Special Issue "New Strategies for the Prevention, Control, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases"

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitic Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 February 2024 | Viewed by 2855

Special Issue Editors

Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
Interests: drug discovery; parasitic disease; immune response
Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
Interests: chagas disease; nitric oxide; macrophages; eicosanoids; cytokines; immune response
Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
Interests: microbiology; protozoology; diagnosis; drug discovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people globally, and remain some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the factors particular to these diseases, prevention/control, diagnosis, and treatment are perhaps the most explored subjects. Today, these issues, isolated or in combination, constitute the goals of researchers worldwide.

This year, on January 30th, during the celebration of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) called on leaders and the scientific community to unite and face the problems surrounding NTDs. In addition, the theme “Achieving equity in health to end neglect of poverty-related diseases” was launched. Therefore, efforts must be focused on strengthening interventions that promote equitable health services for all.

The Special Issue of Pathogens on NTDs will focus on the discovery and development of new interventions, insight into the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of NTDs, and improvements in the current intervention strategies for their treatment, control, and elimination.

Areas covered by this Special Issue will include, but are not limited to:

  • The discovery and development of new drugs;
  • Diagnostics or biological interventions;
  • Translational research to support progression into new interventions;
  • Clinical trials and implementation and operational research to evaluate efficacy, scale-up, and impact.

We invite all researchers working on prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to participate with us in the elaboration of not only a Special Issue, but the construction of a document that can serve as a source of scientific knowledge to promote the interventions needed.

Prof. Dr. Wander Rogério Pavanelli
Prof. Dr. Phileno Pinge-Filho
Dr. Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tropical disease
  • prevention
  • control
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3967 KiB  
Article
The Therapeutic Potential of Angeli’s Salt in Mitigating Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081063 - 19 Aug 2023
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. Infected patients are treated to eliminate the parasite, reduce the cardiomyopathy risk, and interrupt the disease transmission cycle. The World Health Organization recognizes benznidazole (BZ) and [...] Read more.
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. Infected patients are treated to eliminate the parasite, reduce the cardiomyopathy risk, and interrupt the disease transmission cycle. The World Health Organization recognizes benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox as effective drugs for CD treatment. In the chronic phase, both drugs have low cure rates and serious side effects. T. cruzi infection causes intense tissue inflammation that controls parasite proliferation and CD evolution. Compounds that liberate nitric oxide (NO) (NO donors) have been used as anti-T. cruzi therapeutics. Currently, there is no evidence that nitroxyl (HNO) affects T. cruzi infection outcomes. This study investigated the effects of the HNO donor Angeli’s salt (AS) on C57BL/6 mice infected with T. cruzi (Y strain, 5 × 103 trypomastigotes, intraperitoneally). AS reduced the number of parasites in the bloodstream and heart nests and increased the protective antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes in infected animals, reducing disease severity. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that AS treatment reduced parasite uptake and trypomastigote release by macrophages. Taken together, these findings from the murine model and in vitro testing suggest that AS could be a promising therapy for CD. Full article
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15 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
Antiprotozoal Activity of Benzoylthiourea Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into Mechanism of Action
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081012 - 03 Aug 2023
Viewed by 751
Abstract
For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported [...] Read more.
For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported that N-(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-1), N-(tert-butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-2), and (4-bromo-N-(3-nitrophenyl) carbamothioyl benzamide (BTU-3) present selective antiprotozoal activity against all developmental forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds through microscopy and biochemical analyses. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed nuclear disorganization, changes in the plasma membrane with the appearance of blebs and extracellular arrangements, intense vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, and formation of myelin-like structures. Biochemical results showed changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species content, lipid peroxidation, and plasma membrane fluidity. In addition, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was observed. These findings indicate that BTU-1, BTU-2, and BTU-3 induced profound morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical alterations in epimastigote forms, triggering an autophagic-dependent cell death pathway. Full article
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17 pages, 3163 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Antileishmanial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Action on Leishmania amazonensis
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050660 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1107
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from Origanum [...] Read more.
American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from Origanum vulgare, have been extensively researched due to biological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp), a nanomaterial with compelling antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, have been shown to exhibit potent leishmanicidal properties. We evaluated the in vitro effect of OEO and AgNp-Bio association on L. amazonensis and the death mechanisms of the parasite involved. Our results demonstrated a synergistic antileishmanial effect of OEO + AgNp on promastigote forms and L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, which induced morphological and ultrastructural changes in promastigotes. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanisms underlying parasite death and showed an increase in NO, ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of lipid-storage bodies, autophagic vacuoles, phosphatidylserine exposure, and damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the association resulted in a reduction in the percentage of infected cells and the number of amastigotes per macrophage. In conclusion, our findings establish that OEO + AgNp elicits a late apoptosis-like mechanism to combat promastigote forms and promotes ROS and NO production in infected macrophages to target intracellular amastigote forms. Full article
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