate of healing for acute wounds without ischemia during the first week. The proven efficacy of developed polymeric compounds demonstrates the feasibility of further studies in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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14 pages, 1016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Effect of A-PRF Application during the Surgical Extraction of Third Molars on Healing and the Concentration of C-Reactive Protein

by Jacek M. Nowak, Stanisław Surma, Monika Romańczyk, Andrzej Wojtowicz, Krzysztof J. Filipiak and Maciej R. Czerniuk

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(9), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091471 - 15 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2217

Abstract

Extraction procedures for mandibular third molars are performed all over the world every day. Local inflammation resulting from surgery, and the pain that patients experience, often make it impossible to take up daily life activities, such as work or sports. Growth and anti-inflammatory [...] Read more.

Extraction procedures for mandibular third molars are performed all over the world every day. Local inflammation resulting from surgery, and the pain that patients experience, often make it impossible to take up daily life activities, such as work or sports. Growth and anti-inflammatory factors, located in the fibrin network, have a positive effect on tissue-healing processes and should also reduce local inflammation. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) applied locally influences such processes as: angiogenesis, osteogenesis and collagenogenesis. It also affects mesenchymal cell lines and anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators. Due to the autologous origin of the material, their use in guide bone regeneration (GBR) is more and more widespread in dentistry. The results of previous studies indicate that the use of A-PRF in the treatment area significantly reduces postoperative pain, while the formation of edema is not affected. C-reactive protein (CRP), which is an acute phase protein, appears in the blood as a consequence of inflammation. Due to the dynamics of changes in concentration of CRP, it is a protein that is sufficiently sensitive and is used in studies to monitor the tissue healing process. The effect of A-PRF application on CRP concentrations, before and after surgery, has not been investigated yet. The study was conducted on 60 generally healthy patients. A faster decrease of CRP levels was shown in patients who used A-PRF after the procedure. Additionally, it accelerated healing and reduced the occurrence of a dry socket close to 0. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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Review

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19 pages, 3613 KiB

Open AccessReview

Silk Fibroin-Based Therapeutics for Impaired Wound Healing

by Tanner Lehmann, Alyssa E. Vaughn, Sudipta Seal, Kenneth W. Liechty and Carlos Zgheib

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(3), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030651 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4502

Abstract

Impaired wound healing can lead to local hypoxia or tissue necrosis and ultimately result in amputation or even death. Various factors can influence the wound healing environment, including bacterial or fungal infections, different disease states, desiccation, edema, and even systemic viral infections such [...] Read more.

Impaired wound healing can lead to local hypoxia or tissue necrosis and ultimately result in amputation or even death. Various factors can influence the wound healing environment, including bacterial or fungal infections, different disease states, desiccation, edema, and even systemic viral infections such as COVID-19. Silk fibroin, the fibrous structural-protein component in silk, has emerged as a promising treatment for these impaired processes by promoting functional tissue regeneration. Silk fibroin’s dynamic properties allow for customizable nanoarchitectures, which can be tailored for effectively treating several wound healing impairments. Different forms of silk fibroin include nanoparticles, biosensors, tissue scaffolds, wound dressings, and novel drug-delivery systems. Silk fibroin can be combined with other biomaterials, such as chitosan or microRNA-bound cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP), to have a synergistic effect on improving impaired wound healing. This review focuses on the different applications of silk-fibroin-based nanotechnology in improving the wound healing process; here we discuss silk fibroin as a tissue scaffold, topical solution, biosensor, and nanoparticle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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20 pages, 1494 KiB

Open AccessReview

Keratin Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing, an Old Player in Modern Medicine: A Mini Review

by Marek Konop, Mateusz Rybka and Adrian Drapała

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(12), 2029; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122029 - 28 Nov 2021

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4057

Abstract

Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem. To solve it, researchers around the world have turned their attention to the use of tissue-engineered products to aid in skin regeneration in case of acute and chronic wounds. One of the primary goals of [...] Read more.

Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem. To solve it, researchers around the world have turned their attention to the use of tissue-engineered products to aid in skin regeneration in case of acute and chronic wounds. One of the primary goals of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop a matrix or scaffold system that mimics the structure and function of native tissue. Keratin biomaterials derived from wool, hair, and bristle have been the subjects of active research in the context of tissue regeneration for over a decade. Keratin derivatives, which can be either soluble or insoluble, are utilized as wound dressings since keratins are dynamically up-regulated and needed in skin wound healing. Tissue biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and natural abundance are only a few of the keratin biomaterials’ properties, making them excellent wound dressing materials to treat acute and chronic wounds. Several experimental and pre-clinical studies described the beneficial effects of the keratin-based wound dressing in faster wound healing. This review focuses exclusively on the biomedical application of a different type of keratin biomaterials as a wound dressing in pre-clinical and clinical conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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17 pages, 1122 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biomaterials and Meniscal Lesions: Current Concepts and Future Perspective

by Michele D. M. Lombardo, Laura Mangiavini and Giuseppe M. Peretti

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(11), 1886; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111886 - 07 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2538

Abstract

Menisci are crucial structures for knee homeostasis. After a meniscal lesion, the golden rule, now, is to save as much meniscus as possible; only the meniscus tissue that is identified as unrepairable should be excised, and meniscal sutures find more and more indications. [...] Read more.

Menisci are crucial structures for knee homeostasis. After a meniscal lesion, the golden rule, now, is to save as much meniscus as possible; only the meniscus tissue that is identified as unrepairable should be excised, and meniscal sutures find more and more indications. Several different methods have been proposed to improve meniscal healing. They include very basic techniques, such as needling, abrasion, trephination and gluing, or more complex methods, such as synovial flaps, meniscal wrapping or the application of fibrin clots. Basic research of meniscal substitutes has also become very active in the last decades. The aim of this literature review is to analyze possible therapeutic and surgical options that go beyond traditional meniscal surgery: from scaffolds, which are made of different kind of polymers, such as natural, synthetic or hydrogel components, to new technologies, such as 3-D printing construct or hybrid biomaterials made of scaffolds and specific cells. These recent advances show that there is great interest in the development of new materials for meniscal reconstruction and that, with the development of new biomaterials, there will be the possibility of better management of meniscal injuries Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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20 pages, 1375 KiB

Open AccessReview

Membranous Extracellular Matrix-Based Scaffolds for Skin Wound Healing

by Lin-Cui Da, Yi-Zhou Huang, Hui-Qi Xie, Bei-Hong Zheng, Yong-Can Huang and Sheng-Rong Du

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(11), 1796; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111796 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4156

Abstract

Membranous extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds are one of the most promising biomaterials for skin wound healing, some of which, such as acellular dermal matrix, small intestinal submucosa, and amniotic membrane, have been clinically applied to treat chronic wounds with acceptable outcomes. Nevertheless, the [...] Read more.

Membranous extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds are one of the most promising biomaterials for skin wound healing, some of which, such as acellular dermal matrix, small intestinal submucosa, and amniotic membrane, have been clinically applied to treat chronic wounds with acceptable outcomes. Nevertheless, the wide clinical applications are always hindered by the poor mechanical properties, the uncontrollable degradation, and other factors after implantation. To highlight the feasible strategies to overcome the limitations, in this review, we first outline the current clinical use of traditional membranous ECM scaffolds for skin wound healing and briefly introduce the possible repair mechanisms; then, we discuss their potential limitations and further summarize recent advances in the scaffold modification and fabrication technologies that have been applied to engineer new ECM-based membranes. With the development of scaffold modification approaches, nanotechnology and material manufacturing techniques, various types of advanced ECM-based membranes have been reported in the literature. Importantly, they possess much better properties for skin wound healing, and would become promising candidates for future clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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42 pages, 12207 KiB

Open AccessReview

Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

by Shenghai Shen, Xiaowen Chen, Zhewen Shen and Hao Chen

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(10), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101666 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 6954

Abstract

Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various [...] Read more.

Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various forms of wound dressings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the application of marine polysaccharides in wound dressings is particularly important for the studies of wound therapy. In this review, we first introduce the wound healing process and describe the characteristics of modern commonly used dressings. Then, the properties of various marine polysaccharides and their application in wound dressing development are outlined. Finally, strategies for developing and enhancing marine polysaccharide wound dressings are described, and an outlook of these dressings is given. The diverse bioactivities of marine polysaccharides including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic properties, etc., providing excellent wound management and accelerate wound healing. Meanwhile, these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to synthetic ones. On the other hand, marine polysaccharides can be combined with copolymers and active substances to prepare various forms of dressings. Among them, emerging types of dressings such as nanofibers, smart hydrogels and injectable hydrogels are at the research frontier of their development. Therefore, marine polysaccharides are essential materials in wound dressings fabrication and have a promising future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerations)

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