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Pathogens
Special Issues
Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments
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Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10816

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anna Annunziata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pneumology, Monaldi Hospital of Naples, AO deiColli, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: COPD; alpha1-antitrysin deficiency; COVID-19
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pierpaolo Di Micco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UOC Medicina, Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: immunology; vascular medicine; cardiology; infectious disease; neurology; coagulation and clinical laboratory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppe Fiorentino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pneumology, Monaldi Hospital of Naples, AO deiColli, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: lung failure; COVID-19; assisted ventilation
Dr. Antonio M. Esquinas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
Interests: mechanical ventilation; ICU; critical care medicine; ventilation; emergency management; chronic heart failure; cardiac function; airway management; hemodynamics; emergency treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID era induced all of us to increase our ability to manage increased hospitalization rates for lung failure, to support patients with different type of non-invasive ventilation and to have a look toward frequent clinical complications, such as pulmonary embolism and overlapping infections as bacterial or fungal over-infections.

Therefore, this issue of pathogens is dedicated to these relevant clinical aspects of our daily clinical practice 2 years after the beginning of the pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern.

Dr. Anna Annunziata
Dr. Pierpaolo Di Micco
Dr. Giuseppe Fiorentino
Dr. Antonio M. Esquinas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung failure
  • COVID-19
  • therapeutic ventilation
  • NIV
  • antibiotic stewardship
  • pulmonary embolism
  • aspergillosis
  • mycosis
  • interstitial pneumonia

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 572 KiB  
Article
Evolution of the Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Unvaccinated Patients Affected by Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia from the Pre-Vaccination to the Post-Vaccination Waves in Italy
by Cecilia Calabrese, Anna Annunziata, Domenica Francesca Mariniello, Antonietta Coppola, Angela Irene Mirizzi, Francesca Simioli, Corrado Pelaia, Lidia Atripaldi, Gaia Pugliese, Salvatore Guarino and Giuseppe Fiorentino
Pathogens 2022, 11(7), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070793 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
The vaccination campaign and the new SARS-CoV-2 variants may have changed the clinical profile and outcomes of patients admitted to sub-intensive unit care. We conducted a retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological features of unvaccinated critical COVID-19 patients hospitalized during [...] Read more.
The vaccination campaign and the new SARS-CoV-2 variants may have changed the clinical profile and outcomes of patients admitted to sub-intensive unit care. We conducted a retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological features of unvaccinated critical COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the last pandemic wave (December 2021–February 2022, No-Vax group) and before starting the vaccination campaign (March–December 2020, Pre-Vax group). The No-Vax group was also compared with vaccinated patients of the same pandemic wave (Vax group). With respect to the Pre-Vax group, the No-Vax group contained a higher percentage of smokers (p = 0.0007) and a lower prevalence of males (p = 0.0003). At admission, the No-Vax patients showed both a higher CT score of pneumonia and a worse severe respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). In the No-Vax group, a higher percentage of deaths occurred, though this was not significant. In comparison with the No-Vax group, the Vax patients were older (p = 0.0097), with a higher Charlson comorbidity index (p < 0.0001) and a significantly lower HRCT score (p = 0.0015). The percentage of deaths was not different between the two groups. The No-Vax patients showed a more severe disease in comparison with the Pre-Vax patients, and were younger and had fewer comorbidities than the Vax patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments)
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9 pages, 866 KiB  
Article
Associated-Onset Symptoms and Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors Infected with Wuhan, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant
by César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo, Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez, Victor Gómez-Mayordomo, Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero, José D. Martín-Guerrero, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Lars Arendt-Nielsen and Juan Torres-Macho
Pathogens 2022, 11(7), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070725 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3082
Abstract
This study compared associated-symptoms at the acute phase of infection and post-COVID-19 symptoms between individuals hospitalized with the Wuhan, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Non-vaccinated individuals hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in one hospital during three different waves of the pandemic (Wuhan, Alpha [...] Read more.
This study compared associated-symptoms at the acute phase of infection and post-COVID-19 symptoms between individuals hospitalized with the Wuhan, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Non-vaccinated individuals hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in one hospital during three different waves of the pandemic (Wuhan, Alpha or Delta) were scheduled for a telephone interview. The presence of post-COVID-19 symptoms was systematically assessed. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from medical records. A total of 201 patients infected with the Wuhan variant, 211 with the Alpha variant and 202 with Delta variant were assessed six months after hospitalization. Patients infected with the Wuhan variant had a greater number of symptoms at hospital admission (higher prevalence of fever, dyspnea or gastrointestinal problems) than those infected with Alpha or Delta variant (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of patients infected with the Delta variant reported headache, anosmia or ageusia as onset symptoms (p < 0.01). The mean number of post-COVID-19 symptoms was higher (p < 0.001) in individuals infected with the Wuhan variant (mean: 2.7 ± 1.3) than in those infected with the Alpha (mean: 1.8 ± 1.1) or Delta (mean: 2.1 ± 1.5) variant. Post-COVID-19 dyspnea was more prevalent (p < 0.001) in people infected with the Wuhan variant, whereas hair loss was higher in those infected with the Delta variant (p = 0.002). No differences in post-COVID-19 fatigue by SARS-CoV-2 variant were found (p = 0.594). Differences in COVID-19 associated onset symptoms and post-COVID-19 dyspnea were observed depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant. The presence of fatigue was a common post-COVID-19 symptom to all SARS-CoV-2 variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments)
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6 pages, 207 KiB  
Case Report
Mild COVID-19 in an APECED Patient with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) and High Titer of Type 1 IFN-Abs: A Case Report
by Mariella Valenzise, Simone Foti Randazzese, Fabio Toscano, Fortunato Lombardo, Giuseppina Salzano, Cristina Pajno, Malgorzata Wasniewska, Antonio Cascio and Maureen A Su
Pathogens 2023, 12(3), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030403 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1418
Abstract
Autoimmune-Poly-Endocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED), caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene, is an autosomal recessive multi-organ autoimmunity syndrome usually defined by high serum titers of type I Interferon Autoantibodies (Type 1 IFN-Abs). These antibodies have recently been found in individuals in the [...] Read more.
Autoimmune-Poly-Endocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED), caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene, is an autosomal recessive multi-organ autoimmunity syndrome usually defined by high serum titers of type I Interferon Autoantibodies (Type 1 IFN-Abs). These antibodies have recently been found in individuals in the general population who develop life-threatening Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the significance of pre-existing Type 1 IFN-Abs in APECED patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. Previous reports of COVID-19 outcomes in APECED patients have been divergent, and protective roles have been proposed for female sex, age <26 years, and immunomodulatory medications including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). We report the case of a 30-year-old male APECED patient who experienced a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with mild symptoms of fatigue and headache without respiratory distress and did not require hospitalization. He received a stress dose of hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency and continued on his baseline medications, including subcutaneous administration of Immunoglobulins (SCIgs) for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Mild COVID-19 in a 30-year-old male patient with APECED and pre-existing Type 1 IFN-Abs was unexpected. Younger age and management of autoimmunity may have played a role. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments)
9 pages, 2368 KiB  
Case Report
Monkeypox Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosis: First Case in Campania Region
by Novella Carannante, Claudia Tiberio, Raffaele Bellopede, Michela Liguori, Filomena Di Martino, Nicola Maturo, Raffaele Di Sarno, Sabrina Scarica, Giovanna Fusco, Lorena Cardillo, Claudio de Martinis, Luigi Atripaldi and Alessandro Perrella
Pathogens 2022, 11(8), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080869 - 01 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4174
Abstract
As of 15 June, there have been, globally, a total of 2103 laboratory-confirmed cases and one probable case of Monkeypox, including one death. We report two cases of vesicular infectious diseases, one of those is the first case of Monkeypox in the Campania [...] Read more.
As of 15 June, there have been, globally, a total of 2103 laboratory-confirmed cases and one probable case of Monkeypox, including one death. We report two cases of vesicular infectious diseases, one of those is the first case of Monkeypox in the Campania Region. The report, therefore, highlights a recrudescent infection disease that could represent a challenge in differential diagnosis with other vesicular infectious diseases such as Varicella Zoster Virus, during a pandemic season that does not seem to end. Indeed, varicella should be carefullu considered in differential diagnosis according to its vesicular or pustular rash to have a prompt diagnosis and public health response in case of monkeypox infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Over-Infections in COVID-19 Era: Diagnostics and Treatments)
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