Application of Gene Delivery: Challenges and Opportunities

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 2047

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: gene therapy; non-viral vectors; drug delivery; 3D bioprinting; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: gene therapy; non-viral vectors; drug delivery; 3D bioprinting; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gene therapy has become one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of diseases with a genetic origin, or even acquired diseases, with many potential clinical applications.

Nucleic acid drugs are becoming essential therapeutic molecules for precision medicine using different approaches: overcominh the deficiency of a protein by the delivery of DNA vectors carrying the absent gene, the use of the antisense approach to block the translation of a specific mRNA or modulate RNA splicing, downregulating a gene of a selected mRNA by short interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNAs), and the use of nucleic acids to block or interact with proteins.

More than 150 investigational new drug applications were filed for gene therapy in 2018 alone. Experts predict a growth in gene therapy approvals per year in the near future. This growth is set to come from ASOs and RNAi (Spinraza and Onpattro) and from potentially curative modalities deploying AAV and lentivirus therapies (Luxturna and Zynteglo). In addition, CRISPR  gene-editing-based therapeutics present a long-term growth opportunity, generating significant excitement and investment in the technology. However, they are unlikely to have significant clinical impact in the short term, as further preclinical research is still needed.  

Issues with delivery are still one of the most important problems to overcome in the development of nucleic acids as drugs. Although viral vectors such as retroviruses or adenoviruses have shown high transfection efficiencies and have been used in clinical trials, certain concerns regarding the immunogenicity or recombination of oncogenes must be overcome. Moreover, viral vectors still suffer from capacity constraints, a high cost of goods, long lead times, and significant upfront investment requirements. In contrast, nonviral vectors such as lipids, cell-penetrating peptides, polymers or gold nanoparticles have emerged as promising alternatives to deliver nucleic acids. It is essential to deepen the regulation of gene therapy drugs, as well as the investigation of the safety of these drugs.

Prof. Dr. Jon Zárate Sesma
Dr. Ilia Villate-Beitia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanocarriers
  • gene delivery
  • nonviral vectors
  • nucleic acids
  • gene therapy

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 4895 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Poly(N-Ethyl Pyrrolidine Methacrylamide) (EPA) and Derivatives as Polymeric Vehicles for miRNA Delivery to Neural Cells
by Altea Soto, Manuel Nieto-Díaz, Enrique Martínez-Campos, Ana Noalles-Dols, María Asunción Barreda-Manso, Felipe Reviriego, Helmut Reinecke, David Reigada, Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano, Irene Novillo, Alberto Gallardo, Juan Rodríguez-Hernández, Ramón Eritja, Anna Aviñó, Carlos Elvira and Rodrigo M. Maza
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(5), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051451 - 10 May 2023
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short RNA oligonucleotides that regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins to control cells’ function in physiological and pathological conditions. miRNA therapeutics are highly specific, reducing the toxicity associated with off-target effects, and require low doses to achieve therapeutic [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short RNA oligonucleotides that regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins to control cells’ function in physiological and pathological conditions. miRNA therapeutics are highly specific, reducing the toxicity associated with off-target effects, and require low doses to achieve therapeutic effects. Despite their potential, applying miRNA-based therapies is limited by difficulties in delivery due to their poor stability, fast clearance, poor efficiency, and off-target effects. To overcome these challenges, polymeric vehicles have attracted a lot of attention due to their ease of production with low costs, large payload, safety profiles, and minimal induction of the immune response. Poly(N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide) (EPA) copolymers have shown optimal DNA transfection efficiencies in fibroblasts. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of EPA polymers as miRNA carriers for neural cell lines and primary neuron cultures when they are copolymerized with different compounds. To achieve this aim, we synthesized and characterized different copolymers and evaluated their miRNA condensation ability, size, charge, cytotoxicity, cell binding and internalization ability, and endosomal escape capacity. Finally, we evaluated their miRNA transfection capability and efficacy in Neuro-2a cells and rat primary hippocampal neurons. The results indicate that EPA and its copolymers, incorporating β-cyclodextrins with or without polyethylene glycol acrylate derivatives, can be promising vehicles for miRNA administration to neural cells when all experiments on Neuro-2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons are considered together. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Gene Delivery: Challenges and Opportunities)
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