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Pharmaceutics
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Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition
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Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2023) | Viewed by 5424

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. James B. Fink

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60007, USA
Interests: medical aerosol delivery; pulmonary drug delivery; inhalation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Arzu Ari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Therapy, Texas State University, Austin, TX 73301, USA
Interests: aerosol deposition; trans-nasal pulmonary aerosol delivery; aerosol drug delivery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medical aerosol delivery has been evolving over the last two centuries with innovation in available drugs and formulations, technologies, and expanding applications from home to hospital, for infants to adults. This Special Issue will explore the variety of aerosol drug formulations in development and their implications in treating a range of diseases, both pulmonary and systemic. As the world reacts to the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, unprecedented activity is occurring in both repurposing drugs and novel formulation for administration as medical aerosols. From antivirals to surfactants, prostanoids to vaccines, in the next year, pharmaceutic development of promising medical aerosol candidates will likely yield a range of results with implications for prevention and treatments of COVID-19 patients with implications for other virus-related disease and respiratory distress. Concerns regarding the risk associated with aerosol-generating procedures, bioaerosols, fugitive emissions, and secondhand aerosol exposure during the current SARS-CoV2 pandemic have impacted willingness to do aerosol trials and this issue will explore their effects and strategies to reduce risks for health care providers, families, and patients with medical aerosols.

Prof. Dr. James B. Fink
Prof. Dr. Arzu Ari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • medical aerosols
  • formulations
  • pulmonary delivery
  • inhaled drugs
  • fugitive emission
  • bioaerosols

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1974 KiB  
Article
Effect of Disinfection Method and Testing Methodology on the Performance of a Breath-Enhanced Jet Nebulizer
by Kanjanamala Agoramurthi and Ariel Berlinski
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010016 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2023
Viewed by 660
Abstract
National guidelines for cystic fibrosis recommend cleaning and disinfecting nebulizers after each use. We tested two groups of five reusable breath-enhanced nebulizers after 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 sterilization (baby bottle sterilizer) or cleaning cycles. The [...] Read more.
National guidelines for cystic fibrosis recommend cleaning and disinfecting nebulizers after each use. We tested two groups of five reusable breath-enhanced nebulizers after 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 sterilization (baby bottle sterilizer) or cleaning cycles. The nebulizers were operated for 7 min (6 L/min) after loading albuterol (2.5 mg/3 mL), and they were evaluated with and without breathing simulation after cleaning/sterilization (0–180 and 0–60 cycles, respectively). Over the course of 180 cleaning/sterilization cycles, the mean (SD) solution output was 1.33 mL (0.12 mL)/1.29 mL (0.08 mL); the nebulizer mass remaining in the nebulizer was 61.5% (5.2%)/63% (4%); sputtering time was 4.7 min (0.8 min)/4.8 s (0.6 min); inspiratory filter was 19% (3%)/18.5% (2.4%); expiratory filter was 6.7% (1.1%)/6.7% (0.8%); and difference in drug output calculated using the solution output and nebulizer mass was 6.8% (4%)/5.2% (2.9%). Thermal disinfection with a baby-bottle sterilizer did not alter the performance of a reusable breath-enhanced nebulizer. The nebulizer test performed without breathing simulation underestimated its performance. The calculation of the drug output based on the solution output resulted in its overestimation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 1473 KiB  
Article
Preclinical Investigation of a Lipoglycopeptide Dry Powder Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of Pulmonary MRSA Infection
by Donna M. Konicek, Adam J. Plaunt, Sachin Gharse, Sasha J. Rose, Arielle Dorfman, Amruta Sabnis, Thomas Baker, Helena Gauani, Donald Chun, Zhili Li, Walter R. Perkins, David Cipolla and Vladimir S. Malinin
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(9), 2250; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092250 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
The increased prevalence of pulmonary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) is concerning due to a correlation with reduced life expectancy and lack of available treatment options. RV94 is a next generation lipoglycopeptide designed for pulmonary delivery [...] Read more.
The increased prevalence of pulmonary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) is concerning due to a correlation with reduced life expectancy and lack of available treatment options. RV94 is a next generation lipoglycopeptide designed for pulmonary delivery that preclinically demonstrated high potency against MRSA in planktonic and protected colonies and improved pulmonary clearance relative to same class molecules. Here, RV94 was formulated into a dry powder for inhalation (DPI) to investigate the localized treatment of pulmonary MRSA presented in a potentially more convenient dosage form. RV94 DPI was generated using a spray-drying process with 12.5 wt% trileucine and demonstrated aerosol characteristics (2.0 μm MMAD and 73% FPF) predictive of efficient pulmonary deposition. In vivo PK from a single dose of RV94 DPI delivered by inhalation to rats yielded lung levels (127 μg/g) much greater than the MRSA minimum inhibitory concentration (0.063 μg/mL), low systemic levels (0.1 μg/mL), and a lung t1/2 equal to 3.5 days. In a rat acute pulmonary MRSA model, a single dose of RV94 DPI delivered by inhalation either up to seven days prior to or 24 h after infection resulted in a statistically significant reduction in lung MRSA titer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 2842 KiB  
Article
Performance Testing of a Homemade Aerosol Generator for Pulmonary Administration of Dry Powder Formulations to Mice
by Rick Heida, Paul Hagedoorn, Melle C. van Meel, Jurrie E. R. Prins, Frederike S. Simonis, Renate Akkerman, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Henderik W. Frijlink, Anne H. de Boer and Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(7), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071847 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1522
Abstract
A challenge in the development of dry powder formulations for inhalation is the poor reproducibility of their administration to small laboratory animals. The currently used devices for the pulmonary administration of dry powder formulations to small rodents often function sub-optimally as they use [...] Read more.
A challenge in the development of dry powder formulations for inhalation is the poor reproducibility of their administration to small laboratory animals. The currently used devices for the pulmonary administration of dry powder formulations to small rodents often function sub-optimally as they use the same puff of air for both powder dispersion and aerosol delivery. As a result, either the air volume and flow rate are too low for complete powder deagglomeration or they are too high for effective aerosol delivery to the lungs of the animal. Therefore, novel and better devices are desired. We here present an aerosol generator designed to administer a pre-generated aerosol to the lungs of mice. By mapping the complex relationship between the airflow rate, delivery time and emitted dose, we were able to control the amount of powder being delivered from the aerosol generator. The emitted aerosol had a size range favorable for lung deposition and could be measured reproducibly. Nevertheless, in vivo fluorescent imaging still revealed considerable differences between the mice in terms of the dose deposited and the distribution of powder over the lungs, suggesting that a certain biological variation in lung deposition is inevitable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 1727 KiB  
Article
Influence of Mechanical Ventilation Modes on the Efficacy of Nebulized Bronchodilators in the Treatment of Intubated Adult Patients with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Cibelle Andrade Lima, Shirley Lima Campos, Monique Pontes Bandeira, Wagner Souza Leite, Daniella Cunha Brandão, Juliana Fernandes, James B. Fink and Armele Dornelas de Andrade
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(5), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051466 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Background: Little has been reported in terms of clinical outcomes to confirm the benefits of nebulized bronchodilators during mechanical ventilation (MV). Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) could be a valuable method to elucidate this gap. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background: Little has been reported in terms of clinical outcomes to confirm the benefits of nebulized bronchodilators during mechanical ventilation (MV). Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) could be a valuable method to elucidate this gap. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of nebulized bronchodilators during invasive MV with EIT by comparing three ventilation modes on the overall and regional lung ventilation and aeration in critically ill patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: A blind clinical trial in which eligible patients underwent nebulization with salbutamol sulfate (5 mg/1 mL) and ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg/2 mL) in the ventilation mode they were receiving. EIT evaluation was performed before and after the intervention. A joint and stratified analysis into ventilation mode groups was performed, with p < 0.05. Results: Five of nineteen procedures occurred in controlled MV mode, seven in assisted mode and seven in spontaneous mode. In the intra-group analysis, the nebulization increased total ventilation in controlled (p = 0.04 and ⅆ = 2) and spontaneous (p = 0.01 and ⅆ = 1.5) MV modes. There was an increase in the dependent pulmonary region in assisted mode (p = 0.01 and ⅆ = 0.3) and in spontaneous mode (p = 0.02 and ⅆ = 1.6). There was no difference in the intergroup analysis. Conclusions: Nebulized bronchodilators reduce the aeration of non-dependent pulmonary regions and increase overall lung ventilation but there was no difference between the ventilation modes. As a limitation, it is important to note that the muscular effort in PSV and A/C PCV modes influences the impedance variation, and consequently the aeration and ventilation values. Thus, future studies are needed to evaluate this effort as well as the time on ventilator, time in UCI and other variables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Aerosol Drug Delivery, 2nd Edition)
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