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Pathogens
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Broad Spectrum Antivirals against Beta-Coronaviruses
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Broad Spectrum Antivirals against Beta-Coronaviruses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 4572

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lalit Batra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL), Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Interests: infection and immunity; immunotherapy; check-point inhibitors and stimulators; T cell response against SARS-CoV-2; viral immunity; translational research; clinical trials; bacterial and viral vaccines; immune mechanism behind antivirals; host-pathogen immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Divyasha Saxena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Predictive Medicine (CPM), Clinical Translational Research Building (CTRB), 505 South Hancock Street, Rm#626A, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
Interests: vaccination against SARS-CoV-2; antiviral research; host–pathogen interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are several types of coronaviruses, but three highly pathogenic viruses to humans are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in particular present a major threat to global public health because of their high mortality and morbidity rates (36% for MERS-CoV and 0.1% to 25% for SARS-CoV-2). MERS-CoV mainly infects the lower respiratory airway (via DPP4 receptor), while SARS-CoV-2 mainly the upper respiratory pathways (via ACE2 receptors), but both are associated with severe respiratory distress syndrome in humans. There is an urgent need to look for natural antiviral compounds that are effective against broad coronavirus infection.

We are pleased to invite all kinds of original manuscripts on the evaluation of novel antivirals against the Coronaviridae family, including studies on in vitro infection (live virus infection, possibly Omicron, and new emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs or pseudovirus infection), mechanism of antiviral compounds, evaluation against respiratory 3D tissue models, immune-modulation following antiviral treatment, and in vivo efficacy of animal models.

Dr. Lalit Batra
Dr. Divyasha Saxena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • antivirals
  • Omicron
  • pseudovirus
  • mechanism of antivirals
  • 3D tissue models
  • organoids
  • immunomodulation
  • IFN response
  • animal models

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 210 KiB  
Editorial
Broad-Spectrum Antivirals against Multiple Human and Animal Coronaviruses Infection
by Divyasha Saxena, Lalit Batra and Shailendra Kumar Verma
Pathogens 2023, 12(6), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060823 - 11 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
Among the seven coronaviruses that infect humans, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 usually cause mild and common cold symptoms; however, infection with three coronaviruses, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV], and the newly identified severe acute [...] Read more.
Among the seven coronaviruses that infect humans, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 usually cause mild and common cold symptoms; however, infection with three coronaviruses, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV], and the newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], often results in respiratory distress, cytokine storm and multiorgan failure [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Broad Spectrum Antivirals against Beta-Coronaviruses)

Research

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17 pages, 5064 KiB  
Article
An Abies Extract Containing Nonvolatile Polyphenols Shows Virucidal Activity against SARS-CoV-2 That Is Enhanced in Increased pH Conditions
by Imane Maaroufi, Dulamjav Jamsransuren, Koh Hashida, Sachiko Matsuda, Haruko Ogawa and Yohei Takeda
Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091093 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 922
Abstract
Researching the beneficial health properties of wood byproducts can prevent wastage by turning them into valuable resources. In this study, the virucidal activity of two extracts from Abies sachalinensis byproducts, ASE1, and ASE2, against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated. [...] Read more.
Researching the beneficial health properties of wood byproducts can prevent wastage by turning them into valuable resources. In this study, the virucidal activity of two extracts from Abies sachalinensis byproducts, ASE1, and ASE2, against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated. ASE1 is rich in monoterpenoid volatile compounds, whereas ASE2 contains nonvolatile polyphenols. SARS-CoV-2 solutions were mixed with ASE1 or ASE2, and viral titer reduction was evaluated. At their original acidic pH, ASE2 showed stronger virucidal activity than ASE1. The virucidal activity of ASE2 was also significantly enhanced when pH was increased to neutral or basic, which was not the case for ASE1. At a neutral pH, ASE2 induced statistically significant viral titer reduction in 1 min. HCl and NaOH solutions, which had a pH close to that of acidic and basic ASE2 test mixtures, respectively, exhibited no virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicron showed the highest vulnerability to ASE2. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and electron microscopic analysis revealed that neutral ASE2 interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and moderately disrupts the SARS-CoV-2 genome and viral envelope. These findings reveal the virucidal potential of ASE2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Broad Spectrum Antivirals against Beta-Coronaviruses)
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Review

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9 pages, 610 KiB  
Review
Challenges of COPD Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Sheng-Wen Sun, Chang Qi and Xian-Zhi Xiong
Pathogens 2022, 11(12), 1484; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121484 - 06 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2052
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe systemic infection that is a major threat to healthcare systems worldwide. According to studies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with COVID-19 usually have a high risk of developing severe symptoms and fatality, but limited research [...] Read more.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe systemic infection that is a major threat to healthcare systems worldwide. According to studies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with COVID-19 usually have a high risk of developing severe symptoms and fatality, but limited research has addressed the poor condition of COPD patients during the pandemic. This review focuses on the underlying risk factors including innate immune dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, smoking status, precocious differentiation of T lymphocytes and immunosenescence in COPD patients which might account for their poor outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, we highlight the role of aging of the immune system, which may be the culprit of COVID-19. In brief, we list the challenges of COPD patients in this national pandemic, aiming to provide immune-related considerations to support critical processes in COPD patients during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and inspire immune therapy for these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Broad Spectrum Antivirals against Beta-Coronaviruses)
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