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Pathogens
Special Issues
One Health: New Approaches, Research and Innovation to Zoonoses
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One Health: New Approaches, Research and Innovation to Zoonoses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 5069

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chrysa Voyiatzaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Scinences, University of West Attica, Egaleo Park Campus, Agiou Spiridonos Str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
Interests: parasitology; drug resistance; zoonoses; animal welfare; one health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans. Zoonotic pathogens may be bacterial, viral or parasitic or may involve unconventional agents and can spread to humans through direct contact or through food, water or the environment. They represent a major public health problem around the world due to our close relationship with animals in agriculture, as companions and in the natural environment.

The overall goal of this Special Issue is the presentation of research and innovation for an improved comprehension of zoonoses focusing on the human–animal–environment interaction, covering the role of bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal and prion infections, as well as wildlife and other vectors (including arthropods), in the (re-)emergence and transmission of zoonotic pathogens.

Dr. Chrysa Voyiatzaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zoonoses
  • human–animal–environment interaction
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • parasites
  • prion
  • virus

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

12 pages, 2483 KiB  
Article
Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the Fasciola hepatica Carboxylesterase Type B Gene and Their Potential Role in Anthelmintic Resistance
by Estefan Miranda-Miranda, Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar, Lauro Trejo-Castro and Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
Pathogens 2023, 12(10), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101255 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 882
Abstract
The expression of the Fasciola hepatica carboxylesterase type B (CestB) gene is known to be induced upon exposure to the anthelmintic triclabendazole (TCBZ), leading to a substantial rise in enzyme-specific activity. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the CestB gene displays variations that can [...] Read more.
The expression of the Fasciola hepatica carboxylesterase type B (CestB) gene is known to be induced upon exposure to the anthelmintic triclabendazole (TCBZ), leading to a substantial rise in enzyme-specific activity. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the CestB gene displays variations that can potentially result in radical amino acid substitutions at the ligand binding site. These substitutions hold the potential to impact both the ligand–protein interaction and the catalytic properties of the enzyme. Thus, the objective of our study was to identify novel CestB polymorphisms in TCBZ-resistant parasites and field isolates obtained from a highly endemic region in Central Mexico. Additionally, we aimed to assess these amino acid polymorphisms using 3D modeling against the metabolically oxidized form of the anthelmintic TCBZSOX. Our goal was to observe the formation of TCBZSOX-specific binding pockets that might provide insights into the role of CestB in the mechanism of anthelmintic resistance. We identified polymorphisms in TCBZ-resistant parasites that exhibited three radical amino acid substitutions at positions 147, 215, and 263. These substitutions resulted in the formation of a TCBZSOX-affinity pocket with the potential to bind the anthelmintic drug. Furthermore, our 3D modeling analysis revealed that these amino acid substitutions also influenced the configuration of the CestB catalytic site, leading to alterations in the enzyme’s interaction with chromogenic carboxylic ester substrates and potentially affecting its catalytic properties. However, it is important to note that the TCBZSOX-binding pocket, while significant for drug binding, was located separate from the enzyme’s catalytic site, rendering enzymatic hydrolysis of TCBZSOX impossible. Nonetheless, the observed increased affinity for the anthelmintic may provide an explanation for a drug sequestration type of anthelmintic resistance. These findings lay the groundwork for the future development of a molecular diagnostic tool to identify anthelmintic resistance in F. hepatica. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health: New Approaches, Research and Innovation to Zoonoses)
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9 pages, 279 KiB  
Article
The Relationship of Latent Toxoplasmosis and Cigarette Smoking: Seroprevalence, Risk Factor, and Case-Control Study in Fars Province, Southern Iran
by Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Sareh Sami Jahromi, Amir Hossein Radfar, Amir Masoud Salemi, Naghmeh Dastan and Qasem Asgari
Pathogens 2022, 11(11), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111274 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide prevalence. Despite the relatively similar effects of toxoplasmosis and smoking on alteration in neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, little is known about the relation of Toxoplasma gondii infection and addiction to cigarette smoking. Therefore, the main objective of [...] Read more.
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide prevalence. Despite the relatively similar effects of toxoplasmosis and smoking on alteration in neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, little is known about the relation of Toxoplasma gondii infection and addiction to cigarette smoking. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and smoking. Through a case-control study, 216 regular cigarette smokers and 324 nonsmoker age- and gender-matched subjects were evaluated for anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During the sampling, a structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic information of participants and the risk factors of acquired Toxoplasma. The median ages of case and control groups were 51.04 ± 18.1 (22–97 years) and 51.03 ± 16.5 (21–89 years), respectively (p = 0.99). Anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 44 (20.37%) cases and in 135 (41.67%) controls. There was a statistically significant difference for the positivity rate between the smokers and the control group (OR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.19–0.65; and p = 0.001). The overall prevalence was 33.14%. This study indicated the inverse association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma infection and cigarette smoking. This relationship could be due to the changes that latent toxoplasmosis has on the neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, which needs more research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health: New Approaches, Research and Innovation to Zoonoses)

Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 286 KiB  
Review
The Importance of the One Health Concept in Combating Zoonoses
by Elina Horefti
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12080977 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2020
Abstract
One Health fundamentally acknowledges that human health is linked to animal health and the environment. One of the pillars One Health is built on is zoonoses. Through the years, zoonotic infections have caused numerous outbreaks and pandemics, as well as millions of fatalities, [...] Read more.
One Health fundamentally acknowledges that human health is linked to animal health and the environment. One of the pillars One Health is built on is zoonoses. Through the years, zoonotic infections have caused numerous outbreaks and pandemics, as well as millions of fatalities, with the COVID-19 pandemic being the latest one. Apart from the consequences to public health, zoonoses also affect society and the economy. Since its establishment, One Health has contributed significantly to the protection of humans, animals, and the environment, through preparedness, surveillance, and mitigation of such public dangers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health: New Approaches, Research and Innovation to Zoonoses)
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