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Special Issue "Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals"

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A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitic Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2024 | Viewed by 2866

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Oriel Thekisoe

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Guest Editor

Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
Interests: veterinary parasitology; veterinary entomology; zoonosis

Dr. ThankGod Onyiche

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Guest Editor

1. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
2. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri 600230, Nigeria
Interests: parasitology; vector-borne diseases; ticks and tick-borne diseases; protozoan diseases; interactions in the parasite community; tick-host-pathogen interactions

Dr. Gabriel Aboge

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Guest Editor

Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053, Kenya
Interests: veterinary parasitology; veterinary pharmacology and toxicology; vector-borne diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Domestic animals such as livestock serve as an important commodity for humans as far as agricultural production is concerned, whilst others are significant companion animals. Parasite infections cause some of the most significant diseases in domestics animals. There are two groups of parasites which infest or infect animals: (i) ectoparasites, which are mainly represented by blood-sucking arthropods found on the integument of vertebrate animals such as Diptera flies, ticks, mites, lice and fleas; and (ii) endoparasites, which are divided into two groups: haemoparasites, found in the bloodstream, and those that invade erythrocytes such as protozoa, as well as parasites that infect various tissues or organs such as helminths.

This Special Issue focuses on research conducted on parasitic infections and diseases of domestic animals including livestock (cattle, sheep, goats and poultry) and companion animals (cats, dogs, rodents, camels, horses and donkeys). We invite you to submit original research or review articles reporting on basic and applied biology, epidemiology, therapeutics, vaccine studies related to parasitic infections, and/or diseases of domestic animals. This Special Issue aims to provide updated knowledge on the understanding of parasites and disease dynamics of domestic animals, and ultimately contributing to the formulation of effective control measures.

Prof. Dr. Oriel Thekisoe
Dr. ThankGod Onyiche
Dr. Gabriel Aboge
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

ectoparasites
endoparasites
haemoparasites
protozoa
helminths
host–parasite interactions
parasite–vector interactions
domestic animals

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inflicting Significant Losses in Slaughtered Animals: Exposing the Hidden Effects of Parasitic Infections

Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan

Hafiz Muhammad Zohaib

Muhammad Sohail Sajid

Hizqeel Ahmed Muzaffar

Syed Soban Hassan

Muhammad Kamran

Muhammad Hussnain Raza

and

Muhammad Haziq Bajwa

Pathogens 2023, 12(11), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111291 - 29 Oct 2023

Viewed by 599

Abstract

We started a campaign in the heart of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, to expose the hidden threats of parasitic illnesses in ruminants and the severe financial consequences associated with them. Our in-depth investigations focused on the prevalence, impact, and astounding financial losses brought on by organ contamination in slaughtered animals. Of the 384 slaughtered ruminants examined for gastrointestinal parasites, a prevalence of 44.79% was recorded. It is interesting to note that we found no conclusive association between parasitic infection and the various ruminant species under study (p > 0.05). However, goats (52.0%) had the highest numerical prevalence of parasitic infection, followed by cattle (46.1%), buffalo (46.0%), and sheep (34.7%) in that order. A significant finding (p < 0.05) showed that the majority of animals had light parasitism (46.5%), as opposed to those with moderate (30.2%) or severe loads (23.2%). Our research revealed substantial (p < 0.05) relationships between ruminant age, sex, and parasitic infection prevalence. In comparison to females (56.4%) and adults (48.1%), males (36.1%) and young (36.9%) ruminants showed considerably decreased infection rates (p < 0.05). On the other hand, we discovered a non-significant (p > 0.05) association between the months and the prevalence of parasitic infection. As a result of the condemnation of contaminated organs such as the rumen, lungs, and liver, an estimated financial loss of PKR 133,731,400 (USD = 466,939.2) was incurred. The yearly economic losses caused by liver condemnation were much greater than those caused by rumen and lung condemnation (p < 0.05). Our research not only reported a significantly higher abundance but also economic threats of the parasitic diseases among the slaughtered animals in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Our findings highlighted the critical need for preventive and therapeutic interventions for parasitic infections in animals, in order to mitigate the economic losses through strengthened animal health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals)

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17 pages, 11271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vivo Efficacy of Curcumin and Curcumin Nanoparticle in Trypanosoma congolense, Broden 1904 (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae)-Infected Mice

Nthatisi Innocentia Molefe-Nyembe

Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

and

Pathogens 2023, 12(10), 1227; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101227 - 09 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Curcumin (CUR) is known for its wide folkloric effects on various infections; however, its solubility status has remained a hindrance to its bioavailability in the host. This study evaluated the comparative effects of CUR and CUR-nanoparticle in vitro on T. congolense, T. b. brucei, and T. evansi. Additionally, CUR and CUR-nanoparticle anti-Trypanosoma efficacy were assessed in vivo against T. congolense. All the CUR-nanoparticles were two folds more effective on the T. congolense as compared to CUR in vitro, with recorded efficacy of 3.67 ± 0.31; 7.61 ± 1.22; and 6.40 ± 3.07 μM, while the CUR-nanoparticles efficacy was 1.56 ± 0.50; 28.16 ± 9.43 and 13.12 ± 0.13 μM on T. congolense, T. b. brucei, and T. evansi, respectively. Both CUR and CUR-nanoparticles displayed moderate efficacy orally. The efficacy of CUR and CUR-nanoparticles in vivo was influenced by solubility, presence of food, and treatment period. CUR-treated mice were not cured of the infection; however, the survival rate of the orally treated mice was significantly prolonged as compared with intraperitoneal-treated mice. CUR-nanoparticles resulted in significant suppression of parasitemia even though relapsed was observed. In conclusion, CUR and CUR-nanoparticles possess moderate efficacy orally on the trypanosomes as compared to the intraperitoneal treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals)

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10 pages, 2523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiological Surveillance of Hypodermosis in Cattle from Romania

Gheorghe Dărăbuș

Vasile Daniel Tomoioagă

and

Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091077 - 24 Aug 2023

Viewed by 407

Abstract

Hypodermosis, or warble fly, is an endemic parasitic disease, common in countries from the northern hemisphere. The use of effective insecticides has decreased the frequency of this parasitic disease, with untreated cattle remaining to act as reservoirs. This study focused on assessing the status of hypodermosis in northwestern Romania by means of clinical examination (skin inspection and palpation performed in order to identify nodules) conducted on a number of 11.741 cattle. The study was carried out from March until June 2021. The identified larvae were subject to molecular assays for species identification and genotyping, followed by comparison with data available in the GenBank database. The average prevalence rate of parasitism caused by Hypoderma spp. was 0.31%, with values ranging from a minimum of 0.11% to a maximum of 1.32%. The dominant age group among positive animals was the 1–3 years old category and in terms of breed distribution, most positive cases were seen in cows belonging to an indigenous breed: Bruna de Maramures. April was the most prolific month in terms of nodule count/animal. The species identified in our study by means of molecular assays was H. bovis with two haplotypes: HB3 and HB8. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals)

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16 pages, 565 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acaricide Resistance Development in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Populations against Amitraz and Deltamethrin on Communal Farms of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, South Africa

and

Pathogens 2023, 12(7), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070875 - 26 Jun 2023

Viewed by 708

Abstract

Chemical acaricides are widely used to control ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle. However, prolonged and indiscriminate use of these chemicals inevitably leads to the selection of resistant ticks. In-vitro bioassays (adult and larval immersion tests) were conducted to assess amitraz and deltamethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations from communal farms of the King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality of South Africa. Data generated on percentage inhibition of oviposition (%IO) revealed that all the tick populations assessed showed resistance (%IO ≤ 95%) to at least one of the acaricides. All six tick populations assessed for efficacy (%IO ≥ 95%) at the DD) with deltamethrin were resistant (%IO ≤ 95%) and only one of the six tick populations assessed for efficacy with amitraz was susceptible. Based on the resistance ratios (RR), the adult immersion test detected amitraz and deltamethrin resistance in three (RR ranging from 2.30 to 3.21) and five (RR ranging from 4.10 to 14.59) of the six tick populations, respectively. With the larval immersion test, deltamethrin and amitraz resistance (larval mortality < 90% at the DD) was detected in all four and three of four R. (B.) microplus populations assessed, respectively. These data are critical for the design of an effective and sustainable tick control strategy on the communal farms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals)

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Special Issue "Parasitic Infections and Diseases of Domestic Animals"

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