Development of Medicines for Rare Pediatric Diseases II

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 1635

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
Interests: retinoids; drug delivery systems; polymeric micelles; liposomes; passive targeting; active targeting; poorly soluble drugs; formulation strategies; cancer; neuroblastoma; melanoma; tumor mouse models; oncology; apoptosis
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Guest Editor
Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
Interests: cell biology; extracellular vesicles; tumors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is estimated that up to 7000 rare diseases exist, affecting between 6% and 8% of the global population and >30 million people in the European Union. Symptoms often occur early at birth or during childhood and may progressively increase, becoming chronic or relapsing, leading to life-threatening conditions. In fact, 75% of rare diseases are known to affect children, and about 3 out of 10 of these children die before reaching 5 years of age. Therefore, incentivizing medicine development is crucial for this subset of the population, who is disproportionately affected by rare diseases. Furthermore, only 5% of rare diseases have effective treatment options, which leaves 95% of rare diseases without any approved medicines. Since both the Orphan Regulation, first, and the Paediatric Regulation, later, came into force, the development of medicinal products suitable for pediatrics has consistently increased, but much more needs to be done. To date, our medical and scientific knowledge on rare diseases remains limited, and the absence of approved treatment options has led physicians and pharmacists to the harmful off-label use of medicines. This Special Issue is addressed to all researchers and partners involved in the development of pediatric medicines, with the aim of collecting opinions from industry, regulators, academia, and hospitals, thus contributing to providing solutions to the unmet pediatric needs.

We welcome original research, reviews, opinion papers, editorials, or short communications on the following topics:

  • Pediatric formulations;
  • Drug-delivery design in pediatrics;
  • Orphan drugs;
  • Rare-disease treatment;
  • The pharmacology and toxicology of drugs and excipients in pediatrics;
  • Translational research in pediatrics;
  • Pediatric drug targeting;
  • Extemporaneous pediatric preparations compounded in hospital pharmacies.

Dr. Guendalina Zuccari
Dr. Danilo Marimpietri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • pediatric formulations
  • drug-delivery design in pediatrics
  • orphan drugs
  • rare-disease treatment
  • the pharmacology and toxicology of drugs and excipients in pediatrics
  • translational research in pediatrics
  • pediatric drug targeting
  • extemporaneous pediatric preparations compounded in hospital pharmacies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 666 KiB  
Article
Mucoadhesive Budesonide Solution for the Treatment of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
by Antonio Spennacchio, Antonio Lopalco, Giuseppe Francesco Racaniello, Annalisa Cutrignelli, Flavia Maria la Forgia, Sergio Fontana, Fernanda Cristofori, Ruggiero Francavilla, Angela Assunta Lopedota and Nunzio Denora
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(5), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17050550 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Eosinophilic Esophagitis is an antigen-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by thickening of the esophageal wall, leading to dysphagia, vomiting, reflux, and abdominal pain. This disease can be treated with a therapeutic approach ranging from diet to pharmacological therapy. Jorveza® (budesonide) and Dupixent® [...] Read more.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis is an antigen-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by thickening of the esophageal wall, leading to dysphagia, vomiting, reflux, and abdominal pain. This disease can be treated with a therapeutic approach ranging from diet to pharmacological therapy. Jorveza® (budesonide) and Dupixent® (dupilumab) are treatments for Eosinophilic Esophagitis approved by the European Medicines Agency in adults but not in children. Budesonide-based extemporaneous oral liquid suspensions could be prepared for pediatric use. The main limit of this formulation is that budesonide needs a longer residence time on the esophageal mucosa to solubilize and diffuse in it to exert its local anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, we propose the development of an extemporaneous mucoadhesive oral budesonide solution for the pediatric population. A liquid vehicle containing hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a complexing agent and carboxymethylcellulose sodium as a mucoadhesive excipient was used to prepare budesonide-based formulations. A stable solution at a concentration of 0.7 mg/mL was successfully prepared and characterized. The formulation showed rheological and mucoadhesive properties suitable for an Eosinophilic Esophagitis local prolonged treatment. In this way, pharmacists can prepare stable budesonide-based mucoadhesive solutions, providing both patients and physicians with a new therapeutic option for Eosinophilic Esophagitis pediatric treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Medicines for Rare Pediatric Diseases II)
17 pages, 4591 KiB  
Article
Harmaline to Human Mitochondrial Caseinolytic Serine Protease Activation for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treatment
by Morena Miciaccia, Francesca Rizzo, Antonella Centonze, Gianfranco Cavallaro, Marialessandra Contino, Domenico Armenise, Olga Maria Baldelli, Roberta Solidoro, Savina Ferorelli, Pasquale Scarcia, Gennaro Agrimi, Veronica Zingales, Elisa Cimetta, Simone Ronsisvalle, Federica Maria Sipala, Paola Loguercio Polosa, Cosimo Gianluca Fortuna, Maria Grazia Perrone and Antonio Scilimati
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010135 - 19 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), affecting children aged 4–7 years, is a rare, aggressive tumor that originates in the pons and then spreads to nearby tissue. DIPG is the leading cause of death for pediatric brain tumors due to its infiltrative nature and [...] Read more.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), affecting children aged 4–7 years, is a rare, aggressive tumor that originates in the pons and then spreads to nearby tissue. DIPG is the leading cause of death for pediatric brain tumors due to its infiltrative nature and inoperability. Radiotherapy has only a palliative effect on stabilizing symptoms. In silico and preclinical studies identified ONC201 as a cytotoxic agent against some human cancer cell lines, including DIPG ones. A single-crystal X-ray analysis of the complex of the human mitochondrial caseinolytic serine protease type C (hClpP) and ONC201 (PDB ID: 6DL7) allowed hClpP to be identified as its main target. The hyperactivation of hClpP causes damage to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. In some DIPG patients receiving ONC201, an acquired resistance was observed. In this context, a wide program was initiated to discover original scaffolds for new hClpP activators to treat ONC201-non-responding patients. Harmaline, a small molecule belonging to the chemical class of β-carboline, was identified through Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins (FLAP), a structure-based virtual screening approach. Molecular dynamics simulations and a deep in vitro investigation showed interesting information on the interaction and activation of hClpP by harmaline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Medicines for Rare Pediatric Diseases II)
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