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Pathogens
Special Issues
Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases
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Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 14589

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Susanna Sternberg Lewerin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: infection epidemiology; disease prevention and control; animal infections; antimicrobial resistance; One Health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of infectious animal diseases, particularly in a One Health context, is becoming more and more obvious to a wide range of stakeholders. While our understanding of the causative pathogens has increased, there are still many knowledge gaps. In addition, previously unknown as well as re-emerging pathogens in new settings present new challenges. New diagnostic tools, powerful techniques for data management and analysis, and access to more detailed information about animal populations and animal production systems present opportunities for scientific advances to support the prevention and control of these diseases. Following up with interventions and assessing their effectiveness, costs, and societal impact also require scientific input and the sharing of knowledge and experiences. To meet future challenges, advanced research within specific scientific disciplines as well as transdisciplinary research are needed.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to submit reviews or original contributions within the area of disease surveillance, prevention, and control, focusing on infectious animal diseases with significant impact on society. Subjects that may be addressed include the application of new scientific tools to old issues, or old tools to new issues, in the context of population-level management of animal diseases that cause significant mortality and/or production losses, or affect human health. Technical advances, governance, systematic approaches, socioeconomics, statistical and epidemiological models, and other aspects related to infectious animal diseases and their management are all relevant for this Issue, which will take a transdisciplinary approach to the various aspects of infectious animal diseases.

We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Susanna Sternberg Lewerin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surveillance
  • diagnostics
  • test characteristics
  • disease modelling
  • disease eradication
  • outbreak management
  • animal movement
  • freedom from disease
  • cost-benefit
  • economic effects
  • preparedness
  • detection
  • vaccination
  • culling
  • perception
  • knowledge
  • risk management policy
  • risk assessment
  • legal framework

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 3703 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Spread and Effects of Mitigation Strategies to Support Veterinary Contingency Planning in Denmark
by Beate Conrady, Sten Mortensen, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Hans Houe, Francisco Fernando Calvo-Artavia, Johanne Ellis-Iversen and Anette Boklund
Pathogens 2023, 12(3), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030435 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1971
Abstract
To forge a path towards livestock disease emergency preparedness in Denmark, 15 different strategies to mitigate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) were examined by modelling epidemics initiated in cattle, pig or small ruminant herds across various production systems located in four different Danish regions (Scenario [...] Read more.
To forge a path towards livestock disease emergency preparedness in Denmark, 15 different strategies to mitigate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) were examined by modelling epidemics initiated in cattle, pig or small ruminant herds across various production systems located in four different Danish regions (Scenario 1), or in one specific livestock production system within each of the three species geographically distributed throughout Denmark (Scenario 2). When additional mitigation strategies were implemented on top of basic control strategies in the European foot-and-mouth disease spread model (EuFMDiS), no significant benefits were predicted in terms of the number of infected farms, the epidemic control duration, and the total economic cost. Further, the model results indicated that the choice of index herd, the resources for outbreak control, and the detection time of FMD significantly influenced the course of an epidemic. The present study results emphasise the importance of basic mitigation strategies, including an effective back-and-forward traceability system, adequate resources for outbreak response, and a high level of awareness among farmers and veterinarians concerning the detection and reporting of FMD at an early stage of an outbreak for FMD control in Denmark. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases)
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10 pages, 783 KiB  
Article
First Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis in Free Ranging European Wild Boar in Sweden
by Linda Ernholm, Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin, Erik Ågren, Karl Ståhl and Cecilia Hultén
Pathogens 2022, 11(7), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070723 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
Following the first detection of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) in a Swedish pig herd for more than 40 years and subsequent detection of the same serotype in an enclosure with kept wild boar, a national surveillance [...] Read more.
Following the first detection of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) in a Swedish pig herd for more than 40 years and subsequent detection of the same serotype in an enclosure with kept wild boar, a national surveillance for S. Choleraesuis in free living wild boar was launched. A total of 633 wild boar sampled within the active and the enhanced passive surveillance were examined for Salmonella enterica serovars by culture. Of these, 80 animals were culture positive for S. Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf. All positive animals, including those in the original outbreaks, originated from counties located in the southern and eastern parts of Sweden. Fifty-eight isolates were selected for sequence typing, revealing a relatively homogenous population of S. Choleraesuis with two distinct genetic clusters containing isolates from the southern counties in one and the counties further northeast in the other. Sequenced isolates from domestic pig farms all clustered with wild boar in the same region. S. Choleraesuis appears highly contagious in dense wild boar populations, making it a relevant model for other infectious diseases that may be transmitted to pigs. The many potential routes of introduction and spread of S. Choleraesuis warrant further investigations in order to prepare for other disease threats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases)
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9 pages, 227 KiB  
Communication
African Swine Fever Outbreak Investigations—The Significance of Disease-Related Anecdotal Information Coming from Laypersons
by Kristīne Lamberga, Felix Ardelean, Sandra Blome, Paulius Busauskas, Boban Djuric, Anja Globig, Vittorio Guberti, Aleksandra Miteva, Edvins Oļševskis, Mārtiņš Seržants, Arvo Viltrop, Laura Zani, Anna Zdravkova and Klaus Depner
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060702 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
Veterinarians who have conducted numerous investigations of African swine fever outbreaks in pig farms in various European countries over the years shared their experiences during a workshop in Germany in early 2020. One focus was on the so-called “anecdotal information” obtained from farmers, [...] Read more.
Veterinarians who have conducted numerous investigations of African swine fever outbreaks in pig farms in various European countries over the years shared their experiences during a workshop in Germany in early 2020. One focus was on the so-called “anecdotal information” obtained from farmers, farm workers or other lay people during the outbreak investigations. Discussions revolved around how to correctly interpret and classify such information and how the subjective character of the statements can influence follow-up examinations. The statements of the lay persons were grouped into three categories according to their plausibility: (i) statements that were plausible and prompted further investigation, (ii) statements that were not plausible and could therefore be ignored, and (iii) statements that were rather implausible but should not be ignored completely. The easiest to deal with were statements that could be classified without doubt as important and very plausible and statements that were not plausible at all. Particularly difficult to assess were statements that had a certain plausibility and could not be immediately dismissed out of hand. We aim to show that during outbreak investigations, one is confronted with human subjective stories that are difficult to interpret but still important to understand the overall picture. Here, we present and briefly discuss an arbitrary selection of reports made by lay persons during outbreak investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases)
10 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
RAPD-PCR-Based Fingerprinting Method as a Tool for Epidemiological Analysis of Trueperella pyogenes Infections
by Ilona Stefańska, Ewelina Kwiecień, Małgorzata Górzyńska, Agnieszka Sałamaszyńska-Guz and Magdalena Rzewuska
Pathogens 2022, 11(5), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050562 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3574
Abstract
In this study, a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) method for genetic typing of Trueperella pyogenes, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, was designed. The method optimization was performed for 37 clinical T. pyogenes strains isolated from various infections in different animal [...] Read more.
In this study, a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) method for genetic typing of Trueperella pyogenes, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, was designed. The method optimization was performed for 37 clinical T. pyogenes strains isolated from various infections in different animal species. Optimal conditions for reliable and reproducible DNA fingerprinting were determined according to the modified Taguchi method. The developed method was assessed regarding its typeability, reproducibility, and discriminatory power using the Hunter’s and Gatsons’ index of discrimination. A high degree of genetic diversity was shown between the studied strains, which represented 31 genotypes. The generated RAPD profiles were relatively complex and simultaneously easy to interpret due to the wide size range of amplicons. The discriminatory index of the designed method was sufficiently high; thus, only strains epidemiologically related displayed identical RAPD genotypes. In conclusion, the DNA fingerprinting of T. pyogenes by the developed RAPD-PCR method is a reliable typing tool that may allow a better understanding of the epidemiology as well as pathogenesis of infections caused by this pathogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases)
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Review

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20 pages, 1750 KiB  
Review
Probiotics as Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Prevention and Control of Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens
by Raveendra R. Kulkarni, Carissa Gaghan, Kaitlin Gorrell, Shayan Sharif and Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060692 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry is an economically important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A bacteria. A global trend on restricting the use of antibiotics as feed supplements in food animal production has caused a spike in the NE incidences in chickens, [...] Read more.
Necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry is an economically important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A bacteria. A global trend on restricting the use of antibiotics as feed supplements in food animal production has caused a spike in the NE incidences in chickens, particularly in broiler populations. Amongst several non-antibiotic strategies for NE control tried so far, probiotics seem to offer promising avenues. The current review focuses on studies that have evaluated probiotic effects on C. perfringens growth and NE development. Several probiotic species, including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides bacteria as well as some yeast species have been tested in chickens against C. perfringens and NE development. These findings have shown to improve bird performance, reduce C. perfringens colonization and NE-associated pathology. The underlying probiotic mechanisms of NE control suggest that probiotics can help maintain a healthy gut microbial balance by modifying its composition, improve mucosal integrity by upregulating expression of tight-junction proteins, and modulate immune responses by downregulating expression of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these studies indicate that probiotics can offer a promising platform for NE control and that more investigations are needed to study whether these experimental probiotics can effectively prevent NE in commercial poultry operational settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Diseases)
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