Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2024) | Viewed by 17605

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Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV /EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: drug delivery; biomaterials; regenerative medicine; cell therapy; biomarkers
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Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
Interests: biomaterials; nanomaterials; nanocomposites; wound healing; bionanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biopolymers have interesting physical and chemical properties, structures, and biological activity required to promote wound healing. In addition, they can be processed into a variety of shapes (i.e., films, fibers, gels, and particles). They are often associated with cells and/or therapeutic biomolecules to further improve wound healing. Moreover, the modification of biopolymers with different functional groups has led to the development of stimuli-responsive materials, in which it is possible to trigger the release of therapeutic molecules in biological environments with different characteristics. This Special Issue highlights some of the most promising approaches to biopolymer materials for wound healing applications. We invite articles on all aspects of research in this field, which may help to accelerate scientific knowledge and reach clinical applications.

Dr. Gorka Orive
Dr. Martin Federico Desimone
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biopolymer
  • wound healing
  • scaffolds
  • biomaterials
  • tissue engineering
  • regenerative medicine
  • drug delivery

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3804 KiB  
Article
Low Molecular Weight Hydrogel for Wound Healing
by Shangyan Gu, Yu Lu, Yuji Wang, Wensheng Lu and Wei Wang
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(4), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041119 - 31 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Octadecylazanediyl dipropionic acid (C18ADPA) is a zwitterionic amphiphile with a dendritic headgroup. C18ADPA self-assembles to lamellar networks, which encompasses water and forms a low-molecular-weight hydrogel (LMWG). In this study, we use the C18ADPA hydrogel as a drug carrier for the in vivo delivery [...] Read more.
Octadecylazanediyl dipropionic acid (C18ADPA) is a zwitterionic amphiphile with a dendritic headgroup. C18ADPA self-assembles to lamellar networks, which encompasses water and forms a low-molecular-weight hydrogel (LMWG). In this study, we use the C18ADPA hydrogel as a drug carrier for the in vivo delivery of a copper salt for wound healing in a mouse model. A structural transition was observed based on cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) images after drug loading. The C18ADPA hydrogel, which had a layered structure, transformed into a self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN). The mechanical strength of the LMWG has always been an important issue in its applications. However, due to the structural transition, both the storage and loss moduli increased. In vivo tests showed that wound closure was faster after applying the hydrogel formulation compared with the Vaseline formulation. For the first time, we have also provided histological evidence of these effects on skin tissue. The hydrogel formulation exhibited clear advantages in regenerating tissue structure over traditional delivery formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 5319 KiB  
Article
Stability Enhancement of Freeze-Dried Gelatin/Alginate Coacervates for bFGF Delivery
by JongOk Lee, Eunmi Ban, Heejung Park and Aeri Kim
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(12), 2548; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122548 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Chronic wound sites have elevated levels of proteolytic enzymes that negate the activity of topically applied growth factors. bFGF encapsulated in gelatin/alginate coacervates was protected from protease and showed better activity than bFGF in solution; however, its activity decreased with particle size and [...] Read more.
Chronic wound sites have elevated levels of proteolytic enzymes that negate the activity of topically applied growth factors. bFGF encapsulated in gelatin/alginate coacervates was protected from protease and showed better activity than bFGF in solution; however, its activity decreased with particle size and PDI increase after freeze-drying and rehydration. In this study, we aim to improve the stability of bFGF coacervates during freeze-drying to enable a topically applied growth factor delivery system for diabetic foot ulcer. Trehalose, mannitol, and Tween 80 at various concentrations were tested as cryoprotectant candidates. Trehalose improved the mechanical property of freeze-dried coacervates and physical properties after rehydration, resulting in stable size and PDI values. It also enhanced the bFGF activity in hyperglycemic human dermal fibroblasts with better cell viability, migration, and procollagen synthesis compared to the coacervates without trehalose. Hydrogen bonding interactions between trehalose and polymers probed by ATR-FTIR contribute to the stability of coacervates during freeze-drying. In conclusion, the freeze-dried gelatin/alginate coacervates encapsulating bFGF was effectively stabilized with trehalose, and the resulting coacervate composition is suggested as a potential therapeutic modality for chronic wounds including diabetic foot ulcer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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27 pages, 547 KiB  
Review
Progress in the Use of Hydrogels for Antioxidant Delivery in Skin Wounds
by Lidia Maeso, Pablo Edmundo Antezana, Ailen Gala Hvozda Arana, Pablo Andrés Evelson, Gorka Orive and Martín Federico Desimone
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16040524 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 366
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body, and it acts as a protective barrier against external factors. Chronic wounds affect millions of people worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. One of the main factors involved [...] Read more.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, and it acts as a protective barrier against external factors. Chronic wounds affect millions of people worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. One of the main factors involved in delayed wound healing is oxidative injury, which is triggered by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds, where it is known to impair wound healing by causing damage to cellular components, delaying the inflammatory phase of healing, and inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels. Thereby, the treatment of chronic wounds requires a multidisciplinary approach that addresses the underlying causes of the wound, provides optimal wound care, and promotes wound healing. Among the promising approaches to taking care of chronic wounds, antioxidants are gaining interest since they offer multiple benefits related to skin health. Therefore, in this review, we will highlight the latest advances in the use of natural polymers with antioxidants to generate tissue regeneration microenvironments for skin wound healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 3114 KiB  
Review
Films for Wound Healing Fabricated Using a Solvent Casting Technique
by Fabiola V. Borbolla-Jiménez, Sheila I. Peña-Corona, Sonia J. Farah, María Teresa Jiménez-Valdés, Emiliano Pineda-Pérez, Alejandra Romero-Montero, María Luisa Del Prado-Audelo, Sergio Alberto Bernal-Chávez, Jonathan J. Magaña and Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(7), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071914 - 09 Jul 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6026
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that involves restoring the structure of damaged tissues through four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Wound dressings are the most common treatment used to cover wounds, reduce infection risk and the loss of physiological fluids, and [...] Read more.
Wound healing is a complex process that involves restoring the structure of damaged tissues through four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Wound dressings are the most common treatment used to cover wounds, reduce infection risk and the loss of physiological fluids, and enhance wound healing. Despite there being several types of wound dressings based on different materials and fabricated through various techniques, polymeric films have been widely employed due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Furthermore, they are non-invasive, easy to apply, allow gas exchange, and can be transparent. Among different methods for designing polymeric films, solvent casting represents a reliable, preferable, and highly used technique due to its easygoing and relatively low-cost procedure compared to sophisticated methods such as spin coating, microfluidic spinning, or 3D printing. Therefore, this review focuses on the polymeric dressings obtained using this technique, emphasizing the critical manufacturing factors related to pharmaceuticals, specifically discussing the formulation variables necessary to create wound dressings that demonstrate effective performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 2509 KiB  
Review
Bacterial Cellulose-Based Materials as Dressings for Wound Healing
by Manuel Horue, Jhonatan Miguel Silva, Ignacio Rivero Berti, Larissa Reis Brandão, Hernane da Silva Barud and Guillermo R. Castro
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020424 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3174
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by several microorganisms as extracellular structures and can be modified by various physicochemical and biological strategies to produce different cellulosic formats. The main advantages of BC for biomedical applications can be summarized thus: easy moldability, purification, and scalability; [...] Read more.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by several microorganisms as extracellular structures and can be modified by various physicochemical and biological strategies to produce different cellulosic formats. The main advantages of BC for biomedical applications can be summarized thus: easy moldability, purification, and scalability; high biocompatibility; and straightforward tailoring. The presence of a high amount of free hydroxyl residues, linked with water and nanoporous morphology, makes BC polymer an ideal candidate for wound healing. In this frame, acute and chronic wounds, associated with prevalent pathologies, were addressed to find adequate therapeutic strategies. Hence, the main characteristics of different BC structures—such as membranes and films, fibrous and spheroidal, nanocrystals and nanofibers, and different BC blends, as well as recent advances in BC composites with alginate, collagen, chitosan, silk sericin, and some miscellaneous blends—are reported in detail. Moreover, the development of novel antimicrobial BC and drug delivery systems are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 914 KiB  
Review
Different Curcumin-Loaded Delivery Systems for Wound Healing Applications: A Comprehensive Review
by Sarah A. Sideek, Hala B. El-Nassan, Ahmed R. Fares, Aliaa N. ElMeshad and Nermeen A. Elkasabgy
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010038 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2608
Abstract
Curcumin or turmeric is the active constituent of Curcuma longa L. It has marvelous medicinal applications in many diseases. When the skin integrity is compromised due to either acute or chronic wounds, the body initiates several steps leading to tissue healing and skin [...] Read more.
Curcumin or turmeric is the active constituent of Curcuma longa L. It has marvelous medicinal applications in many diseases. When the skin integrity is compromised due to either acute or chronic wounds, the body initiates several steps leading to tissue healing and skin barrier function restoration. Curcumin has very strong antibacterial and antifungal activities with powerful wound healing ability owing to its antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, its poor oral bioavailability, low water solubility and rapid metabolism limit its medical use. Tailoring suitable drug delivery systems for carrying curcumin improves its pharmaceutical and pharmacological effects. This review summarizes the most recent reported curcumin-loaded delivery systems for wound healing purposes, chiefly hydrogels, films, wafers, and sponges. In addition, curcumin nanoformulations such as nanohydrogels, nanoparticles and nanofibers are also presented, which offer better solubility, bioavailability, and sustained release to augment curcumin wound healing effects through stimulating the different healing phases by the aid of the small carrier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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Other

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17 pages, 978 KiB  
Perspective
Polymers and Bioactive Compounds with a Macrophage Modulation Effect for the Rational Design of Hydrogels for Skin Regeneration
by Mirna L. Sánchez, Hugo Valdez, Micaela Conde, Pamela Viaña-Mendieta and Aldo R. Boccaccini
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(6), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061655 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1762
Abstract
The development of biomaterial platforms for dispensing reagents of interest such as antioxidants, growth factors or antibiotics based on functional hydrogels represents a biotechnological solution for many challenges that the biomedicine field is facing. In this context, in situ dosing of therapeutic components [...] Read more.
The development of biomaterial platforms for dispensing reagents of interest such as antioxidants, growth factors or antibiotics based on functional hydrogels represents a biotechnological solution for many challenges that the biomedicine field is facing. In this context, in situ dosing of therapeutic components for dermatological injuries such as diabetic foot ulcers is a relatively novel strategy to improve the wound healing process. Hydrogels have shown more comfort for the treatment of wounds due to their smooth surface and moisture, as well as their structural affinity with tissues in comparison to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ultrasound, and electromagnetic therapies, negative pressure wound therapy or skin grafts. Macrophages, one of the most important cells of the innate immune system, have been described as the key not only in relation to the host immune defense, but also in the progress of wound healing. Macrophage dysfunction in chronic wounds of diabetic patients leads to a perpetuating inflammatory environment and impairs tissue repair. Modulating the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) could be a strategy for helping to improve chronic wound healing. In this regard, a new paradigm is found in the development of advanced biomaterials capable of inducing in situ macrophage polarization to offer an approach to wound care. Such an approach opens a new direction for the development of multifunctional materials in regenerative medicine. This paper surveys emerging hydrogel materials and bioactive compounds being investigated to induce the immunomodulation of macrophages. We propose four potential functional biomaterials for wound healing applications based on novel biomaterial/bioactive compound combination that are expected to show synergistic beneficial outcomes for the local differentiation of macrophages (M1–M2) as a therapeutic strategy for chronic wound healing improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Materials for Wound Healing, 2nd Edition)
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