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Pharmaceutics
Special Issues
Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field
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Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Technology, Manufacturing and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 4753

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lorella Giovannelli

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
Interests: pre-formulation studies; solid state of biomolecules; stabilizer excipients; thermal analysis; drug delivery systems; spray drying; spray congealing; freeze drying
Dr. Matteo Bordiga

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
Interests: food chemistry; gas chromatography; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; polyphenols; volatile compounds; wine chemistry; extraction; fermentation; prebiotic compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Baojun Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
Interests: food science; phytochemicals; nutraceuticals; pharmaceuticals; functional foods; molecular nutrition; cell biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spray drying is one of the most established means used in the pharmaceutical and food industries to convert liquids into powders. This continuous mechanical process allows for obtaining dry formulations characterized by enhanced shelf-life. Due to the short contact time of the feed liquid with the hot drying medium, spray drying is widely used for the microencapsulation of heat-sensitive and valuable bioactive molecules, in addition to volatile compounds. Another advantage of spray drying is the possibility of modulating the physicochemical and technological characteristics of the powders, and hence the final product quality, by opportunely setting the formulation and process parameters. Technological adjuvants can be used, which may be mixed with the material to be dried, to enhance the process yield and simultaneously to further reduce the thermal stress on bioactive compounds during the drying process. The proper choice of process parameters is important to the scalability of spray drying.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field”. Your outstanding research will support scientists in tackling the challenges encountered in the obtainment of powders suitable for their formulation into pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food sciences, biotechnology and the chemical industry.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Lorella Giovannelli
Dr. Matteo Bordiga
Prof. Dr. Baojun Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • encapsulation
  • microencapsulation
  • controlled release
  • nutraceuticals
  • pharmaceuticals
  • powder structure
  • process optimization
  • drying adjuvants
  • scale-up process

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 2066 KiB  
Article
Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Bauhinia ungulata L. var. obtusifolia Aqueous Extract Containing Phenolic Compounds: A Comparative Study Using Different Wall Materials
by Myrth Soares do Nascimento Remígio, Teresa Greco, José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior, Attilio Converti, Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa, Alessandra Rossi and Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(4), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16040488 - 02 Apr 2024
Viewed by 474
Abstract
Species belonging to the Bauhinia genus, usually known as “pata-de-vaca”, are popularly used to treat diabetes. Bauhinia ungulata var. obtusifolia (Ducke) Vaz is among them, of which the leaves are used as a tea for medicinal purposes in the Amazon region. A microencapsulation [...] Read more.
Species belonging to the Bauhinia genus, usually known as “pata-de-vaca”, are popularly used to treat diabetes. Bauhinia ungulata var. obtusifolia (Ducke) Vaz is among them, of which the leaves are used as a tea for medicinal purposes in the Amazon region. A microencapsulation study of lyophilized aqueous extract from Bauhinia ungulata leaves, which contain phenolic compounds, using five different wall materials (maltodextrin DE 4-7, maltodextrin DE 11-14; β-cyclodextrin; pectin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) is described in this paper. The microstructure, particle size distribution, thermal behavior, yield, and encapsulation efficiency were investigated and compared using different techniques. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, phenolics, and flavonoids were detected and quantified in the microparticles. The microparticles obtained with a yield and phenolics encapsulation efficiency ranging within 60–83% and 35–57%, respectively, showed a particle size distribution between 1.15 and 5.54 µm, spherical morphology, and a wrinkled surface. Among them, those prepared with sodium carboxymethylcellulose or pectin proved to be the most thermally stable. They had the highest flavonoid content (23.07 and 21.73 mg RUTE/g Extract) and total antioxidant activity by both the DPPH (376.55 and 367.86 µM TEq/g Extract) and ABTS (1085.72 and 1062.32 µM TEq/g Extract) assays. The chromatographic analyses allowed for quantification of the following substances retained by the microparticles, chlorogenic acid (1.74–1.98 mg/g Extract), p-coumaric acid (0.06–0.08 mg/g Extract), rutin (11.2–12.9 mg/g Extract), and isoquercitrin (0.49–0.53 mg/g Extract), compounds which considered to responsible for the antidiabetic property attributed to the species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field)
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19 pages, 3393 KiB  
Article
Spray-Dried Powder Containing Cannabigerol: A New Extemporaneous Emulgel for Topical Administration
by Alice Picco, Lorena Segale, Ivana Miletto, Federica Pollastro, Silvio Aprile, Monica Locatelli, Elia Bari, Maria Luisa Torre and Lorella Giovannelli
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(12), 2747; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122747 - 08 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1114
Abstract
Cannabigerol (CBG), a cannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L., recently attracted noteworthy attention for its dermatological applications, mainly due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effectiveness similar to those of cannabidiol (CBD). In this work, based on results from studies of in vitro permeation [...] Read more.
Cannabigerol (CBG), a cannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L., recently attracted noteworthy attention for its dermatological applications, mainly due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effectiveness similar to those of cannabidiol (CBD). In this work, based on results from studies of in vitro permeation through biomimetic membranes performed with CBG and CBD in the presence and in the absence of a randomly substituted methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a new CBG extemporaneous emulgel (oil-in-gel emulsion) formulation was developed by spray-drying. The powder (SDE) can be easily reconstituted with purified water, leading to a product with chemical-physical and technological characteristics that are comparable to those of the starting emulgels (E). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that the spray-drying treatment did not alter the chemical properties of CBG. This product can represent a metered-dosage form for the localized treatment of cutaneous afflictions such as acne and psoriasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field)
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17 pages, 2610 KiB  
Article
Driving Spray Drying towards Better Yield: Tackling a Problem That Sticks Around
by Pavithra Sundararajan, Justin Moser, Lisa Williams, Tiffany Chiang, Colin Riordan, Matthew Metzger, Fan Zhang-Plasket, Fang Wang, John Collins and Joseph Williams
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(8), 2137; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082137 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2318
Abstract
Powder deposition and accumulation on walls of spray drying chamber has been known to impact spray drying processes, resulting in lower yield, frequent shutdowns, and downtimes. Critical factors that impact the extent and rate of wall deposition have been studied extensively in the [...] Read more.
Powder deposition and accumulation on walls of spray drying chamber has been known to impact spray drying processes, resulting in lower yield, frequent shutdowns, and downtimes. Critical factors that impact the extent and rate of wall deposition have been studied extensively in the chemical and food industry. In this paper, we present an atypical process yield issue wherein acceptable yield is obtained during the first batch of spray drying but undergoes significant yield loss in consecutive batches. Through understanding the interplay of the process, material properties, and equipment, we identify key mechanisms that are playing a role in causing the process yield issue. These mechanisms include surface roughness of the inner wall of the spray dryer, variation in gas flow due to the introduction of process analytical technology, start-up and shutdown operating parameters that expose the wall deposited powder from the prior batch to temperatures close to the onset of glass transition temperature and cause depression of its glass transition temperature. These factors result in more wall accumulation and impact the yield in subsequent batches. By correcting for most of these factors, the yield reduction issue was mitigated, and processing efficiency was improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Field)
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