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Special Issue "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances"

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A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7718

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jacob J Adashek

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Guest Editor

The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Interests: precision medicine; developmental therapeutics; biomarker-driven trials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The treatment landscape for many cancers is rapidly evolving with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and multi-omics. Combining the insights of next-generation sequencing along with transcriptomic and immunomic data can often inform treatment decision making for some cancers. In certain circumstances the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to dramatic responses in various tumor types. Understanding which patients may yield the most benefit from these agents is of the utmost importance and interest of the greater oncology community. Deciphering how to hijack this response for patients who do not have such responses is also important and of interest. Various groups have led and continue to lead efforts into combining immune checkpoint in combination with various targeted therapies in efforts to improve responses to these agents. Additionally, there is an abundance of ongoing clinical trials to investigate novel checkpoints including but not limited to LAG-3, TIM3, TIGIT, and many more. Identifying which patients may have the most clinical benefit from these agents and how to predict which patients may have this benefit is part of the ongoing effort of the development of these agents. In this Special Issue, we aim to draw together research from experts in the field that highlight immunotherapeutic agents and strategies, and identify future directions that will lead to discoveries and therapies for these drugs in patients with cancer.

Dr. Jacob J Adashek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

immune checkpoint inhibitor
biomarker-driven trials
genomics
immunomics
precision medicine
multiomics

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Open AccessArticle

Response to Anti-PD1/L1 Antibodies in Advanced Urothelial Cancer in the ‘Real-Life’ Setting

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Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(9), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091154 - 16 Sep 2022

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Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now the standard of care for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients. Our aim was to describe the activity of ICIs in mUC and find the clinical parameters associated with response. This is a retrospective, single-center chart review of mUC patients receiving ICIs. The overall survival (OS) was plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared using a log-rank test. Associations between the variables and responses were analyzed by univariate and multivariable analyses, using either logistic regression or a Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test. Ninety-four patients received ICIs, 85% of which were in the second line or beyond; the median age was 71.8 years, and 82% were men. Six (6.4%), 11 (11.7%), 7 (7.4%) and 70 (74.5%) patients achieved a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), mixed response/stable disease (M/SD) or progressive disease (PD), respectively. The median overall survival was 3.2 months for the entire cohort and was significantly different according to the response pattern—not reached, 32.3, 6.4 and 2.0 months for CR, PR, M/SD and PD, respectively. The response was not significantly associated with the line of treatment. ‘Site of metastasis’ was associated with the response, and the absolute neutrophil count was borderline associated with the response. In summary, we found a substantial variance in the potential benefit from ICIs in mUC, emphasizing the need for predictive biomarkers and frequent monitoring of mUC patients receiving ICIs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances)

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Agnostic Approvals in Oncology: Getting the Right Drug to the Right Patient with the Right Genomics

Valentina Tateo

Paola Valeria Marchese

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Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(4), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040614 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2872

Abstract

(1) Background: The oncology field has drastically changed with the advent of precision medicine, led by the discovery of druggable genes or immune targets assessed through next-generation sequencing. Biomarker-based treatments are increasingly emerging, and currently, six tissue-agnostic therapies are FDA-approved. (2) Methods: We performed a review of the literature and reported the trials that led to the approval of tissue-agnostic treatments and ongoing clinical trials currently investigating novel biomarker-based approaches. (3) Results: We discussed the approval of agnostic treatments: pembrolizumab and dostarlimab for MMRd/MSI-H, pembrolizumab for TMB-H, larotrectinib and entrectinib for NTRK-fusions, dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutation, and selpercatinib for RET fusions. In addition, we reported novel clinical trials of biomarker-based approaches, including ALK, HER2, FGFR, and NRG1. (4) Conclusions: Precision medicine is constantly evolving, and with the improvement of diagnostic tools that allow a wider genomic definition of the tumor, tissue-agnostic targeted therapies are a promising treatment strategy tailored to the specific tumor genomic profile, leading to improved survival outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances)

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Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Scleroderma and Scleroderma Mimics

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Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(2), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020259 - 08 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the standard of care for various malignancies and have been associated with a wide spectrum of complications that are phenotypically akin to primary autoimmune diseases. While the literature on these toxicities is growing, there is a paucity of data regarding ICI-associated scleroderma which can carry significant morbidity and limit the ability to continue effective ICI therapy. Our review aimed to analyze the current literature on ICI-associated systemic scleroderma (ICI-SSc) and key scleroderma mimics. Cases of ICI-SSc had notable differences from primary SSc, such as fewer vascular features and less seropositivity (such as scleroderma-specific antibodies and antinuclear antibodies). We found that patients with a diagnosis of SSc prior to the start of ICI can also experience flares of pre-existing disease after ICI treatment used for their cancer. Regarding scleroderma mimics, several cases of ICI-eosinophilic fasciitis have also been described with variable clinical presentations and courses. We found no cases of scleroderma mimics: ICI-scleromyxedema or ICI-scleroedema. There is a critical need for multi-institutional efforts to collaborate on developing a patient database and conducting robust, prospective research on ICI-scleroderma. This will ultimately facilitate more effective clinical evaluations and management for ICI-scleroderma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances)

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Role of Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Konstantin H. Dragnev

Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020233 - 03 Feb 2023

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Abstract

The neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being increasingly adopted, but questions about the most appropriate applications remain. Although patients with resectable NSCLC are often treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapies +/− radiotherapy, they still have a high risk of recurrence and death. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4) have provided a new and effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Therefore, it is possible that ICIs for early-stage NSCLC may follow the pattern established in metastatic disease. Currently, there are several ongoing trials to determine the efficacy in the neoadjuvant setting for patients with local or regional disease. To date, only nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy has been approved by the U.S. FDA in the preoperative setting, but data continue to evolve rapidly, and treatment guidelines need to be determined. In this article, we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence on neoadjuvant ICIs alone and combination in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances)

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Special Issue "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances"

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