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Pharmaceutics
Special Issues
Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases
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Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4585

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mershen Govender

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
Interests: controlled release systems; mucosal delivery; nanotechnology; nutraceuticals; pharmaceutical microbiology; infectious diseases; oncology; biomaterials; tissue engineering; additive manufacturing and 3D bioprinting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yahya E. Choonara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
Interests: drug delivery; biomaterials; nanomedicine; computational pharmaceutics; neurotherapeutics; polymers; 3D bioprinting; pharmaceutics; pharmaceutical formulation; targeted drug therapy; ocular drug delivery; colloidal systems; tissue engineering; infectious diseases; oncology; HIV; tuberculosis; STIs; malaria; wound healing; protein/peptide therapeutics; nucleic acid delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The respiratory system is a complex environment predisposed to a number of ailments due to infections, autoimmune conditions and environmental exposure. The optimal functioning of this organ system is imperative for proper health and well-being. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a greater focus was placed on the impact of viruses on the respiratory system, as well as on the potential drug delivery platforms to treat this condition. Research into other respiratory disorders consequently decreased, despite their prevalence and impact on human health. The aim of this Special Issue is to attract original research articles and reviews focusing on advanced drug delivery platforms for the treatment of respiratory diseases. These diseases may include, amongst others, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune conditions affecting the respiratory system, asthma, COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis and lung cancers.

Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Novel synthesis of delivery systems, drug formulations and development technologies for respiratory diseases;
  2. Nanoplatforms for respiratory delivery (polymeric nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, nanomicelles, etc.);
  3. Novel theranostic platforms for respiratory diseases;
  4. Targeting of specific cell populations or intracellular targeting in the pulmonary environment;
  5. Design of advanced targeted drug delivery devices for increased dosing accuracy and reproducibility;
  6. Advanced drug delivery approaches for biopharmaceuticals including vaccines, antibiotics, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Mershen Govender
Prof. Dr. Yahya E. Choonara
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug delivery
  • pulmonary
  • respiratory system
  • bacterial and viral infections
  • lung cancer
  • autoimmune conditions
  • asthma
  • COPD
  • nanosystems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1742 KiB  
Article
In-Line Aerosol Therapy via Nasal Cannula during Adult and Paediatric Normal, Obstructive, and Restrictive Breathing
by Marc Mac Giolla Eain and Ronan MacLoughlin
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(12), 2679; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122679 - 27 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 916
Abstract
High-flow nasal oxygen therapy is being increasingly adopted in intensive and home care settings. The concurrent delivery of aerosolised therapeutics allows for the targeted treatment of respiratory illnesses. This study examined in-line aerosol therapy via a nasal cannula to simulated adult and paediatric [...] Read more.
High-flow nasal oxygen therapy is being increasingly adopted in intensive and home care settings. The concurrent delivery of aerosolised therapeutics allows for the targeted treatment of respiratory illnesses. This study examined in-line aerosol therapy via a nasal cannula to simulated adult and paediatric models with healthy, obstructive and restrictive lung types. The Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebuliser was used in combination with the InspiredTM O2FLO high-flow therapy system. Representative adult and paediatric head models were connected to a breathing simulator, which replicated several different states of lung health. The aerosol delivery was quantified at the tracheal level using UV-spectrophotometry. Testing was performed at a range of supplemental gas flow rates applicable to both models. Positive end-expiratory pressure was measured pre-, during and post-nebulisation. The increases in supplemental gas flow rates resulted in a decrease in aerosol delivery, irrespective of lung health. Large tidal volumes and extended inspiratory phases were associated with the greatest aerosol delivery. Gas flow to inspiratory flow ratios of 0.29–0.5 were found to be optimum for aerosol delivery. To enhance aerosol delivery to patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, respiratory therapists should keep supplemental gas-flow rates below the inspiratory flow of the patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases)
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9 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Different Doses in Inhaled Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis
by José Luis Lopez-Campos, Rocio Reinoso-Arija, Marta Ferrer Galván, Auxiliadora Romero Falcón, Francisco J. Alvarez-Gutiérrez, Francisco Ortega-Ruiz and Esther Quintana-Gallego
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(9), 2206; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092206 - 26 Aug 2023
Viewed by 886
Abstract
Background. Currently, there is a considerable degree of confusion over the dosage of inhaled medications. Here, we carried out a review of all the doses used for the devices used in inhalation therapy. Methods. We first performed a systematic search of the different [...] Read more.
Background. Currently, there is a considerable degree of confusion over the dosage of inhaled medications. Here, we carried out a review of all the doses used for the devices used in inhalation therapy. Methods. We first performed a systematic search of the different inhalation devices included on the July 2023 Spanish Ministry of Health Billing List. We then consulted the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products to find the updated official label and to obtain the information on the exact composition. Results. We identified 90 unique products, of which 22 were long-acting bronchodilators (and combinations thereof) and 68 were products containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Overall, 10 products with bronchodilators and 40 with ICS were marketed with the metered dose, while 11 with bronchodilators and 28 with ICS were marketed with the delivered dose. In addition, in some bronchodilators, the drug was referred to as a type of salt, whereas in others the information referred to the drug itself. Conclusions. Our data show that for each inhaled drug there may be up to four different doses and that the marketed name may refer to any of these. Clinicians must be aware of these different dosages when prescribing inhaled medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases)
13 pages, 19968 KiB  
Article
The Use of an Inspiration-Synchronized Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer for Prolonged Inhalative Iloprost Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Patients—An In Vitro Model
by Matthias Otto, Yannik Kropp, Evelyn Jäger, Michael Neumaier, Manfred Thiel, Michael Quintel and Charalambos Tsagogiorgas
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(8), 2080; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082080 - 03 Aug 2023
Viewed by 946
Abstract
Mechanically ventilated patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently receive aerosolized iloprost. Because of prostacyclin’s short half-life, prolonged inhalative administration might improve its clinical efficacy. But, this is technically challenging. A solution might be the use of inspiration-synchronized vibrating mesh nebulizers [...] Read more.
Mechanically ventilated patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently receive aerosolized iloprost. Because of prostacyclin’s short half-life, prolonged inhalative administration might improve its clinical efficacy. But, this is technically challenging. A solution might be the use of inspiration-synchronized vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNsyn), which achieve high drug deposition rates while showing prolonged nebulization times. However, there are no data comparing prolonged to bolus iloprost nebulization using a continuous vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMNcont) and investigating the effects of different ventilation modes on inspiration-synchronized nebulization. Therefore, in an in vitro model of mechanically ventilated adults, a VMNsyn and a VMNcont were compared in volume-controlled (VC-CMV) and pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) regarding iloprost deposition rate and nebulization time. During VC-CMV, the deposition rate of the VMNsyn was comparable to the rate obtained with the VMNcont, but 10.9% lower during PC-CMV. The aerosol output of the VMNsyn during both ventilation modes was significantly lower compared to the VMNcont, leading to a 7.5 times longer nebulization time during VC-CMV and only to a 4.2 times longer nebulization time during PC-CMV. Inspiration-synchronized nebulization during VC-CMV mode therefore seems to be the most suitable for prolonged inhalative iloprost administration in mechanically ventilated patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases)
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Review

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0 pages, 2576 KiB  
Review
Towards More Precise Targeting of Inhaled Aerosols to Different Areas of the Respiratory System
by Tomasz R. Sosnowski
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010097 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1205
Abstract
Pharmaceutical aerosols play a key role in the treatment of lung disorders, but also systemic diseases, due to their ability to target specific areas of the respiratory system (RS). This article focuses on identifying and clarifying the influence of various factors involved in [...] Read more.
Pharmaceutical aerosols play a key role in the treatment of lung disorders, but also systemic diseases, due to their ability to target specific areas of the respiratory system (RS). This article focuses on identifying and clarifying the influence of various factors involved in the generation of aerosol micro- and nanoparticles on their regional distribution and deposition in the RS. Attention is given to the importance of process parameters during the aerosolization of liquids or powders and the role of aerosol flow dynamics in the RS. The interaction of deposited particles with the fluid environment of the lung is also pointed out as an important step in the mass transfer of the drug to the RS surface. The analysis presented highlights the technical aspects of preparing the precursors to ensure that the properties of the aerosol are suitable for a given therapeutic target. Through an analysis of existing technical limitations, selected strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of targeted aerosol delivery to the RS have been identified and presented. These strategies also include the use of smart inhaling devices and systems with built-in AI algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases)
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